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	Parenchyma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parenchyma cells are thin-walled cells of the ground tissue that make up the bulk of most nonwoody structures, although sometimes their cell walls can be lignified.
		Parenchyma cells in between the epidermis and pericycle in a root or shoot constitute the cortex, and are used for storage of food.
		Parenchyma cells within the center of the root or shoot constitute the pith.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parenchyma (199 words)

	Botany online: Dermal Tissues, Parenchyma and Assimilation Tissues - Ground Tissue
		The pith of the shoots, the storage tissue of the fruits, the seeds, the roots and other underground organs are all parenchyma tissues, as is the mesophyll (the assimilation tissue of leaves).
		Parenchyma cells are not differentiated, neither morphologically nor physiologically.
		Parenchyma tissues (from the pith of the shoot, for example), can be cultivated in appropriate synthetic culture media and are thus prompted to divide.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e05/05d.htm (1209 words)

	Botany online: Dermal Tissues, Parenchyma and Assimilation Tissues - Mesophyll
		palisade parenchyma at the undersurface of the leaf.
		The variability of the cells of the spongy parenchyma and that of its organization is even greater than that of the palisade parenchyma.
		On the contrary: the proportion of palisade parenchyma that is in contact with the intercellular space is larger than that of the spongy parenchyma.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e05/05e.htm (1596 words)

	Parenchyma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is relatively unspecialized and makes up a substantial part of the volume of a herbaceous plant and of the leaves, flowers and the fruits of woody plants.
		The thin-walled parenchyma cells have large vacuoles and distinct intercellular spaces.
		the most important function of the parenchyma cells of roots and stem is the storage of food (e.g.
	www.botany.uwc.ac.za /SCI_ED/grade10/plant_tissues/parenchyma.htm (57 words)

	Parenchyma.htm
		Parenchyma cells are better suited for photosynthetic activity because their thin primary cell walls allow more efficient passage of light, water, gases, and metabolites.
		Specialized parenchyma is found in aquatic plants that require flotation for their leaves.
		Contrast the parenchyma cells of the phloem with the thick-walled xylem cells.
	www.mhhe.com /biosci/pae/botany/histology/html/parenchyma.htm (510 words)

	Website Notes: Plant Tissues
		The wound induces parenchyma cells near the cut surface to dedifferentiate into meristematic cells, which then divide and produce root apical meristems that form roots on the cutting.
		Take home point of parenchyma - these cells are the primary components of ground tissue and are the most abundant and least structurally specialized cells in plants.
		Parenchyma cells are the site of the basic functions of plants.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/landau/tissues.htm (1091 words)

	Int. J. Dev. Biol. - Role of fixed parenchyma cells in blastema formation of the planarian Dugesia japonica. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		ABSTRACT Observations of fixed parenchyma cells using electron microscopy were carried out in an attempt to understand the morphogenetic process of blastema formation in regenerating planarians.
		Immunogold labeling was detected at the surface area of fixed parenchyma cells and regenerative cells.
		These observations suggest that the cytoplasmic processes of fixed parenchyma cell are related to directional movement of regenerative cells by providing a contact guidance system.
	www.ijdb.ehu.es /web/paper.php?doi=1722693 (254 words)

	How do non woody plants stay upright?
		Parenchyma cells, which make up the bulk of the stem, are thin walled with large vacuoles.
		Phloem is a specialised form of parenchyma, made up of sieve elements and companion cells, whose function is the transport of materials produced during photosynthesis.
		Parenchyma, phloem and xylem are not the only tissues visible in a stem cross section; collenchyma often located in the outer tissue has thick cell walls and is relatively pliable, it can play a significant part in the support of shoots but is seldom found in roots.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artoct99/plantupright.html (881 words)

	Parenchyma definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Parenchyma: The key elements of an organ essential to its functioning, as distinct from the capsule that encompasses it and other supporting structures.
		The parenchyma is thus opposed to the connective tissue framework, or stroma, of an organ.
		The Greek word "parenchyma" means "that which is poured in." It reflects the ancient (and erroneous) idea that the inner substance of solid organs like the liver, spleen and kidneys was formed by blood that was poured into it.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=12708 (155 words)

