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Topic: Parietal cortex

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	Everything in its place: Researchers identify brain cells used to categorize images
		They found that the activity of neurons in a part of the brain called the parietal cortex encode the category, or meaning, of familiar visual images and that brain activity patterns changed dramatically as a result of learning.
		Their results suggest that categories are encoded by the activity of individual neurons (brain cells) and that the parietal cortex is a part of the brain circuitry that learns and recognizes the meaning of the things that we see.
		Parietal cortex activity was completely reorganized as a result of this retraining and encoded the visual patterns according to the newly learned categories.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-08/hms-eii082306.php (803 words)

	Parietal lobe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The parietal lobe is a lobe in the brain.
		The central sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe, and the parieto-occipital sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobe.
		The parietal lobe can be subdivided into the superior parietal lobule and the inferior parietal lobule with the two separated by the intraparietal sulcus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parietal_lobe (525 words)

	BASIC CEREBRAL CORTEX FUNCTION OTHER THAN VISION
		The primary olfactory cortex is also known as the pyriform (pear-shaped) cortex, corresponding to the anterior portion of the uncus of the parahippocampal gyrus of the temporal lobe.
		The subdivision of the cerebral cortex into the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes is based on the names of the overlying bones in the skull.
		Patients with damage to the left parietal lobe are unable to brush their teeth, strike a match, wave goodbye or perform any number of other voluntary actions when asked to do so, despite retaining the capacity to do these actions spontaneously in appropriate situations.
	www.benbest.com /science/anatmind/anatmd6.html#parietal (5875 words)

	THE BRAIN FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
		The parietal lobes are themselves closely interconnected with the prefrontal areas, and together these two regions represent the highest level of integration in the motor control hierarchy.
		Thus, the primary motor cortex, in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe, is immediately adjacent to the somatosensory cortex, in the anterior portion of the parietal lobe.
		It consists of the cerebellar hemispheres, is connected to the cortex, and contributes to the co-ordination of voluntary movements.
	thebrain.mcgill.ca /flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html (2792 words)

	The Cerebral Cortex
		Cortical origins are primarily from the parietal and frontal lobes, but there are projections with origins from all cerebral cortices, Motor control via extrapyramidal nuclei is via effects on brainstem (diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla), cerebellar and basal ganglia motor nuclei..
		Somatosensory cortex is highly organized by input source---and the body regions capable of the greatest sensitivity occupy the greatest amount of somatosensory cortex.
		The visual cortex of the occipital lobe is divided into layers which are involved in a "division of labor'..each receiving visual input and processing it somewhat differently, via projections to other cortical and subcortical regions.
	www.newmanveterinary.com /CerebralCortex.html (764 words)

	JYI: A Review of Parietal Lobe Functioning in Planning and Updating Motor Movements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The function of the parietal cortex has been debated for over a century, yet a multitude of tasks are still assigned to this area of the brain.
		Not surprisingly, the parietal cortex (including the parietal operculum, or secondary somatosensory cortex, and the left inferior parietal cortex) was more active in the deluded passive movement than in the active movement condition.
		Activity in the parietal cortex may be correlated with the comparison mechanism of the forward model or the conscious sensation of intention may be correlated with this change in the perceived timing of action and effect of the intentional binding explanation.
	www.jyi.org /volumes/volume11/issue3/articles/rauschecker.html (5506 words)

	Cerebral cortex Summary
		The cortex is divided into several cortical areas, each responsible for separate functions, such as planning of complex movements, memory, personality, elaboration of thoughts, word formation, language understanding, motor coordination, visual processing of words, spatial orientation, and body spatial coordination.
		The association areas of the cortex receive and simultaneously analyze multiple sensations received from several regions of the brain, such as the motor and sensory cortical areas, and subcortical areas such as the limbic system, responsible for animal behavior, emotions and motivation.
		The second association area is the anterior section of the cortex, bordered by the olfactory lobe, the limbic, and the motor areas.
	www.bookrags.com /Cerebral_cortex (2672 words)

	Team projects on www for Biological Basis of Behavior - 2001
		Parietal Cortex Spouse and other family members Sheila Herbst When a family member has determined they are dealing with a tumor that is on the parietal cortex of the brain.
		The parietal cortex is located in the cerebral cortex which may be anatomically defined as the higher order center of the central nervous system.
		Somatosensory cortex is highly organized by input source—and the body regions capabilities of the greatest sensitivity occupy the greatest amount of the somatosensory cortex.
	www.humboldt.edu /~morgan/apra_s01.htm (5272 words)

	BrainConnection.com - The Anatomy of Movement
		The primary motor cortex, or M1, is one of the principal brain areas involved in motor function.
		Every part of the body is represented in the primary motor cortex, and these representations are arranged somatotopically -- the foot is next to the leg which is next to the trunk which is next to the arm and the hand.
		For example, the posterior parietal cortex would be involved in determining how to steer the arm to a glass of water based on where the glass is located in space.
	www.brainconnection.com /topics/?main=anat/motor-anat (890 words)

