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	PARIS - LoveToKnow Article on PARIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The altitude of Paris varies between 80 ft. (at the Point du Jour, the exit of the Seine from the fortifications) and 420 ft. at the hill of Montmartre in the north of the city; the other chief eminence is the hill of Ste Genevieve, on the left bank.
		The springs of the Dhuis, to the east of Paris, whence the water is conveyed by an aqueduct 82 m in length to a reservoir in the quarter of Mnilmontant.
		Paris is also the seat of the central council of the Reformed Church and of the executive committee of the General Synod of the Lutheran Church, and forms a consistory of both these churches, whose adherents together number about 90,000.
	24.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PA/PARIS.htm (19071 words)

	Parlement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally, there was only the Parlement of Paris, born out of the king's council (Latin: Curia Regis) in 1307, and located inside the medieval royal palace, now the Paris Hall of Justice.
		However, the Parlement of Paris had the largest jurisdiction of all the parlements, covering the major part of northern and central France, and was simply known as "the Parlement".
		Some, especially the Parlement de Paris, gradually acquired the habit of refusing to register legislation with which they disagreed until the king held a lit de justice or sent a lettre de cachet to force them to act.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parlement (607 words)

	René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis replied to remonstrances from the parlement by a lit de justice, in which he demanded the surrender of the minutes of procedure.
		On November 27, 1770 appeared the dit de reglement et de discipline, which was promulgated by the chancellor, forbidding the union of the various branches of the parlement and correspondence with the provincial magistratures.
		The restoration of the parlements was followed by a renewal of the quarrels between the new king and the magistrature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicolas_Charles_Augustin_de_Maupeou (722 words)

	Paris - Colin Jones - Penguin Group (USA)
		Paris has been the center of French culture and politics, the great stage of kings, poets, and revolutionaries, the inspiration of artists, and the prize of armies since the Middle Ages.
		The people of Paris were to thrust themselves memorably and durably into the course of radical change in the political crisis of 1789, but in ways which were not easily anticipated in the light of events leading up to it.
		The expressed desire of the Paris Parlement that the Estates General should meet within the forms of the 1614 meeting intensified debate, for it implied that the Parlement wanted to join with the nobility and the clergy in a single repressive bloc and manage rather than respond to wider popular concerns.
	www.penguinputnam.com /nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,0_0670033936,00.html?sym=SYN& (2331 words)

	parlement. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Originally there was only the Parlement of Paris, which grew out of the feudal Curia Regis [king’s court] and may be said to have had a separate existence from the reign of Louis IX (1226–70).
		In 1787 and 1788 the Parlement of Paris and the provincial parlements successfully opposed the fiscal reforms proposed by Archbishop Loménie de Brienne to save France from bankruptcy; they claimed that only the three estates of the kingdom gathered in the States-General possessed the authority to pass on new taxes.
		As bastions of reaction and privilege, the parlements were among the first institutions to be abolished in the early days of the Revolution.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pa/parlemen.html (577 words)

	JACQUES NICOLAS BILLAUD-VARENNE - LoveToKnow Article on JACQUES NICOLAS BILLAUD-VARENNE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		French revolutionist, was the son of an avocat at the parlement of Paris.
		In 1785 he left the Oratorian college where he was prefect of studies, came to Paris, married and bought a position as avocat in the parlement.
		Elected a deputy of Paris to the National Convention, he at once spoke in favor of the immediate abolition of the monarchy, and the next day demanded that all acts be dated from the year I of the republic.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BI/BILLAUD_VARENNE_JACQUES_NICOLAS.htm (557 words)

	Sarah Hanley \| "The Jurisprudence of the Arrêts": Marital Union, Civil Society, and State Formation in France, ...
		Parlement's arrêt of 1601 thus declared this alleged marriage clandestine and illegal and nullified it.
		That is, it was Parlement's notable arrêts--binding legal precedents, or case law--at the social rim that provoked the promulgation of royal edicts (from the government) at the statutory center.
		And some held that "the arrêt of the Parlement of Paris cannot be founded on the privileges of the Gallican [French] church," because it was part of the universal (Roman Catholic) church beholden to Canon law and other church rules.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/21.1/hanley.html (10834 words)

