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Topic: Paris Gun

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	First World War.com - Primary Documents - British Press Report on the Paris Gun, June 1918
		Paris was startled by a heavy shell falling in the town at 7.30 a.m.
		All three gun emplacements were on the reverse slope of a wooded hill known as the Mont de Joie, between the Laon-La Fere railway and the Laon-La Fere road, where they were hidden by the trees.
		When a big gun was fired a number of 17 cm guns in its neighbourhood were simultaneously let off so as to cover the sound of the larger explosion, and whenever the French aviators were seen approaching, the anti-aircraft guns were brought into action and volumes of smoke also discharged to render observation difficult.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/parisgun_pressreport.htm (873 words)

	Paris Gun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the largest gun used during the war, and is considered to be a supergun.
		The Paris Gun was the largest gun ever built for its time, only to be surpassed in all respects but range in World War II by the Schwerer Gustav.
		The gun was fired from the forest of Coucy and the first shell landed at 7.18 a.m.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paris_Gun (988 words)

	Paris Gun
		The Paris Gun was a weapon like no other, capable of hurling a 94-kg shell to a range of 130 km and a maximum altitude of 40 km – the greatest height reached by a human-made projectile until the first successful V-2 flight test in October 1942.
		The gun itself, which weighed 256 tons and was mounted on rails, had a 28-m-long, 210-mm-caliber rifled barrel with a 6-m-long smoothbore extension.
		As a military weapon the gun not a great success: the payload was minuscule, the barrel had to be regularly replaced, and the accuracy was only good enough for city-sized targets.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/P/Paris_Gun.html (340 words)

	Railway gun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A railway gun (also called railroad gun, and formerly called a railgun during World War I and World War II) is a large artillery piece, designed to be placed on rail tracks.
		The first railway guns of record were constructed and used during the American Civil War.
		Many countries have built railway guns, but the best known are the large Krupp-built pieces used by Germany in World War I and World War II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Railway_gun (200 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - The Paris Gun
		The Paris Gun - properly called the Kaiser Wilhelm Geschutz - was so-named for its sole purpose of shelling Paris from extreme distances starting from March 1918.
		A behemoth, the Paris Gun - regarded by many as the ancestor to the German V3 - was capable of firing shells into the stratosphere from locations as far as 131km from Paris.
		Casualties of the gun's use ran to 256 deaths and 620 wounded, with 88 killed and 68 wounded on Good Friday 1918 alone when a shell landed on the church of St. Sepulchre, causing its collapse while a service was in progress.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/parisgun.htm (429 words)

	Paris Gun
		The Paris Gun of World War I could hurl a 120 kg shell with 7 kg of explosive to a range of 131 km and an altitude of 40 km.
		The Paris Gun of World War I (called by the Germans the Kaiser Wilhelm Gun and often incorrectly termed Lange Max or Big Bertha, two completely different guns) was the direct ancestor of the V-3.
		Seven 21-cm guns were made, using bored-out 38-cm naval guns fitted with special 40 m long inserted barrels.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/parisgun.htm (784 words)

	Space Guns
		The Paris Gun fired a 106 kilogram shell, driven by an explosive charge of 200 kilograms that produced an acceleration of 7,500 gees and a muzzle velocity of almost 6,000 kilometers per hour.
		The gun's maximum range was 126 kilometers, with the shell reaching a peak altitude of almost 42 kilometers during its three minutes of flight.
		One such alternative is the light gas gun, which was invented in the postwar period as a means of performing hypersonic experiments with missile warhead reentry vehicle designs, and studying the risks of space debris to spacecraft.
	www.fas.org /news/iraq/1998/05/980500-bull.htm (2250 words)

	A Brief History of the Paris Guns of 1918 by Roger Todd
		This monster siege gun was the brainchild of Prof Fritz Rausenberger, and was a light-weight, mobile version of the 42cm Gamma mortar, itself a development of coastal defence artillery.
		The Paris Guns wore out after around 60 to 70 rounds, at which point they went back to the Krupp works to be bored out and have larger calibre replacement liners fitted (range was reduced by around 25km).
		Operational guns used the railway type mounting as seen on the Long Max, which were lowered onto, and then bolted to, a circular turntable on a concrete emplacement [figure: artist impression of operational mounting].
	www.landships.freeservers.com /parisgun_history.htm (2953 words)

	[4.0] Space Guns
		The gun's maximum range was 126 kilometers, with the shell reaching a peak altitude of almost 42 kilometers during its three minutes of flight; the Paris Gun's shells were the first objects ever sent by humans out of the Earth's atmosphere and into space.
		Large naval guns, coastal guns, and railroad guns were developed between the wars and used in World War II, but although these guns fired very big shells, they had nowhere near the range of the Paris Gun.
		The Oberth-Valier space gun was 900 meters long and was built onto the side of a tall mountain to reduce the amount of atmosphere the projectile had to plow through.
	www.vectorsite.net /tarokt_4.html (6181 words)

