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	Particles and parity - 18 November 2006 - New Scientist
		Parity is a somewhat subtle mathematical concept concerned with the positions and motions of groups of elementary particles such as protons, neutrons, electrons, neutrinos, mesons and others, including the recently discovered "anti" particles.
		Parity is a measure of the appearance of a group of these particles if their positions and motions only are seen reflected in a mirror, leaving their directions of spin unchanged.
		The law of conservation of parity states that, if an isolated group of elementary particles, whatever the size of the group, is fragmented, then the parity of all the fragments together is the same as that of the original group.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg19225780.009-particles-and-parity.html (784 words)

	Parity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to quantum mechanics, the conservation of this parity is equivalent to the laws of physics being invariant under mirror reflection.
		It has been found that parity is not conserved in the weak force and so the weak force is not invariant under mirror reflection.
		The 'parity of a permutation (as defined in abstract algebra) is the parity (even or odd) of the number of transpositions into which the permutation can be decomposed.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Parity (395 words)

	Parity (physics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a two-dimensional plane, parity is the same as a rotation by 180 degrees.
		If we can show that the vacuum state is invariant under parity (P0>=0>), the Hamiltonian is parity invariant ([H,P]=0) and the quantization conditions remain unchanged under parity, then it follows that every state has good parity, and this parity is conserved in any reaction.
		To show that quantum electrodynamics is invariant under parity, we have to prove that the action is invariant and the quantization is also invariant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intrinsic_parity (1156 words)

	Parity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to quantum mechanics, the conservation of this parity is equivalent to the laws of physicsbeing invariant under mirror reflection.
		Examples: the parity of the value 10111101 is even (there are 6 '1' bits); the parity of the value 01110011 isodd (there are 5 '1' bits).
		The parity bit is 'stripped off' before the data is used, thus a seven-bitcharacter (or data value) requires eight bits to transmit or store - the seven data bits and the parity bit.
	www.therfcc.org /parity-64443.html (346 words)

	Intrinsic parity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In physics, in particular quantum mechanics, the intrinsic parity is a phase factor that arises as an eigenvalue of the parity operation (a reflection about the origin).
		Therefore the intristic parity's phase is a conserved quantity as was to be shown.
		Parity An overview of Parity in quantum mechanics and of the ways to break quantum mechanical symmetry.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Intrinsic_parity.html (334 words)

	Parity
		The parity of permutation s (as defined in abstract algebra) is the parity (even or odd) of the number of transposition s into which the permutation can be decomposed.
		The Fall of Parity - Experiments in 1956 demonstrate that our world is distinguishable from its mirror image.
		Parity - An overview of Parity in quantum mechanics and of the ways to break quantum mechanical symmetry.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Parity.html (726 words)

	Parity (physics) - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In physics, particles have a quantum mechanical property of parity.
		The corresponding physical quantity is either equal to +1 or -1 and the parity of a composite system is the product of the parities of the individual subsystems: parity is a multiplicative quantity.
		A gamma polarimeter for neutron polarization measurement in a liquid deuterium target for parity violation in polarized neutron capture on deuterium.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /parity_(physics).htm (256 words)

	Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking
		Jacobi's canonical transformation theory, although introduced for the “merely instrumental” purpose of solving dynamical problems, led to a very important line of research: the general study of physical theories in terms of their transformation properties.
		The diffeomorphism freedom of GTR, i.e., the invariance of the form of the laws under transformations of the coordinates depending smoothly on arbitrary functions of space and time, is a “local” spacetime symmetry, in contrast to the “global” spacetime symmetries of STR (which depend instead on constant parameters).
		Parity was introduced in quantum physics in 1927 in a paper by Wigner, where important spectroscopic results were explained for the first time on the basis of a group-theoretic treatment of permutation, rotation and reflection symmetries.
	setis.library.usyd.edu.au /stanford/entries/symmetry-breaking (9808 words)

	Parity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parity is a concept of equality of or functional equivalence.
		The parity of permutations (as defined in abstract algebra) is the parity (even or odd) of the number transpositions into which the permutation can be For example (ABC) to (BCA) is even it can be done by swapping A B then C and A (two transpositions).
		Parity is sometimes used for error checking to the fact that it may be easily however much-more robust error checking methods
	www.freeglossary.com /Parity_laws (472 words)

