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Topic: Parentalia

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Parentalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Parentalia was the first of three Roman festivals in February for appeasing the dead which started on the Ides and lasted until the 22nd.
		His tributes to the founder, Sir Thomas Gresham, to previous professors, to the City, and to the muse of astronomy are gracious, well turned, and apt; Wren enumerated, with examples familiar to an educated audience, the practical applications and benefits of his discipline, especially to trade and industry.
		Parentalia's emphasis on taste is deliberate; Wren, whose contemporaries were Bunyan, Dryden, and Pepys, was a Restoration, not a Georgian, figure.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Parentalia (342 words)

	Beth Owl's Daughter
		Valentine's Day, and the Roman Parentalia begins, and the love feast between Cernunnos and Danu, and the day when Arianrhod steps over the magical wand of Math, which manifests truth.
		The Parentalia continues with the Lupercalia, a celebration of fertility dedicated to Juno-Lupa, the Goddess in the guise of Mother She-wolf.
		After the Parentalia, focused on honoring the dead ancestors, today is a celebration of the living.
	www.well.com /~zenrose/tarot/February-2006.html (911 words)

	Parentalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Parentalia - (the feast for dead parents) - NP
		Although the Parentalia always began with the performance of ceremonies in honor of dead parents by a Vestal Virgin, Romans basically celebrated the Parentalia at the family level.
		Families walked outside the city to visit the family tombs and performed private sacrifices in honor of dead kin (especially parents).
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/parentalia.htm (341 words)

	Sir Christopher Wren
		His tributes to the founder, Sir Thomas Gresham, to previous professors, to the City, and to the muse of astronomy are gracious, well turned, and apt; Wren enumerated, with examples familiar to an educated audience, the practical applications and benefits of his discipline, especially to trade and industry.
		A list in Parentalia of Wren's inventions before 1660 includes devices for surveying, musical and acoustical instruments, developments in fishing, underwater construction and submarine navigation, and experiments in printmaking; he experimented with, but did not invent, the mezzotint technique, which Prince Rupert demonstrated to the Royal Society in 1661.
		Parentalia's emphasis on taste is deliberate; Wren, whose contemporaries were Bunyan, Dryden, and Pepys, was a Restoration, not a Georgian, figure.
	pasta.cantbedone.org /pages/VWVMzu.htm (13192 words)

	The Tradition of Saint Valentine's Day
		The tradition of Valentine's Day is believed to have originated from the pagan customs of the Third Century or Fourth Century B.C., when the Parentalia and Feralia Festivals of Purification were celebrated in Ancient Rome between February 13 and February 18.
		This was also the time of a Fertility Festival which celebrated a young man's rite of passage and involved animal sacrifices and fertility rituals.
		Priests known as luperci from two colleges (Quintillii and Fabii) would meet at the Cave of Lupercal in the Palatine Hill, where a she-wolf was said to have nursed Romulus and Remus, the twin founders of Rome.
	www.novareinna.com /festive/valentine.html (1315 words)

	Pagan Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Romans called their ancestors “Manes”, and mostly Parentalia was a quiet period for reflection and visits to cemeteries.
		Temples closed their doors, magistrates went around in mufti, and people were generally sombre thinking of the dead, and homely in giving due respects to those parents still living.
		Perhaps this Parentalia may provide a chance to stop and reflect on what sort of teacher you are ~ what values you transmit, both by your words and (more importantly) by actions.
	ipc.paganearth.com /diaryarticles/poetry/Thought26.html (381 words)

	Parentalia Summary - Parentalia Information
		The term Parentalia designates the period of nine days during which Roman families would visit the tombs of the dead to honor them.
		A deceased person was regarded as having joined the collectivity of the di parentes (in the funerary inscriptions, it is written in the dative or the genitive along with the collective term).
		By this pietas—the expression is Ovid's (Fasti 2.535)—toward the dead, the Parentalia were differentiated from the Lemuria of May 9, 11, and 13, which consisted of rites in which evil spirits were expelled (ibid., 5.429–444).
	www.bookrags.com /other/religion/parentalia-eorl-10.html (613 words)

	The Pagan Roots of Mardi Gras - Pagan
		Parentalia, which was a longer festival held in honor of dead ancestors, began on the Ides of February.
		In the middle of the Parentalia was a day called Caristia, which was a break in the general festivities.
		The Feralia, a feast honoring “infernal powers” and sacred to Jupiter, closed the Parentalia on February 22nd.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art41058.asp (487 words)

	Parentalia
		Parentalia is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Parentalia: Encyclopedia II - Funeral - Control by the decedent of the details of the funeral
		Another way of avoiding some of the rituals and costs of a traditional funeral is for the decedent to donate some or all of her or his body to a medical school or similar institution for the purpose of instruction in anatomy, or for similar purposes.
	www.experiencefestival.com /parentalia (906 words)