	The Sun King rules: Parlement
		The Parlement of the Île de France in Paris is as full of power and intrigue as is Court.
		Parlement is additionally responsible for the enforcement of these laws and the gathering of taxes set by the Controller-General of Finances to balance his budget.
		This number divided by their social level is the number that must be rolled on 2d6 for them to be caught and charged with embezzlement (note that characters can embezzle Livres equal to his SL with no risk of being caught).
	www.users.dircon.co.uk /~redessa/sun-king/rules/sect23.html (1395 words)

	Recent Acquisitions-18th Century Judicial
		Extrait des Registres de Parlement du lundy vingt-deuxième jour de février mil sept cens vingt-trois, du matin.
		Arrest du Parlement de Bretagne, rendu sur les remontrances et conclusions de Monsieur l’Avocat Général du Roi, qui supprime un manuscrit intitulé "Troisièmes Remontrances du Parlement de Paris, du 8 février 1766." (pp.
		Arrest du Parlement de Bretagne, rendu sur les remontrances et conclusions de Monsieur l’Avocat Général du Roi, qui supprime un imprimé ayant pour titre: "Très-humbles, très-respectueuses, et itératives représentations, datés à Rouen en Parlement, le 24 février 1766." (pp.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/hasrg/frnit/judicial/appenA.html (1792 words)

	France in the Seventeenth Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There were uprisings in Paris in 1633; in Lyons in 1633 and 1642; in Rouen in 1634 and 1639; a widespread peasant revolt in 1636, the "croquants"; a peasant revolt in Normandy in 1639, the "Va-nu-pieds" (the Barefoot Ones).
		The Parlement at this point made common cause and on 13 May 1648 declared a special assembly of deputies that should meet in the Chamber of Saint Louis to discuss reform of the state.
		The movement spread to the provinces and regional parlements, and in July the government gave in, or appeared to.
	www.idbsu.edu /courses/reformation/france/17thc.shtml (4574 words)

	Thomas Carlyle : The French Revolution : Chapter 1.3.VIII. Lomenie's Death-throes
		On the morrow, which is the 3rd of May, 1788, an astonished Parlement sits convoked; listens speechless to the speech of D'Espremenil, unfolding the infinite misdeed.
		The assembled Parlement declares that these its two martyrs cannot be given up, to any sublunary authority; moreover that the 'session is permanent,' admitting of no adjournment, till pursuit of them has been relinquished.
		Paris City goes through its diurnal epochs, of working and slumbering; and now, for the second time, most European and African mortals are asleep.
	www.classicreader.com /read.php/sid.2/bookid.106/sec.20 (2810 words)

	Politics and the Parlement of Paris under Louis XV, 1754—1774 - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Politics in eighteenth-century France was dominated by the relationship between the crown and the magistrates of the Parlement of Paris.
		In order to explain why the crown and the Parlement drifted into conflict, this study re-examines the conduct of government under Louis XV, the role of the magistrates, and the structure of judicial politics in eighteenth-century France.
		The fall of the Parlement of Paris, 1770—1771; Conclusion: Maupeou and beyond; Bibliography; Index.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521473497&print=y (283 words)

	The Galileo Project
		His father was a lawyer, an "avocat" to the Parlement of Paris, one of the most celebrated lawyers of his day and a passionate opponent of the Jesuits, who had twenty children (ten of whom survived) of which Antoine was the last.
		The father of Antoine's mother was "avocat général" to the Parlement of Paris.
		Schooling: Paris, D.D. Arnauld was a student at the collège Calvi and then at the collège Lisieux at the Sorbonne.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/arnauld.html (950 words)