	Gun-launched
		To eliminate the compression of air in the barrel during acceleration, it was proposed that the barrel itself be evacuated to a near-vacuum, with a metal seal at the top of the barrel.
		The 7 inch gun launcher was created by smooth boring a 175 mm gun and extending it in a similar manner as the 5 inch gun system.
		The 7 inch guns filled the altitude gap between the maximum 5 inch gun altitude and the minimal attractive altitude for 16 inch gun probes.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/lvfam/gunnched.htm (3072 words)

	Paris by night (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		When people do acquire Paris by night guns now, the motivation is Paris by night more likely self-defense than in the past: Paris by night The mix of new firearms sold in 1994 was acquired by its Paris by night present owner in 1981, with the average handgun having been acquired in 1983.
		But what engenders the most public controversy over Paris by night firearms is their Paris by night use against people during either the commission of or defense against Paris by night crime.
		Gun Paris by night advocates regard firearms Paris by night as an important crime deterrent and Paris by night source of protection, while control advocates denounce guns for the damage they do in the hands of criminals.
	g.fineks.info /Paris-by-night.html (529 words)

	The Gun Zone -- Paris Theodore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Paris Theodore was an American inventor of innovative gun holsters and state-of-the-art firearms and shooting techniques used by government agents and police departments in the U.S. and abroad, as well as by the fictional
		Furthermore, during a time when large handguns were the weapons of choice among gun owners, the ASP would be considered one of the first to combine power with small size–criteria that would later become standard for law enforcement worldwide.
		It is uncontested that Paris Theodore created the ASP pistol, although exactly for whom he created it may be open to debate.
	www.thegunzone.com /people/paris_theodore.html (1777 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Photo Archive: Big Guns of the Great War
		These were monster guns for the time, in the 12 to 16 inch class (these would grow larger over the course of the war).
		It is interesting to note that several of the large siege guns used against the Belgian fortifications had to be set in concrete before they could be fired due to their massive recoil.
		The gun could be moved relatively quickly along the rail system and the recoil could be dispersed by allowing the carriage to hurtle down the tracks (sometimes up to 100 feet).
	www.worldwar1.com /pharc005.htm (1175 words)

	One35th presents - 21cm KE other similar type of German railway guns
		The 21cm Paris Geschütz (Paris Gun) of 1918 had been developed by Krupp at the request of the German navy, and it was manned and controlled during its short but spectacular life by naval personnel.
		To absorb the recoil the gun was mounted in a ring cradle with a hydro pneumatic recoil system and the mounting incorporated two more hydro pneumatic systems connected to the two sub frames, so that the entire girder section was capable of recoiling some 980mm (38.58") rearwards across the sub frames.
		Provision was made to disconnect the gun from its recoil system and pull the barrel back some 1500mm in the cradle, reducing the overall length and improving the weight distribution, so that when traveling the entire equipment was manoeuverable within the standard loading gauge and track curvature.
	www.one35th.com /model/k5/k5_21cmke.htm (810 words)

	Gun-launched
		Artillery dominated military ballistics from the earliest use of gunpowder in guns and rockets.
		This was to prove the feasibility of using large guns for launch of scientific and military payloads on sub-orbital and orbital trajectories.
		The gun was never completed and was disassembled by the United Nations after Iraq's defeat in the Gulf War.
	www.astronautix.com /lvfam/gunnched.htm (1117 words)

	One35th presents the 28cm K5 railway gun - Eisenbahngeschutz - History of Railway artillery and the K5 Eisenbahn
		The Railway gun has always been particularly attractive to a continental army, since its allows heavy support weapons to be moved rapidly across the country in time of need.
		Pushing the gun mounting along a curved track obviously changed the direction of fire and this was done for coarse pointing, the fine laying being done by the small on-mounting traverse.
		German railway guns fell into two broad groups, those that were the result of long-term development and those that were hurriedly produced as a result so called Sofort-Programm (Crash programme) initiated in 1936 with the object of providing a sizable force of railway guns by the summer of 1939.
	www.one35th.com /model/k5/k5_hist01.htm (967 words)

	The Gun Zone -- Paris Theodore, Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Paris pretty much lived off other people in between his "stints of inventing." He took tobacco heiress Doris Duke for a few hundred thousand dollars because she loved being around exciting people, and was enamored with his character.
		He is very defensive about Paris, although he does admit that Paris had a terrible knack for choosing some of the people he trusted.
		Paris Theodore was really responsible for my being in the business.
	www.thegunzone.com /people/paris_theodore2.html (1719 words)

	42cm Mörser M-Gerät Dicke Bertha Big Bertha
		The new gun was to use the shell from the Gamma-Gerät, and also be lighter and easier to transport.
		The new gun was first tested in 1913, and it weighed only 42.6 tons in firing position.
		The other gun was captured by the US Army and taken back to the United States, where it was tested and evaluated at the Army's Ordnance Range at Aberdeen, Maryland (see photos).
	www.landships.freeservers.com /42cm_bigbertha.htm (1082 words)

