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	Commune of Paris - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		COMMUNE OF PARIS [Commune of Paris] insurrectionary governments in Paris formed during (1792) the French Revolution and at the end (1871) of the Franco-Prussian War.
		Communes were also formed and suppressed in other cities in 1871, notably in Saint-Étienne, Le Creusot, and Marseilles, and memories of the bloody Paris repression embittered political relations between radicals and conservatives for many years afterward.
		Memory and the politics of forgetting Paris, the Commune and the 1878 Exposition universelle.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-communep1.html (520 words)

	Paris Commune
		The Commune was installed on the 28th of March and on the 2nd of April Thiers troops began to attack.
		The commune heavily fortified as it was and with a substantial military force at its disposal was able to hold our against Thiers and the army for two months however on the 21st of May the government troops entered Paris.
		Paris in flames was and still often is the most common picture presented of the Commune, the list of buildings destroyed is enormous, some buildings, understandably, like the Prefecture of Police and the Palace of Justice being fired by the Commune, some by the Versailles shells.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/2419/pariscom.html (4300 words)

	Paris Commune - Anarchopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Paris Commune was proclaimed on March 28, although local districts often retained the organizations from the siege.
		The Paris Commune has been celebrated by anarchist and Marxist socialists continuously until the present day, partly due to the variety of tendencies, the high degree of workers' control and the remarkable cooperation among different revolutionists.
		Strong support came also from the large foreign community of political refugees and exiles in Paris: one of them, the Polish ex-officer and fighter for the independence of his country from Russia, Jaroslaw Dombrowski, was to be the Commune's best general.
	eng.anarchopedia.org /Paris_Commune (3051 words)

	Paris Commune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In a formal sense the Paris Commune of 1871 was simply the local authority which exercised power in Paris for two months in the spring of 1871.
		The population of Paris was defiant in the face of occupation — they limited the Prussian presence to a small area of the city and policed the boundary.
		The Commune was assaulted from April 2 by the government forces of the Versailles Army, and the city was constantly bombarded.
	www.paris-walking-tours.com /pariscommune.html (2573 words)

	Paris Commune: Myth vs. Reality
		The Commune called for a national rebellion to overthrow the government and reshape France into a Federation of Communes modelled on the Paris Commune.
		The Commune was therefore to serve as a lever for uprooting the economical foundation upon which rests the existence of classes, and therefore of class rule.
		It also differs from Engels' and Lenin's claim that the commune was a "dictatorship of the proletariat." Marx's second position of 1881, that the Commune 'was in no sense socialist,' is not entirely correct, but its' closer to the truth than the standard radical left myths about the Paris Commune.
	question-everything.mahost.org /History/ParisCommune.html (1807 words)

	Paris Commune - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Paris Commune was proclaimed on 28 March, although local districts often retained the organizations from the siege.
		A plaque honours the dead of the Commune in Père Lachaise cemetery.
		The discovery of a body from the Paris Commune buried in the Opera, led Gaston Leroux to write the tale of The Phantom of the Opera.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paris_Commune (4397 words)

	LaCommune_PeterWatkins
		The Paris Commune has always been severely marginalized by the French education system, despite - or perhaps because of - the fact that it is a key event in the history of the European working class, and when we first met, most of the cast admitted that they knew little or nothing about the subject.
		It was very important that the people become directly involved in our research on the Paris Commune, thereby gaining an experiential process in analyzing those aspects of the current French system which are failing in their responsibility to provide citizens with a truly democratic and participatory process.
		As a consequence [we have] a film on the idea of the Commune, on this idea which is always living, where we see the Paris uprising not as a failure but as the beginning of a reflection, the beginning of a conception of solidarity and commitment.
	www.mnsi.net /~pwatkins/commune.htm (10451 words)

	1871: The Paris Commune \| libcom.org
		The fact that the majority of Paris had organised itself without support from the state and was urging the rest of the world to do the same was pretty exciting.
		In the words of the most famous anarchist of the time, Mikhail Bakunin, the Paris Commune was a “clearly formulated negation of the state”.
		The legacy of the Commune lived on, however, and "Vive la commune!" ("Long live the Commune!" was painted over on the walls of Paris during the 1968 uprising, and not for the last time we can be sure...
	libcom.org /history/articles/paris-commune-1871 (743 words)