	The Fronde & English Civil War
		Paris was a city of about half a million people in the mid-seventeenth century.
		Naturally, they were outraged, as was the parlement of Paris because although its deputies' salaries were not threatened, Mazarin wanted to create new offices that would undermine its powers.
		Mazarin and Anne were strong militarily, but when the Condéans, the frondeurs and the parlement allied and demanded the princes' release, their political position collapsed.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-12.htm (1514 words)

	H-Net Review: Kenneth Margerison on Politics and the Parlement of Paris Under Louis XV, 1754-1774
		Louis XV and the Parlement of Paris, 1737-1755.
		The intervention of the Parlement of Paris, designed to prevent the implementation of this policy, ultimately led to bitter and acrimonious relations between Louis XV and the magistrates of the court.
		The Parlement's decisions were, of course, also influenced by alliances which certain of its members had formed with particular ministers or by the evident desire of some Jansenist magistrates to advance their own positions.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=29687879357962 (4939 words)

	French Revolution: Search
		The magistrates of the Parlement of Paris, who knew Coffin personally since he had served as rector at the church–run University of Paris and later was a clerk to the Parlement itself, joined in the protests, issuing this strongly worded "remonstrance" to the King.
		The Parlement of Paris had by far the largest area of competency, with one-third of the territory and perhaps two-thirds of France’s 26 million in 1789, but each of the provinces added to France since the fifteenth century had one.
		Throughout the eighteenth century, the judges of the parlements sought to limit or overturn those initiatives of the monarchy that they thought impinged upon the system of privileges characteristic of the old regime.
	chnm.gmu.edu /revolution/searchfr.php?function=find&keyword=remonstrance (876 words)

	New Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The fiscal and administrative reforms issued as royal decrees in the autumn of 1787 were opposed vociferously by the Parlements.
		Ordinarily at such a session, the magistrates of the Parlement of Paris would be allowed to vote on a royal decree.
		When I come to personally hold my Parlement it is because I wish to hear a discussion of the law that I have brought with me and to learn more about it before I decide on its registration.
	www.historyteacher.net /APEuroCourse/Readings-Open/Reading-AncRegime-LouisXVI_ReplyToParisParlement-1788.htm (364 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: The Hundred Years War In The High Court Of Parlement
		So say the plaintiffs, who, as they are paupers and miserable persons without the means to live or to prosecute their rights against the aforesaid, are led to such beggary that they may die of hunger and helplessness in the said prison unless we provide needed remedy.
		And for this Denis Sauvage was imprisoned at the Ch=83telet [the prison belonging to the Provost of Paris].
		And since then Fastolf, or John Sak, his proctor, has asked to have the prisoner surrendered to him as his prisoner of war, or at least that the case be sent to the court of the Marshals; and the Provost decided that he would send the case there; from which decision Sauvage appealed.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/100yrs.html (2814 words)

	Fronde. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This period (1648–49) began when the parlement rejected a new plan for raising money, proposed by Anne of Austria, mother of and regent for Louis XIV, and her adviser, Cardinal Mazarin.
		Anne, the king, and Mazarin secretly left Paris (Jan., 1649), and the city was blockaded by royal troops under Louis II, prince de Condé (see Condé, Louis II de Bourbon, prince de).
		A compromise peace was arranged between the parlement and the regent at Rueil in Mar., 1649.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Fronde.html (564 words)

	The Galileo Project
		Viète's mother was the first cousin to Barnabé Brisson, President of the Parlement de Paris under the League.
		Acccccording to some sources he was an avocat of the Parlement of Paris from 1570 to 1573.
		During his six years with the Parlement (1574-80) he was frequently absent on business of the King who employed him in various ways.
	galileo.rice.edu /Catalog/NewFiles/viete.html (925 words)