	Axial parenchyma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Abundance of axial parenchyma varies from genus to genus, axial parenchyma is absent or very rare in some hardwoods (e.g., maple, birch, willow), and common in others (e.g., oak, many members of the family Leguminosae).
		Diffuse* - single parenchyma strands or pairs of strands distributed irregularly among the fibrous elements of the wood.
		Parenchyma bands may be mainly independent of the vessels (apotracheal), definitely paratracheal (associated with the vessels) or both.
	www.uwsp.edu /papersci/biasca/ps350/axial.htm (459 words)

	HARDWOOD ANATOMY LECTURE OUTLINE AND IMAGES - AXIAL PARENCHYMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Patterns of axial parenchyma arrangement as viewed in cross section are useful for hardwood identification.
		Paratracheal- Axial parenchyma* associated with the vessels; types of paratracheal parenchyma are scanty paratracheal, vasicentric, aliform, confluent, and unilateral paratracheal.
		Ash) have vasicentric, aliform, and confluent paratracheal parenchyma.
	www.ncsu.edu:8010 /ncsu/Project25/WPS202/hardwood/axial.htm (438 words)

	Botany: Parenchyma Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In addition, parenchyma is present in the more complex tissues, xylem and phloem.
		Parenchyma cells vary greatly in size ranging from isodiametric to stellately branched and cylindrical.
		Parenchyma is a general purpose type of cell often capable of photosynthesis and some conduction.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/projects/Botany/paren.html (140 words)

	New Page 1
		In this sample the cambium zone and the inner bark both contain parenchyma cells but they are not storing starch.
		In between the wood rays where you see purple are the axial parenchyma cells.
		A tangential section is a section with a straight cut at a tangent to the growth increments.
	www.treedictionary.com /DICT2003/HTMLFILES/parenchyma1.html (210 words)

	Deep lamellar keratoplasty by deep parenchyma detachment from the corneal limbs -- Senoo et al. 89 (12): 1597 -- ...
		A spatula is inserted from the sclerocorneal flap, and a pocket for hydrodelamination made in the space between Descemet’s membrane and the parenchyma.
		have adhesion of the membrane and pathological parenchyma.
		donor cornea and parenchyma of the recipient cornea.
	www.arabmedmag.com /issue-31-12-2005/ophtalmology/main03.htm (1741 words)

	Inflammation of the airways and lung parenchyma in COPD ; role of T cells - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CHEST ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A smoking-induced inflammatory reaction in the airways and lung parenchyma, comprised mainly of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, has long been accepted to be the major cause of COPD in smokers.
		In addition to T cells, other inflammatory cell types such as neutrophils and macrophages are probably essential in the initial inflammatory process leading to the breakdown of lung tissue, perhaps producing peptides eventually recognized by T cells as antigenic.
		A smoking-induced inflammatory reaction in the airways and lung parenchyma comprised of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages (1-4) has long been accepted to be the major cause of the development of airway abnormalities and emphysema, and consequently COPD, in susceptible smokers.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_5_121/ai_87103262 (889 words)

	Pneumonia: Encyclopedia of Medicine
		The air sacs of the lung, in which oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange actually takes place, are clustered at the ends of the bronchioles like the leaves of a tree.
		The tissue of the lung which serves only a supportive role for the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli is called the lung parenchyma.
		These types of pneumonia primarily infect the walls of the alveoli and the parenchyma of the lung.
	health.enotes.com /medicine-encyclopedia/pneumonia (2295 words)

	Simple Tissues: Parenchyma
		Parenchyma is a cell type with ONLY …
		A large part of the bark and wood of shrubs/trees may also consist of parenchyma
		Secretory parenchyma cells are usually thin-walled and extremely permeable
	www.wou.edu /~duttonb/Bi371/Bi371-LectGuide(ch3-Parenchyma-2005).htm (403 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Parenchyma - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Parenchyma: The essential or functional elements of an organ.
		Parenchyma: animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g.
		A hierarchical classification of Parenchyma: The following list attempts to classify Parenchyma into categories where each line is subset of the next.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/parenchyma.htm (159 words)

	Nodule Parenchyma—Specific Expression of the Sesbania rostrata Early Nodulin Gene SrEnod2 Is Mediated by Its 3' ...
		The grayish blue hue of the nodule parenchyma area in these sections does not indicate GUS activity but is an artifact of the microscopy conditions used (reflection of light).
		GUS activity can be seen in the nodule parenchyma, vascular bundles, and outer cortical tissue as well as in the root central cylinder and in the root cortex.
		gene expression in the nodule parenchyma and vascular tissues.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/10/10/1585 (7716 words)