	The Paris Commune of 1871
		On 18 March 1871, the Commune of Paris was declared.
		By 15 September 1870, the advanced guard of the Crown Prince's army was within 10 miles of Paris and on the 17th a pontoon bridge was thrown across the Seine at Villeneuve-St-George.
		The aim of the besiegers was the reduction of the city by famine, while the only course of defence practicable to the besieged was to pierce the investing lines and establish communication with the relief army on the Loire [where the French national government had fled in advance of the German armies].
	www.paris.org /Kiosque/may01/commune.html (2232 words)

	the paris commune
		In 1871 the workers of Paris were "ready to storm heaven," or so said Karl Marx, the founder of modern communism.
		Paris was filled with people going to theater, concerts, museums, listening to street corner speeches, reading books and the many newspapers that stuffed the news racks.
		For six weeks, Paris was bombarded by the Versailles government, at the same time as it was surrounded by Prussian troops.
	www.geocities.com /youth4sa/commune.html (2516 words)

	The Paris Commune
		The Paris Commune was elected on March 26 and remained in power for only two months.
		The undeveloped state of industry in Paris at the time meant that these delegates were elected to the Commune by neighborhood.
		The Commune abolished conscription and the standing army; it decreed the separation of church and state; it began to devise plans to reopen factories under the control of the workers in them; and it abolished night work for bakers.
	www.socialistworker.org /2002-2/433/433_10_ParisCommune.shtml (550 words)

	The Paris Commune
		On March 30, the Commune abolished the draft and the standing army and declared that the National Guard, made up of ordinary citizens, was the sole legitimate armed force of Paris.
		Foreigners elected to the Commune were confirmed in office since "the flag of the Commune is the flag of the World Republic," the representatives declared.
		On the 130th anniversary of the Paris Commune, socialists can still take inspiration from the Communards and their heroic effort to make a society worthy of humanity.
	www.socialistworker.org /2001/371/371_13_ParisCommune.shtml (968 words)

	The Paris Commune (1871) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Cannons left over from he siege of Paris were taken to various parts of Paris.
		The insurgents found Paris open for the taking, but the main concern of the National Guard Central committee was to "legalise" it's situation by divesting itself of the power that had so unexpectedly fallen into its hands.
		Firemen had been sent to try and put it out but they were unsuccessful, and its huge red and fl plumes from masses and masses of documents rose into the sky showering the city with a fine rain of charred paper.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/talks/paris.html (4360 words)

	Theses on the Paris Commune (Debord, Kotanyi & Vaneigem)
		Engels’s remark, “Look at the Paris Commune — that was the dictatorship of the proletariat,”; should be taken seriously in order to reveal what the dictatorship of the proletariat is not (the various forms of state dictatorship over the proletariat in the name of the proletariat).
		The Commune’s mass of unaccomplished acts enabled its tentative actions to be turned into “atrocities” and their memory to be censored.
		The audacity and inventiveness of the Commune must obviously be measured not in relation to our time, but in terms of the political, intellectual and moral attitudes of its own time, in terms of the solidarity of all the common assumptions that it blasted to pieces.
	www.bopsecrets.org /SI/Pariscommune.htm (1205 words)

	Paris Commune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Paris Commune was the first historical application of the program circulated in 1848: "The proletarians of Paris, amidst the failures and treasons of the ruling classes, have understood that the hour has struck for them to save the situation by taking into their own hands the direction of public affairs....
		The Paris Commune was certainly a State, but a State of a particular type: "It was essentially a working-class government, the produce of the struggle of the producing against the appropriating class, the political form at last discovered under which to work out the economic emancipation of labour."
		The Commune took a whole series of social measures: "the abolition of the nightwork of journeymen bakers, the prohibition, under penalty, of the employers' practice to reduce wages by levying upon their workpeople fines under manifold pretexts." But, Marx said, "the great social measure of the Commune was its own working existence.
	www.mltranslations.org /France/pariscom.htm (3985 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Martyrs of the Paris Commune
		The revolutionary party which took possession of the city after the siege of Paris by the Prussians began, in the last days of March, to arrest the priests and religious to whom personal character or official position gave a certain prominence.
		This revolutionary party still held possession of the east of Paris, but the regular army, whose headquarters were at Versailles, was fast approaching, and the leaders of the Commune, made desperate by failure, wished to inflict what evil they could on an enemy they no longer hoped to conquer.
		The excitement and anarchy that reigned in Paris, and the insults that were levelled at the prisoners as they were led from one prison to another prepared them for the worst; they made their confession and prepared for death.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04168a.htm (967 words)