	Remonstrances of Parlement of Paris against Turgot's Six Edicts (1776)
		The desire to ease the burdens placed on the people is too praiseworthy in a sovereign and conforms so much with the wishes of your parlement, that the latter could never conceive of dissuading Your Majesty from such a noble and legitimate goal.
		Your parlement understood that the edict substituting a universal, indefinite, and perpetual land tax for the corvée, under the guise of the apparent relief it offers the people, could at first glance have seemed a beneficent act inspired by love of humanity.
		But at the same time, Sire, your parlement was sure that a more careful examination of the edict would reveal to Your Majesty that it represents a policy burdensome even for those whom you wish to help, and contrary to the sense of justice that motivates you.
	history.furman.edu /~benson/hst11/docs/ParlementvsTurgot.htm (1481 words)

	Henri IV
		The precarious nature of Henry IV's political position was clearly evident when the Parlement de Paris, the highest judicial body in all France, issued a decree proclaiming Henry of Navarre's uncle, the aged Charles, cardinal of Bourbon, as king under the style of Charles X.
		The Parlement de Paris reaffirmed in June the principle that the fundamental laws of the realm must be preserved and then denounced any plan to transfer the French Crown to a foreign prince or princess.
		Ravaillac was condemned as a regicide by the Parlement de Paris.
	www.bama.ua.edu /~gderoche/henriiv/intro.htm (6879 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jacques-Auguste de Thou
		The son of Christophe de Thou, first president of the Parlement of Paris, he studied at several French universities, especially at Valence, where he knew Scaliger.
		As Master of Petitions of the Parlement of Paris in 1585 and in 1588 as councillor of State, he was the opponent of the League.
		He had an important share in the conferences of Surennes, which prepared the entry of Henry IV into Paris (22 May, 1594) and especially in compiling the Edict of Nantes (1598) which established the religious liberty and political influence of the Protestants.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14706d.htm (775 words)

	Page 33 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The parlements of France were not legislative bodies like the English Parliament, but were principally judicial and administrative in their duties.
		Their exact powers varied quite a bit, but in general they heard cases on appeal, heard petitions, and could be called to pass judgment on a complex question such as matters of jurisdiction.
		The Parlement of Paris was the most prestigious of all the parlements.
	history.boisestate.edu /hy309/France/33.html (270 words)

	[No title]
		Remonstrances of the Parlement of Paris to Louis XIV, 23 March 1652.
		He has had a plan to sack your loyal town of Paris, which is filled with thousands of innocent people.
		He abandoned Champagne and the Ile-de-France, including the environs of Paris, to the Spaniards, when your best troops were used to defeat your subjects.
	www.le.ac.uk /hi/bon/resources/Govtsoc/doc310.html (1518 words)

	Pierre Dupuy, Jacques Dupuy, presented by Olivier THILL. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Paris, birth of Clément Dupuy, son of Clément Dupuy, and brother of Claude Dupuy, future uncle of Pierre and Jacques
		Paris, birth of Christophe, brother of Pierre and Jacques.
		Pierre (birth: Nov. 1582 in Agen - death: 14 Dec. 1651 in Paris), attorney to the parliament of Paris, host of the Academie des freres Dupuy, warden of the library of the king.
	members.aol.com /OlivThill/dupuy1.htm (2140 words)

	Maupeou, René Nicolas de on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was president of the parlement of Paris before he succeeded his father as chancellor.
		He was the chief mover in the attempt of King Louis XV to master the parlement and end its opposition to the fiscal measures needed to replenish the treasury.
		Maupeou dissolved (1771) all the parlements, exiled the magistrates from Paris, and abolished the sale of many offices.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/Maupeou.asp (189 words)

	Fronde on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Recep Tayyip Erdogan à Davos, en janvier 2003 Un vent de fronde soufflait mardi au parlement turc alors que le gouvernemen.
		Un technicien à l'Institut Curie à Paris Les chercheurs français, qui ont lancé un mouvement de fronde sans précédent pour.
		Manifestation de chercheurs à Paris Les chercheurs en colère, qui ont lancé il y deux mois une fronde sans précédent contr.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/F/Fronde.asp (657 words)

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