	February
		Beginning at noon, this is the first day of the Roman Parentalia, a part of Mania.
		As part of the ceremony, the foreheads of two youths are wiped with wool dipped in milk.
		On the sixth day of the Parentalia and beginning of Feralia, offerings are left at the tombs.
	www.angelfire.com /de/poetry/Holy_Days/feb.html (3013 words)

	Burial insurance Funeral, more information about Funeral
		At the end of the period, the house was swept in an attempt to purge it of the dead person's ghost.
		Several Roman holidays commemmorated a family's dead ancestors, including the Parentalia, held February 13 through 21, to honour the family's ancestors; and the Lemuria, held on May 9, 11, and 13, in which ghosts (larvæ) were feared to be active, and the pater familias sought to appease them with offerings of beans.
		The Romans prohibited burning or burying in the city, both from a sacred and civil consideration, that the priests might not be contaminated by touching a dead body, and that houses might not be endangered by the frequency of funeral fires.
	www.burial-insurance.us /Funeral.html (3647 words)

	Bookshop
		As Soo explains, Wren’s writings provide ‘evidence of an important, but generally unexplored period in the history of architectural theory, when principles established since the Renaissance were seriously challenged on the basis of seventeenth-century science’.
		But fascinating as these tracts and the other short pieces of writing from Parentalia are, it is the inclusion of the less well known and less readily available texts that make this book especially valuable to Wren scholars.
		This text – probably of the mid l670s and complete with a drawing by Nicholas Hawksmoor showing the conjectural reconstruction of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus – is a scholarly discourse on buildings of the ancient world.
	www.arplus.com /book/reviews/wren.htm (657 words)

	Halloween in Rome: Halloween from Around the World. Halloween Traditions. Favorites. Songs, recipes, traditions, toys, ...
		Parentalia the Roman holiday dedicated to honoring dead family began precisely at the sixth hour on the thirteenth day of February and lasted a full nine days thereafter.
		During the Parentalia, all temples were closed, weddings were forbidden, and governmental magistrates uncharacteristically appeared in public devoid of the insignia of their office.
		The Vestal virgins, the priestesses who tended the goddess Vesta's shrine in the Forum, performed rites of their own at the Parentalia.
	www.jackolanterns.net /romanhalloween.htm (508 words)

	Roman Festivals
		From noon on February 13 through the 21st (the Feralia, FP or F, the feast of infernal powers)all temples were closed, marriages were forbidden, and public officials lay down their insignia of office.
		A darker, scarier rite which in Ovid's description has overtones of witchcraft and magic and at which sheep were sacrificed to the spirits of the dead.
		Carista, was a family reunion, where the living, now that they had paid respect to the dead, gathered to celebrate their own family (and resolve any outstanding quarrels).
	www.carnaval.com /saturnalia/romanfestivals.htm (2738 words)

	Definition of parentalia - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "parentalia " and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "parentalia " instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "parentalia " in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/parentalia (41 words)

	Roman Festivals & Holidays
		The Feralia was the closing festival of the Parentalia.
		It began at dawn on February 13th and ended with the Feralia on February 21st.
		All temples were closed during the Parentalia, and all Romans were expected to give offerings to the deceased at the necropolis located outside the city walls.
	www.musesrealm.net /rome/festivalsinfo.html (1208 words)

	Parentalia! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Each spring at Parentalia students present speaches and artwork, and everyone dines on foods of the classical world.
		All are incouraged to atire themselves in Roman costume, (bed sheets) as awards are presented to the best dressed guests.
		The next year's JCL officers are also anounced, and the scrap-book of the year's events (compiled by the historians) is put on display.
	www.cs.williams.edu /~lindsey/JCL/Parentalia.html (61 words)

	parentalia - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		We found 2 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word parentalia:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "parentalia" is defined.
		parentalia : The Phrontistery - A Dictionary of Obscure Words [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=parentalia (80 words)

	Lyrics And Songs : Lyrics - Parentalia by ATROCITY from album DIE LIEBE (Free Words of the song)
		You are viewing lyrics of Parentalia by ATROCITY from the album DIE LIEBE at LyricsAndSongs.COM
		The Lyrics above are to Parentalia and are (Mostly correct, Yet...
		The Lyrics seem to be the lyrics to Parentalia But they are (Wrong)
	www.lyricsandsongs.com /song/71373.html (273 words)

	Februarius
		Day of the Lupercalia, originally a festival of purification intended to banish malign spirits, later it became a rowdy festival associated with
		Day 9 of the Parentalia, with offerings at the tombs of the ancestors.
		In a leap year there would be two February 24's.
	www.antonineimperium.org /februarius.htm (134 words)

