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Topic: Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

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	Parelaphostrongylus tenuis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis or brainworm is a small parasitic nematode that infects the brain of many ungulates.
		tenuis was identified as the cause of moose sickness — a disease known since 1912 — by Canadian biologist Roy Anderson in 1967.
		tenuis begins when female worms lay their eggs in blood vessels in the venous sinuses and subdural space of a white tailed deer's brain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parelaphostrongylus_tenuis (487 words)

	Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis \| OSU College of Veterinary Medicine
		Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis (Meningeal Worm) Infection in Llamas and Alpacas
		Although consistent clinical signs and CSF eosinophilia are highly suggestive of meningeal worm infection, antemortem diagnosis of aberrant Parelaphostrongylus tenuis migration is often a diagnosis of exclusion.
		Rickard, LG et al: Experimentally induced meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) infection in the llama (Lama glama): Clinical evaluation and implications for parasite translocation.
	www.vet.ohio-state.edu /378.htm (2096 words)

	Health Risk Analysis in Wild Animal Translocations
		The experimental transmission of Pneumostrongylus tenuis to caribou (Rangifer tarandus terraenovae).
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (Nematoda) and Fascioloides magna (Trematoda) in moose of southeastern Manitoba.
		A summary of the prevalence of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in a captive wapiti population.
	wildlife1.usask.ca /wildlife_health_topics/risk_analysis/era_references.php (857 words)

	Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis in the Ohio River Valley \| OSU College of Veterinary Medicine
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in the Ohio River Valley and Parasitology in Llamas and Alpacas
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is a very real concern in areas of the east where white-tail deer are prevalent.
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis utilizes the white-tail deer as its definitive host and has an indirect life cycle, meaning there is an obligatory developmental stage in snails or slugs.
	www.vet.ohio-state.edu /379.htm (1351 words)

	Experimental infection of mule deer with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis -- Tyler et al. 16 (4): 533 -- Journal of Wildlife ...
		Experimental infection of mule deer with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis -- Tyler et al.
		Experimental infection of mule deer with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
		Two critical periods were apparent in mule deer infected with P. tenuis: nematode migration through the spinal neural parenchyma, and penetration of the adult nematodes into the cranial neural parenchyma.
	www.jwildlifedis.org /cgi/content/abstract/16/4/533 (316 words)

	Untitled Document
		Meningeal worm or brain worm has been transferred from the genus Pneumostrongylus to Parelaphostrongylus, hence is now known as Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. This species is a slender, delicate roundworm found in the cranial cavity of cervids. The white-tailed deer is the normal host of P.
		The larvae then penetrate into gastropods (snails and slugs) which act as intermediate hosts. Development of the larvae in the gastropod to a stage when they are infective to the vertebrate host takes about three weeks. Cervids become parasitized by ingesting infected gastropods with their food.
		Anderson, R.C. 1964. Neurologic disease in moose infected experimentally with Pneumostrongylus tenuis from white-tailed deer. Pathol. Vet.
	www.unbc.ca /nlui/wildlife_diseases/parelaphostrongylus_tenuis.htm (442 words)

	An Aspartyl Protease Inhibitor Orthologue Expressed by Parelaphostrongylus tenuis Is Immunogenic in an Atypical Host -- ...
		tenuis organisms in the CNS at necropsy (13).
		Mortality of fallow deer (Dama dama) experimentally infected with meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis.
		Experimentally induced meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) infection in the llama (Lama glama): clinical evaluation and implications for parasite translocation.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/9/4/763 (3984 words)

	DNR - Brainworm
		The adult brainworm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) is a roundworm or nematode normally found in the venous sinuses and subdural space of the brain of white-tailed deer in eastern North America.
		tenuis is responsible for the decline of moose in some areas of the United States and Canada and is a major factor preventing the establishment of moose, elk and caribou in areas where white-tailed deer are abundant.
		The worm is of no public health significance since it is not infective to humans, and meat of infected animals is safe for human consumption.
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/1,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26502--,00.html (1109 words)