	Parietal cortex and representation of the mental Self -- Lou et al. 101 (17): 6827 -- Proceedings of the National ...
		to medial prefrontal cortex, the latter to medial parietal.
		parietal cortex is characteristic of the former and activation
		The former is mainly connected with medial parietal/posterior cingulate, left temporoprefrontal region, and left inferior parietal region; the latter is mainly connected with medial prefrontal cortex and bilateral inferior parietal cortices.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/17/6827 (4000 words)

	Cerebral cortex - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The cerebral cortex, made up of four lobes, is involved in many complex brain functions including memory, attention, perceptual awareness, "thinking", language and consciousness.
		Parts of the cortex that receive sensory inputs from the thalamus are called primary sensory areas.
		Allocortex (heterotypical cortex) with variable number of layers, e.g., olfactory cortex and hippocampus.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Cortex (1512 words)

	CiteULike: Encoding of intention and spatial location in the posterior parietal cortex. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The posterior parietal cortex is functionally situated between sensory cortex and motor cortex.
		In this review we will provide evidence that the posterior parietal cortex is an interface between sensory and motor structures and performs various functions important for sensory-motor integration.
		Data will be reviewed demonstrating that there exists in the posterior parietal cortex an abstract representation of space that is constructed from the integration of visual, auditory, vestibular, eye position, and proprioceptive head position signals.
	www.citeulike.org /user/memphisphil/article/692677 (640 words)

	Exploring News & Features - Storage sets limits on our visual hard drive
		The fMRI results revealed that activity in the posterior parietal cortex strongly correlated with the number of objects the subjects were able to remember.
		Importantly, the posterior parietal cortex did not respond differently to the number of objects presented in a scene if the participants were not asked to remember what they had seen.
		In contrast, regions of the visual cortex in the occipital lobe did respond differently to the number of objects even in the absence of the memory task.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /exploration/news/news_marois.htm (459 words)

	Journal of Vision - Parietal cortex involvement in visually guided, non-visually guided, observed, and imagined ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		However, in those studies, (1) pointing, instead of reaching, was compared to saccades, (2) delayed (planned), rather than immediately executed hand movements were used, and (3) the effect of seeing the hand was not investigated.
		It remains unclear whether naturalistic reaching activates human medial parietal areas more than saccades, whether that activation is present during execution of reaching, and whether the activation depends on whether the reaching hand is visible.
		These findings suggest the presence of a medial parietal human homologue to monkey MIP/V6A that is activated more by reaching than by saccades, and that may contain neurons involved in execution, mental simulation, and observation of action.
	journalofvision.org /5/8/629 (403 words)

	Changes in Efferent and Afferent...
		The reeler mouse cerebral cortex, which is characterized by inversion of the cortex resulting from a disturbance in neuronal migration (6), has efferent connections that arise from appropriate neuronal types irrespective of their laminar location (7–12).
		We have previously shown that freezing injury to the visual cortex resulted in a diminution in volume of the lateral geniculate nucleus, although there were no changes in the size of the neurons (42).
		Efferent connections in the cortex of the reeler mouse are relatively normal despite the inversion of the laminar structure of the cortex (7-12).
	www.nervenet.org /netpapers/rosen/Connect2000/ConnectMain.html (7170 words)

	"The Hûman Parïetal Löbes," by Therial L. Bynum, M.D.
		The principal afferents to the post-Parietal cortex project from the Pulvinar in the posterior Thalamus.
		The Parietal lobe then sends its major projections to the Frontal and Temporal association cortex, as well as to subcortical structures including the Pulvinar and posterior region of the striatum, mid brain, and spinal cord.
		The post-Parietal Cortex is specialized primarily for integrating sensory input from Somatic and Visual regions.
	www.hypnosisforyou.com /parietal.html (507 words)

	Removal and Reimplantation of the Parietal Cortex of Mice During the First Nine Days of Life: Consequences for the ...
		Recently, I have observed that the barrelfields still develop in pieces of parietal cortex that were removed and reimplanted, in the same place and with the original orientation, on the day of birth, or on postnatal days 1 or 3.
		To answer these questions the parietal cortex was removed and reimplanted in the same place with the original orientation, in 79 mice from a C3H strain Fifty-one mice survived and were processed for histology.
		Their brains were cut coronally to facilitate the identification of the limits of the reimplanted cortex and of its cellular layering.
	www.hindawi.com /GetArticle.aspx?doi=10.1155/NP.1989.11 (338 words)

	Storage limits on our visual hard drive
		The fMRI results revealed that activity in the posterior parietal cortex strongly correlated with the number of objects the subjects were able to remember.
		Importantly, the posterior parietal cortex did not respond differently to the number of objects presented in a scene if the participants were not asked to remember what they had seen.
		In contrast, regions of the visual cortex in the occipital lobe did respond differently to the number of objects even in the absence of the memory task.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-04/vu-slo040704.php (538 words)