	Maius with Senex Caecilius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Not surprisingly, both were honored at the Mercuralia (May 15), considered to be Mercury's birthday.
		The Lemuria (May 9, 11, 13) was one of several Roman festivals of the dead, but compared with the mild rituals of the Parentalia, Feralia, and Caristia, held in February, the Lemuria was a fearsome affair when ghosts walked around and had to be propitiated.
		Ovid records the private rites, but little is known of the public cult or the sacrifice offered.
	lonestar.texas.net /~robison/maius.html (237 words)

	The Ultimate Manes - American History Information Guide and Reference
		They were the souls of deceased loved ones.
		They were honored during the Parentalia and Feralia in February.
		Tombstones often included the letters D.M. This stood for dis manibus or "dedicated to the Manes-gods".
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Manes (84 words)

	February 2005 Holidays - School of the Seasons
		On the last day of the Roman festival of Parentalia, families went to the graveyard, bringing offerings to appease the ancestors.
		From the Roman word, cara, meaning dear, this was a day of family reunions after the solemnity of the Parentalia.
		Some of these make sense—the beans, for instance, recall the Roman feast of Parentalia when fl beans were thrown to propitiate the ancestors—while the candles evoke the candles of Candlemas.
	www.schooloftheseasons.com /febdays2.html (3239 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| Book of Days \| February 13 \| Colin Powell's lie to UN, Parentalia, ...
		Temples were closed and weddings prohibited during the Parentalia, ancient Rome’s main festival of the dead, the Parentalia lasted until the Feralia (
		It was customary for people to visit the graves of their parents and other relatives, placing offerings of wine, milk, oil, honey and water from springs.
		Dresden had been famous for its artwork and historic buildings until it became the victim of the single most destructive air raid of World War II.
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /book/feb13.html (3263 words)

	Sir Christopher Wren (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		One of the earliest biographies of Wren and certainly the most important, Parentalia was published by his grandson from manuscripts by his son.
		The 'heirloom' copy (owned by the RIBA) of the printed book with manuscript additions was reprinted by Gregg Press in 1965 and it is this facsimile version that is most frequently cited today.
		Wren's library was passed to his son Christopher the compiler of the Parentalia, on his death.
	www.arct.cam.ac.uk /personal-page/james/phd/wren/bibliography.html (2500 words)

	Event Announcement - Coldwoods 2nd Parentalia UPDATED
		For the Second year in a row, Coldwood is going to go Roman and do as the Romans do....
		Parentalias third festival, called Carista was literally a family renunion, where the living, now that they had paid respect to the dead, gathered to celebrate their own family and friends(and resolve any outstanding quarrels).
		We will be serving 3 Entre's and hope our friends will bring Side Dishes to let all enjoy.
	www.eastkingdom.org /event-detail.html?eid=1166 (435 words)

	6 Mar 2003
		Julian 2003 Feb 21— FERALIA —; CLAVDVNTVR PARENTALIA — ANTE DIEM IX CALENDAS MARTIS MMDCCLVI A.V.C
		This is the last day of the Parentalia and the temples would be opened at noon.The Feralia is a religious holiday sacred to Jupiter, whose surname was Feretrius.
		On this day the ongoing celebrations forming part of the dies parentalis and the tempus religiosum came to a close.
	h42day.100megsfree5.com /history/h4mar/200303/20030306.html (317 words)

	Römischer Kalender
		13 - Parentalia begins, Fornacalia continues, Festival of Concordia continues, Festival of Vesta, Festival of Faunus, Commemoration of the fallen Fabii
		15 - Parentalia continues, Lupercalia to Faunus, Fornacalia continues, Festival of Concordia continues
		17 - Parentalia continues, Last day of Fornacalia, Last day of festival of Concordia, Quirinalia to Quirinus, Festival of Fornax
	www.cueni.ch /romkalender.html (1162 words)

	The De Lancaster Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The following information is taken from notes made by John Lord (d.
		The Ormerod Arms are very similar to the Arms bornes by the de Lancasters vides Parentalia pp.3 and 4.
		This evidence of some value when read in conjunction with Dr. Ormerod's observations in his Parentalia.
	www.ormerod.uk.net /History/Ormerod/de_lancaster_connection.htm (778 words)

	Brian's Education Blog • Christopher Wren takes refuge from religious turbulence in science
		Throughout the worst period of his father's trials and tribulations, the mid-1640s, Christopher Wren spent much of his time away at school in London.
		In Parentalia, the collection of family memoirs which is still a core source for Wren studies, his own son records that he was 'of tender health', and that his constitution 'was naturally rather delicate than strong, especially in his Youth, which seemed consumptive'.
		As a result, until he was nine he was taught at home by his father and a domestic tutor, the Reverend William Shepheard.
	www.brianmicklethwait.com /education/archives/001742.htm (1141 words)

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