	GLOSSARY PQ
		parenchyma One of the three major cell types in plants.
		Parenchyma cells have thin, usually multisided walls, are unspecialized but carry on
		Parenchyma are variously shaped but are characterized by thin walls and remain alive at functional maturity.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookglossPQ.html (3318 words)

	Lymphocytes Migrate from the Blood into the Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Lung Parenchyma in the Asthma Model of the Brown ...
		To what extent the BAL reflects the immune response in the lung parenchyma, the second compartment studied, is not well understood.
		the BAL and 2.9- (2.8-) fold in the parenchyma.
		In the parenchyma 72.7 ± 1.7% of immigrated CFSE
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/161/2/558 (5359 words)

	Mechanical stretch activates nuclear factor-kappaB, activator protein-1, and mitogen-activated protein kinases in lung ...
		A) Lung parenchyma isolated from normal mice was subjected to mechanical force of 0.5 g (12% linear stretch) for different periods; the nuclear extracts were made and analyzed with EMSA.
		parenchyma on the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinases.
		B) Lung parenchyma were preincubated for 10 min with methacholine (100 µM) followed by the application of mechanical stretch for 15 min.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/17/13/1800 (6352 words)

	Mechanical dissociation of bronchi from parenchyma in the immature piglet lung -- Mansell et al. 89 (1): 228 -- Journal ...
		Mechanical dissociation of bronchi from parenchyma in the immature piglet lung -- Mansell et al.
		Mechanical dissociation of bronchi from parenchyma in the immature piglet lung
		Major bronchi were excised from the parenchyma in three pairs of lungs from each group.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/1/228 (3979 words)

	Mesothelioma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mesothelium consists of a single layer of flattened to cuboidal cells forming the epithelial lining of the serous cavities of the body including the peritoneal, pericardial and pleural cavities.
		Deposition of asbestos fibres in the parenchyma of the lung may result in the penetration of the visceral pleura from where the fibre can then be carried to the pleural surface, thus leading to the development of malignant mesothelial plaques.
		The processes leading to the development of peritoneal mesothelioma remain unresolved, although it has been proposed that asbestos fibres from the lung are transported to the abdomen and associated organs via the lymphatic system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mesothelioma (4082 words)

	Parenchyma & Collenchyma
		The parenchyma cells you have examined thus far have relatively thin walls, but there are also thick-walled parenchyma cells.
		The distinction between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma is largely based on the wall structure.
		Parenchyma cell walls are usually thin and primary.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/webb/BOT410/410Labs/LabsHTML-99/SimpleTissues/simptisx99rev.html (2010 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Darkfield Gallery - Parenchyma Abscission Layer
		The abscission layer, a barrier of thin-walled parenchyma cells, develops across the stem (or petiole) at the base of a leaf, flower, or fruit as it approaches the time of falling from a plant.
		Abscission is the process that should be recognized for creating the beautiful autumn colors of deciduous trees in temperate regions, and this specialized layer acts as the breaking point for separating the plant from its terminal appendages.
		View a high magnification image of the parenchyma abscission layer.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/darkfield/abscissionlayerlow.html (521 words)

	Drug Transporters in the Central Nervous System: Brain Barriers and Brain Parenchyma Considerations -- Lee et al. 53 ...
		The BBB is composed of a monolayer of brain capillary endothelial cells that are fused together by tight junctions.
		The brain parenchyma is made up of neurons and the surrounding neuroglia cells.
		There are two primary types of neuroglial cells that comprise the brain parenchyma, the macroglia, and microglia.
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/4/569 (7079 words)

	Uncoupling of virus-induced inflammation and anti-viral immunity in the brain parenchyma -- Stevenson et al. 83 (7): ...
		Uncoupling of virus-induced inflammation and anti-viral immunity in the brain parenchyma -- Stevenson et al.
		Uncoupling of virus-induced inflammation and anti-viral immunity in the brain parenchyma
		to the carriage of cell-associated antigens from the brain parenchyma
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/83/7/1735 (3697 words)

	Wood - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the middle portion of the ring in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibres are most abundant.
		As the breadth of ring diminishes, this middle portion is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma.
		In good oak these large vessels of the early wood occupy from 6 to 10 per cent of the volume of the log, while in inferior material they may make up 25 per cent or more.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/w/o/o/Wood.html (4074 words)

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