	Girlfriend in gun spree makes final plea for mercy
		LAWYERS for Florence Rey, the student who went on a killing spree with her boyfriend in Paris, attempted to convince a court yesterday that she was no brutal murderer but a confused victim of misdirected passion.
		She stressed that Rey had been brought up in a stifling environment, and that her father was mentally ill, claiming to hear voices, which the family refused to discuss or acknowledge.
		Rey has spent four years in prison, writing poetry and plays, helping the other inmates and acting in all respects like the model student and daughter she used to be before taking up five years ago with Maupin, a 21-year-old self-styled anarchist.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/10/01/wgun01.html (528 words)

	Big Berta (WWI Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Probably the most discussed of all of the big guns of the Great War is the infamous Paris Gun.
		Also known as Lange Max (Long Max), Big Bertha (not to be confused with the 42cm Krupp howitzer given the same nick name) and William’s Gun; this gun was strategic, rather than tactical in nature, in that it was a terror weapon meant to demoralize the citizens of Paris.
		On the down side, the payload was only 15 pounds of explosive, accuracy was non-existent (you could hit Paris but not a specific target in Paris), and the whole gun would have to be rebored after 65 firings.
	www.physics.ohio-state.edu /~durkin/phys111/bigbertha.html (138 words)

	CNN.com - Fury over Paris gun suspect death - March 28, 2002
		NANTERRE, France -- Prosecutors in Paris have opened an inquiry into the apparent suicide of a man arrested 24-hours earlier in connection with the murders of eight politicians.
		Richard Durn, 33, scrambled through a fourth-floor window at the Quai des Orfevres, headquarters of the Paris Criminal Brigade on Thursday, despite his interrogators' efforts to hold him back by the legs, a police statement said.
		The suspect, who was of Yugoslav origin, had no criminal record and had a permit for his guns, which he had bought in 1997 and used for recreational shooting, prosecutors said.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/france/03/28/france.shooting/index.html (670 words)

	About Facts Net
		But this gun was more hype than anything else because its shell only carried 15 pounds of explosives and you couldn't aim the gun at that distance.
		The reason it was called the Paris gun was you could aim it at Paris and they did, but that was the best you could do.
		Some of the big guns the Germans used had to be set into cement before they could be fired because of their massive recoils.
	aboutfacts.net /Weapons30.htm (1146 words)

	World's Largest Gun - Popular Mechanics
		Not as mobile as it appeared, the Gustav Gun was a logistical nightmare.
		The guns used bored-out, 380mm naval cannons, each fitted with barrels that were 131 ft. long.
		Though the Paris Gun had little impact on the outcome of World War I, it was a high-priority target for Allied troops.
	www.popularmechanics.com /science/extreme_machines/1280861.html (449 words)

	World Affairs Board - The greatest GIANT guns ever built...
		When all was in readiness, a telephone call was made, and thirty artillery batteries in the area around the Paris gun were fired in sequence before, during, and after the mighty gun spoke.
		After the war many efforts were made to find the gun, but Krupp wouldn't say, and Krupp's workers, normally willing to answer any question, kept their silence about the greatest gun in the world to their dying days.
		Some say the gun was hidden, buried under rubbish at the Krupp's works, against the day germany would need her again.
	www.worldaffairsboard.com /printthread.php?t=173 (1001 words)

	Advanced Gun System (AGS) Vertical Gun for Advanced Ships (VGAS)
		The Advanced Gun System (AGS) AGS is a 155mm Gun Weapon System planned for installation in the DD-21 Land-Attack Destroyers to provide high-volume, sustainable fires in support of amphibious operations and the joint land battle.
		The Paris Gun's payload was only 15 pounds of explosive, accuracy was non-existent (it could hit Paris but not a specific target in Paris), and the barrels had to be rebored after 65 firings.
		Associated with the gun are gunfire control functionality integrated into the DD 21 Total Ship Computing Environment (TSCE), an automated magazine, and low-radar and IR signatures for the gun and barrel.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/systems/ags.htm (879 words)

	World's Largest Gun - Popular Mechanics
		In quick succession, the gun crumbled the forts that were vainly defending the city.
		A duplicate gun, named for the chief engineer's wife, Dora, saw action only briefly and was destroyed to prevent its capture by the Russian army.
		The gun was to have two possible purposes: It could shoot finned arrow shells to record distances, or launch a projectile into space.
	www.popularmechanics.com /science/extreme_machines/1280861.html?page=2&c=y (703 words)

	ORDNANCE Continuation Page 1
		The Paris Gun, however, was a direct ancestor of the both the German WWII V-3 and the HARP guns and so is covered here (as on the Astronautics and Apocalypse sites).
		There were three guns emplaced around paris (see map) and they fired 351 rounds, of which only a few did any major damage, but even though they were almost impossible to aim precisely and only fired a 7Kg (15½#) warhead, they did manage to kill 256 souls and wound 620.
		A workable 1926 concept by rocket pioneers Max Valier and Hermann Oberth for a version of the Verne gun, with multiple combustion chambers, to be emplaced in a tall mountain and which, as modified by Willy Ley and Baron von Pirquet in 1929, would form the basis for the WWII V-3.
	home.att.net /~Berliner-Ultrasonics/ordsuper.html (2138 words)

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