	Parasites and host communities
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (meningeal worm): kills moose (Alces alces) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in clinical infections (by causing brain pathology), but doesn't kill white-tailed deer.
		tenuis has a two-host life cycle, from gastropods which are eaten accidentally by grazing ungulates and back again (via excreted eggs which hatch into larvae and bore into the gastropods when they crawl over the larvae).
		tenuis has caused or assisted the rise of deer and the decline of moose in the southern boreal forest, and that the existence of deer and P.
	www.zoo.ufl.edu /bolker/eep/notes/paracomm.html (645 words)

	Medscape MEDLINE search: Metastrongyloidea
		We describe the epidemiology of the protostrongylid parasites Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei and Protostrongylus stilesi in Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) from the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada (65 degrees N; 128 degrees W).
		Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei is a protostrongylid parasite that has recently been recognized at several locations in sub-Arctic, but not Arctic, North America.
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is a parasitic nematode that causes a debilitating neurologic disease in many North American cervids and domestic livestock species.
	search.medscape.com /uslclient/searchMedline.do?queryText=Metastrongyloidea (1042 words)

	Disease concerns in movement of deer and elk
		The history of Alberta's restrictions regarding importation of all cervids goes back to the 1960s, when the life cycle of the meningeal worm Parelaphostrongylus tenuis was first described.
		Until then, biologists and others were aware of what was known as "circling disease" in moose, and were also aware that some type of parasite was associated with the presence of white-tailed deer.
		tenuis were understood, biologists began mapping the distribution of the worm in North America.
	www.deer-library.com /artman/publish/printer_44.shtml (1919 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Collections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads and pellets were examined to determine the present incidence and distribution of brainworm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis).
		tenuis infection in deer and moose were also investigated.
		tenuis in deer was not significant (P> 0.05%).
	www.esf.edu /aec/publications/abstract/garner.htm (300 words)

	Baker Institute : Faculty : Judy Appleton : Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, also known as "meningeal worm", infects white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern US.
		Sheep, goats, llamas and fallow deer become infected with the L3 stage of P. tenuis when they ingest snails that have acquired L1 larvae from deer feces.
		Diagnosis of diseased animals is made on the basis of neurologic signs, however, at the time of observation of such signs anthelmintic drug therapy is of unproven efficacy and affected animals often do not recover.
	bakerinstitute.vet.cornell.edu /faculty/faculty-appleton-parel.html (180 words)

	Distribution of Meningeal Worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in South Dakota -- Jacques and Jenks 40 (1): 133 -- Journal ...
		Distribution of Meningeal Worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in South Dakota -- Jacques and Jenks 40 (1): 133 -- Journal of Wildlife Diseases
		of meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) in eastern and
		Meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) is a parasitic nematode
	www.jwildlifedis.org /cgi/content/full/40/1/133 (1468 words)

	Karen McCoy - Thesis Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I found interspecific variation in the climbing of gastropods, and in the representation of species in collections from trap samples, consistent with a hypothesis that prevalence is underestimated in gastropod populations due to sampling bias.
		tenuis altered gastropod climbing behaviour, thus increasing the probability of transmission to deer, was not supported and so could not account for high prevalence in deer.
		I eliminated some of the hypotheses advanced to explain observed prevalence and suggest that Deroceras laeve and Succinea ovalis should be focal species for further examination of the relative importance of gastropod species in transmission.
	www.uoguelph.ca /~nuddslab/docs/mccoy_k.htm (143 words)

	Llamapaedia: Problems: Meningeal Worm
		Llamas and alpacas can become infected with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis or meningeal worm as it is more commonly known.
		tenuis is found everywhere that white-tailed deer are found.
		The life cycle of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in the white-tailed deer and the llama.
	www.llamapaedia.com /problems/meningeal.html (982 words)

	http://www.saintmarys/~tplatt/index/publications.html
		Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea): Experimentalstudies on the life cycle in the mule deer (Odocoileus h.
		Platt, T.R. The molluscan intermediate hosts of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea), a parasite of the mule deer, Odocoileus h.
		Platt, T.R. Presence of the meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea), in white-tailed deer in Northwestern Indiana.
	www.saintmarys.edu /~tplatt/publications.html (1590 words)