	Definition of parity
		Parity is even if there are an even number of '1' bits,...
		Thus the intrinsic parity is a phase factor.
		Therefore the intristic parity's phase is a conserved quantity as was to be show...
	www.wordiq.com /search/parity.html (621 words)

	Parity
		Parity is an important idea in quantum mechanics because the wavefunctions which represent particles can behave in different ways upon transformation of the coordinate system which describes them.
		In a famous experiment by C. Wu, the non-conservation of parity in beta decay was demonstrated.
		The electromagnetic and strong interactions are invariant under the parity transformation.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/quantum/parity.html (433 words)

	parity (computing) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about parity (computing) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For example, the binary code 1000001, commonly used to represent the character ‘A’, has even parity because it contains two 1s, and the binary code 1000011, commonly used to represent the character ‘C’, has odd parity because it contains three 1s.
		A parity bit (0 or 1) is sometimes added to each binary representation to give all the same parity so that a validation check can be carried out each time data are transferred from one part of the computer to another.
		If any bit in these codes should be altered in the course of processing the parity would change and the error would be quickly detected.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /parity+(computing) (252 words)

	Parity violation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Otherwise known as parity conservation, this symmetry principle maintains that fundamental processes should be the same under a spatial inversion of all vector parameters.
		In such a transformation, position vectors (for example) are reflected through the origin and motion vectors such as momentum are reversed.
		Despite the astounding progress that has been made in the understanding of the fundamental forces over the past fifty years, the origin of parity violation in the weak interaction is still not understood and remains one of the mysteries of modern science.
	pearl1.lanl.gov /external/c-nr/atom/parity.shtml (289 words)

	Breast Cancer Research \| Full text \| Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I obliterates the pregnancy-associated protection ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We argue that tumor initiation (transformation and fixation of mutations) may be similar in parous and age-matched virgin animals, suggesting that the main differences in tumor formation lie in differences in tumor progression caused by the altered hormonal environment associated with parity.
		For example, parity in women causes a persistent reduction in the concentration of prolactin in serum [10,11], and similarly parous rats have a significantly reduced circulating concentration of growth hormone (GH) as compared with nulliparous, age-matched animals [2].
		However, when transformed epithelial cells are transplanted into cleared fat pads of virgin and parous hosts, the hormonal environment of the virgin hosts is significantly more favorable for growth of the transformed cells than that of the parous animals [36].
	www.breast-cancer-research.com /content/6/4/R423 (6830 words)

	Parity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parity is a property important in the quantum-mechanical description of a physical system.
		For either parity the physical observables, which depend on the square of the wave function, are unchanged.
		This law of the conservation of parity was explicitly formulated in the early 1930s by the Hungarian-born physicist Eugene P. Wigner and became an intrinsic part of quantum mechanics.
	abyss.uoregon.edu /~js/glossary/parity.html (424 words)

	Eotvos and Novel Equivalence Principle Tests
		Parity is a spatial reflection and parity is not a QFT symmetry!
		Parity is an absolutely discrete symmetry that cannot be approximated by a Taylor series or a sum of infinitesimals.
		As the diameter decreases the parity divergence decreases.
	www.mazepath.com /uncleal/eotvos.htm (7763 words)

	Parity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a computer memory, the parity of a number is often stored as an extra bit to verify the reliability of the memory.
		parity (telecommunication): In this usage, the number of '1' bits in the binary value is counted.
		In medicine, parity is defined as the number of pregnancies that a woman delivers past 24 weeks.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Parity.htm (235 words)

	materials science 01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parity is maximally violated in weak interaction: only left-handed fermions take part in the interaction.
		Then parity violation is a consequence of the spontaneous breakdown of this symmetry.
		In contrast to the standard model, parity is not violated to 100% and right-handed neutrinos would be reminiscent of the initial symmetry.
	www.ill.fr /AR-97/page/27nucle.htm (1124 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is known as a parity transformation, and is designated by the symbol P.
		This is known as the charge conjugation transformation, and we refer to it using the symbol C.
		For example, the universe is invariant under spatial transformations - the laws are the same at any location, and it's impossible to tell whether the universe has undergone a spatial transformation.
	www.physics.uc.edu /~kayk/cpviol/CP_A2a.html (290 words)

	Theory: Parity
		A parity transformation about that origin would relocate the object at a point found by flipping that position vector so it goes the same distance from the origin but in exactly the opposite direction.
		One of the big surprises of the 1950s was the recognition that parity invariance is not true for weak interactions.
		Parity reverses the travel direction without reversing the direction of rotation -- a left-handed particle turns into a right-handed particle.
	www.incywincy.com /default?catid=83468&cached=www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/theory/parity.html (416 words)