	Paris Kiosque - Last Stand of the Paris Commune - November 2002
		In Paris, 84 deputies were expelled from the legislature, and elsewhere, 32 departments were put under martial law.
		The defense of Paris by the Commune was finished on Sunday, 28.
		This is the headquarters of 'Les Amis de la Commune de Paris,' which is a non-profit organization dedicated to keeping the memory of it alive and the facts about it straight.
	www.paris.org /Kiosque/nov02/726reds.html (2541 words)

	Paris Commune (French Revolution) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Paris Commune during the French Revolution was the government of Paris from 1789 until 1795, and especially from 1792 until 1795.
		The first mayor was Jean Sylvain Bailly; he was succeeded in November 1791 by Pétion de Villeneuve, after Bailly's unpopular use of the National Guard, to disperse a riotous assembly in the Champ-de-Mars (July 17, 1791).
		During the ensuing constitutional crisis, the collapsing Legislative Assembly of France was heavily dependent on the Commune for the effective power that allowed it to continue to function as a legislature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paris_Commune_(French_Revolution) (205 words)

	History of the Paris Commune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Marx explains the revolutionary achievements of the Paris Commune and the reaction to it by the French government of Thiers.
		Prosper Olivier Lissagaray was a participant in the Paris Commune and his critical eye-witness account was published in French in 1876.
		Written by Jenny Marx, this document describes her escape from France after the fall of the Paris Commune; after the massacres of over 30,000 workers, and the mass arrests of more than 38,000 workers.
	www.marxists.org /history/france/paris-commune (593 words)

	Commune of Paris. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		insurrectionary governments in Paris formed during (1792) the French Revolution and at the end (1871) of the Franco-Prussian War.
		During the reign of terror, several leaders of the commune, such as Hébert, were executed (1794), and when the moderates gained control of the Convention (1794–95), they broke the commune’s power.
		The fighting, which intensified over five weeks, culminated in Bloody Week (21–28 May), during which the Versailles troops entered the city despite the desperate but ineffective defense of the communards, who threw up barricades, shot hostages (including the archbishop of Paris), and burned the Tuileries palace, the city hall, and the palace of justice.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/CommuneP.html (390 words)

	La Commune
		When he tackles a historical moment of such magnitude as the Paris Commune of 1871, Watkins provokes, disturbs, jostles.
		La Commune is the name given to the French revolutionary government established by the people of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871).
		The radicals established a proletarian government in Paris, called the Central Committee of the National Guard, and set March 26 as the date for the election of a municipal council.
	www.frif.com /new2002/la.html (647 words)

	The Paris Commune
		In remembering the hallowed place in revolutionary history that is rightfully accorded to the Paris Commune of 1871, leftists frequently disengage the most crucial catalyst out of which the Paris Commune was born: the Franco-Prussian war, and the betrayal of French national rights by the government of big capitalists of Thiers.
		It was thus that the Paris Commune was born: in the heat of the national struggle, the bourgeoisie took unprincipled capitulationist stands while the representatives of the French working class took the most principled ones.
		But now, when peace had come after the capitulation of Paris, now, Thiers, the new head of government, was compelled to realize that the supremacy of the propertied classes — large landowners and capitalists — was in constant danger so long as the workers of Paris had arms in their hands.
	www.freearabvoice.org /articles/TheParisCommune.htm (3333 words)

	The Siege of Paris - Northwestern University Library Special Collections
		This site contains links to over 1200 digitized photographs and images recorded during the Siege and Commune of Paris cir.1871.
		In addition to the images in this set, the Library's Siege & Commune Collection contains 1500 caricatures, 68 newspapers in hard-copy and film, hundreds of books and pamphlets and about 1000 posters.
		The originals are located in the Charles Deering McCormick of Special Collections in the Deering Library at Northwestern University.
	www.library.northwestern.edu /spec/siege (212 words)

	Paris Commune History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Bakunin: The Paris Commune and the Idea of the State
		Des anarchistes et de la Commune de Paris, Joël Delhom
		From Revolution to Revolution: An Address in Memory of the Paris Commune of 1871, by George D. Herron
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /anarchist_archives/pariscommune/Pariscommunehistory.html (88 words)

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