	Meningeal Worm - Vet Corner at Shagbark Ridge Llamas -
		Life Cycle: Parelaphostrongylus tenuis utilizes the white-tail deer as its definitive host and has an indirect life cycle, meaning there is an obligatory developmental stage in snails or slugs.
		First-stage larvae are passed in the feces of P. tenuis infected WTD and these must be ingested by gastropods for development into the infective 3rd stage larvae.
		Based on the 2 peaks of disease here at Ohio State, the necessity of gastropods for transmission of P. tenuis and the 2 peaks of gastropods on pasture, we speculate that the most important times for meningeal worm prophylaxis are these 2 times when gastropods are most prevalent.
	www.shagbarkridge.com /info/menin.html (1402 words)

	Cathepsin B Homologue at the Interface between a Parasitic Nematode and Its Intermediate Host -- Duffy et al. 74 (2): ...
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is a parasitic nematode that causes
		tenuis with gene-specific primers spanning a 334-bp amplicon of Ptcpr-1, a 591-bp amplicon of Ptcpr-2, and a 200-bp amplicon of a housekeeping gene (Pthsp-70).
		tenuis induces cellular infiltrates and granuloma-like structures in the headfoot of snails.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/2/1297 (4688 words)

	LMRG UPDATE Aug.2002
		The investigators goal is to develop a vaccine that would prevent disease caused by Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (meningeal worm) in llamas and alpacas.
		The disease is common in llamas raised in areas where both white-tailed deer and P. tenuis are endemic.
		Ivermectin and fenbendazole are used routinely in llamas for treatment of internal parasites and for prevention of meningeal worm (P tenuis) infection.
	www.llamasofsocal.org /lmrg_update.htm (1954 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Prevalence of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in white-tailed deer in northern New York.
		Abstract: The prevalence and distribution of "brainworm" (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) were examined in northern New York (USA) from 1986 to 1989.
		Sixty nice (46%) of 151 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads examined, contained adult P. tenuis.
	www.esf.edu /aec/publications/abstract/garner91.htm (109 words)

	Meningeal Worm
		References: P. tenuis - The White-tailed Deer Parasite, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Goat Medicine (1994) by Smith and Sherman.
		Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis (Meningeal Worm): Infection in Llamas and Alpacas - Ohio State University
		Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in the Ohio River Valley and Parasitology in Llamas and Alpacas - Ohio State University
	www.sheepandgoat.com /articles/deerworm.html (961 words)

	AlpacaNation Press Room: Current Alpaca News Information
		The meningeal worm of white tailed deer, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, migrates from the gastrointestinal tract to the spinal cord and/or brain.
		The meningeal worm, also known as the deer worm or meningeal deer worm, frequently infects llamas and alpacas.
		Neurologic deficits originating in the cervical spinal cord are most commonly caused by larval migration of the meningeal worm Parelaphostrongylus tenuis.
	www.alpacanation.com /library/diseases.asp (905 words)

	Ecology of meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (nematoda), in white-tailed deer and terrestrial gastropods of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ecology of meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (nematoda), in white-tailed deer and terrestrial gastropods of Michigan's Upper Peninsula with implications for moose.
		Because some of the subsequent mortalities were attributed to meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, a study was done in 1995-1996 to determine potential exposure of moose to this parasite.
		Objectives were to determine parasite population size in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of the region as well as the abundance and distribution of gastropod intermediate hosts with emphasis on their role in transmission of P. tenuis to moose.
	highbeam.com /doc/1G1:92803171/Ecology+of+meningeal+worm,+... (178 words)

	About Me
		Jason Garvon, M.S. Nematode parasitism in the land snail, Anquispira alternata: aspects of infection with Cosmocercoides dukae and evaluation of a mechanism of infection with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis.
		Patterns of infection with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in a resident herd of white-tailed deer.
		Effect of temperature and precipitation on the patterns of infection with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in a resident herd of white-tailed deer.
	www.nmu.edu /biology/Bird/BIRD.htm (565 words)

	Murray State University College of Science Undergraduate Research Pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The occurrence of Parelaphostrongy1us tenuis in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and elk (Cervus elaphus) was examined in the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) Land Between the Lakes (LBL).
		Along with the fifteen fecal samples collected, 13 deer heads recovered from hunter harvest were inspected for the adult form of P. tenuis.
		Although there was no correlation between the infection of P. tenuis in deer and that of elk, more research is needed to fully understand the susceptibility of elk to this meningeal worm.
	www.murraystate.edu /qacd/cos/undergrad/elsea.htm (149 words)

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