	EPC 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The purpose of the study is to estimate the changes in Russian cohort fertility in point of view parity analysis, and to study some factors of differences in fertility (female employment, level of education, nationality, etc.).
		Distribution of population (2002) by age and parity share are constructed for all women, for married women, for occupied women to compare the parity-progression schedules.
		The changes in Russian fertility for the cohorts born from 1930 to 1965 developed both decreasing of total level of fertility (TF from 2,18 to 1,66) and the transformation in parity distribution that produce shift of the probability-mass function for cohorts 1930-1965 in Russia.
	www.infostat.sk /vdc/epc2006/submission60535.html (341 words)

	Parity - Case Study - The Department for Work & Pensions
		Parity developed a Competency Framework for approximately 140 job roles.
		These job roles were mapped to the SFIA framework (skills and levels); potential learning and development interventions were identified encompassing: e-learning, self study, coaching, classroom courses and on-the-job experience; verification was conducted by an independent Learning Consultant and final review and assessment was carried out by the DWP of the populated framework.
		The Parity Consultants were responsible for monitoring the industry practice competency definitions including BCS, SFIA, OGC, CIPS etc.
	www.parity.net /aboutparity/newsandmediacentre/casestudies/thedepartmentforworkandpensions (353 words)

	A short introduction to quantum field theory
		The transformations are shown for the velocity boost v in z-direction.
		The determinant of this matrix is −1, contrary to the matrices of the Lorentz transformation, which have determinant equal +1.
		However unlike parity transformation, time reversal must be an anti-unitary transformation - it must act upon complex conjugate of a function.
	www.phys.au.dk /subatom/nucltheo/QFT/Notes/qft.html (2796 words)

	Antiparticle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A particle's wave function can be changed to that of its antiparticle by applying the charge conjugation, parity, and time reversal(which, contrary to the name, involves complex conjugation in addition to replacing t with -t) operations.
		Obviously orbital angular momentum is negated, since r X p transforms into (-r) X (p), where X is the cross product and r instead of x is the position(since we are now considering multiple dimensions).
		The intrinsic parity is unchanged, since C, P, and T all commute, thus [P,CPT]=0.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/antiparticle (1600 words)

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	www.parity.net /aboutparity (214 words)

	Pater's Numerical Physics & Bible Dictionary - Physics Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parity is a property important in the quantum-mechanical description of a physical system.
		For either parity the physical observables, which depend on the square of the wave function, are unchanged.
		This law of the conservation of parity was explicitly formulated in the early 1930s by the Hungarian-born physicist Eugene P. Wigner and became an intrinsic part of quantum mechanics.
	www.6pater6father6.org /?page=973&task=displayDefinition&definition=parity.html (478 words)

	Photon
		The parity of the electric field, magnetic field and vector potential could be redefined.
		These states are parity eigenstates, angular momentum eigenstates and split the transverse and longitudinal pieces.
		The typical expression for the photon field with multipole moments is consistent with the simple statement that the spatial part provide a parity that depends on L, the spin produces a + parity and an overall intrinsic parity has to added to maintain the standard conventions.
	csma31.csm.jmu.edu /physics/giovanetti/particlePhysics/Photonparity.htm (661 words)

	Antiparticle
		The kinetic momentum is negated by the parity, and the potentials are replaced with their mappings under a parity transformation, giving.
		Total angular momentum must also be negated as seen from the commutation relations such as which transforms under complex conjugation to, etc. Spin is thus also negated(note the spin quantum number is the same as it expresses the magnitude alone).
		The intristic parity is unchanged, since C, P, and T all commute, thus [P,CPT]=0.
	www.pheeds.com /info/guide/a/an/antiparticle.html?ronzta (1450 words)

	Charge, Parity, and Time Reversal (CPT) Symmetry
		This is in effect a parity transformation (although a true P transformation should reverse all three spatial axes instead of only one).
		Until 1957 it was believed that the laws of physics were invariant under parity transformations and that no physics experiment could show a preference for left-handedness or right-handedness.
		Wu and her collaborators found that when a specific nucleus was placed in a magnetic field, electrons from the beta decay were preferentially emitted in the direction opposite that of the aligned angular momentum of the nucleus.
	www.lbl.gov /abc/wallchart/chapters/05/2.html (1109 words)

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