	Posterior Parietal cortex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It is known that the parietal cortex is involved in the spatial aspects of movement (Ungerleider and Mishkin, 1982).
		Several authors (Kalaska, 1991; Sakata et al., 1997; Seal, 1989; Taira et al., 1990) have reported that the posterior parietal cortex codes kinematic variables of visuo-motor transformations.
		The spread and location of these activity bumps are sensitive parameters that affect the output of the model and are discussed again in the results section.
	www-hbp.usc.edu /_Documentation/DartModel/doc/node6.html (257 words)

	Focus Pocus - - science news articles online technology magazine articles Focus Pocus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Rather, the culprit is the parietal cortex, a small region of the brain behind your ear that aids in concentration.
		Lavie long suspected that the parietal cortex might be involved in this ruse, in part because recent functional-imaging studies hint that this region may be tied to visual awareness.
		In fact, the parietal cortex is critical to auditory and tactile awareness as well as visual concentration, so Lavie's results are likely to have implications for a wide range of activities.
	www.discover.com /issues/dec-05/rd/magic-parietal-cortex (397 words)

	fernridgepress.com \| Video: Autism Neurological Research and Neurodevelopmental Therapy
		Research with PET scans and MRIs of autistic children has pinpointed problem areas in the cerebellum, in the thalamus, in the parietal cortex and the prefrontal cortex.
		The parietal cortex is specifically involved in the brainÕs awareness of our bodies.
		He states that to achieve this feeling, the parietal cortex and the prefrontal cortex need to be put out of commission.
	www.fernridgepress.com /autism.html (2078 words)

	Parietal lobe - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		Parietal lobe - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		Lobes of the Human Brain (Parietal Lobe is shown in orange)
		The parietal lobe plays important roles in integrating sensory information from various senses, and in the manipulation of objects.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Parietal_lobe (612 words)

	Healthline - Search Results For parietal
		Enlarged parietal foramina are characteristic symmetrical, paired radiolucencies of the parietal bones, located close to the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures, caused by deficient ossification around the parietal notch that is...
		Ossification gradually extends in a radial manner from the center toward the margins of the bone; the angles are consequently the parts last formed, and it is here that the fontanelles exist.
		Parietal Cortex Mediates Voluntary Control of Spatial and Nonspatial Auditory Attention Shomstein...
	www.healthline.com /search?q1=parietal (640 words)

	Posterior Parietal Cortex
		The parietal cortex is located roughly 'after' vision and 'before' motor control in the cortical information processing hierarchy.
		They suggest that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which appears to be important for spatial processing and the control of eye movements, may also have a central role in visual attention.
		PPC damage due to stroke often leads to the clinical syndrome of neglect, in which patients seem unable to attend to events in the contralesional hemifield.
	www.physiol.ox.ac.uk /~ket/ppc.html (430 words)

	The Attentional Role of the Left Parietal Cortex: The Distinct Lateralization and Localization of Motor Attention in ...
		The Attentional Role of the Left Parietal Cortex: The Distinct Lateralization and Localization of Motor Attention in the Human Brain -- Rushworth et al.
		The Attentional Role of the Left Parietal Cortex: The Distinct Lateralization and Localization of Motor Attention in the Human Brain
		Parietal attentional system aberrations during target detection in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: event-related FMRI evidence.
	jocn.mitpress.org /cgi/content/abstract/13/5/698 (870 words)

	Damage To Right Parietal Cortex Has Complex Effects
		For example, it has been known for some time that when a stroke damages the right side of the parietal cortex (the upper posterior part of our brain) the result is often "neglect," a bizarre syndrome in which the patient seems unaware of the left side of space.
		This has led scientists to speculate that the right side of the parietal cortex mediates attentional processing of the left visual field.
		Thus, the right parietal cortex would appear to be particularly important for this perceptual illusion.
	unisci.com /stories/20014/1220016.htm (367 words)

	The role of human parietal cortex in attention networks -- Han et al. 127 (3): 650 -- Brain
		His left superior posterior parietal lobe was occupied by angiomas as indicated by the arrows.
		GOm, medial occipital gyrus; GFi = inferior frontal gyrus; GFm = medial frontal gyrus; GPoC = post-central gyrus; LPs = superior parietal lobule.
		Voluntary orienting is dissociated from target detection in human posterior parietal cortex.
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/127/3/650 (4740 words)

	Capacity limit of visual short-term memory in human posterior parietal cortex : Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		With the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show here that this capacity limit is neurally reflected in one node of this network: activity in the posterior parietal cortex is tightly correlated with the limited amount of scene information that can be stored in VSTM.
		These results suggest that the posterior parietal cortex is a key neural locus of our impoverished mental representation of the visual world.
		Transient neural activity in human parietal cortex during spatial attention shifts
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/nature02466 (293 words)

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