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Topic: Parliament and the Peerage

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	PEERAGE - LoveToKnow Article on PEERAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The conclusion, then, may be drawn that in theory the issue of a writ was at the pleasure of the Crown, and that in practice the moving factor in the case of the prelates was office and personal importance, and in the case of abbots and barons probably, in the main, extent of possession.
		Thus though not all were lords of parliament in esse, every one was always so in posse, and in any case it was the hereditary quality of the peerage which either actually seated its holder in the House of Lords or made it possible for him to get there by the votes of his fellows.
		The grant of a peerage is a very different matter; its holder becomes thereby a member of the Upper House of Parliament, and therefore, the prerogative of the Crown in creating such an office of honor must be exercised strictly in accordance with the law of the land.
	7.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PEERAGE.htm (14716 words)

	Encyclopedia: UK Parliament (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The British Parliament is often called the "Mother of Parliaments," as the legislative bodies of many nations—most notably, those of the members of the Commonwealth—are modeled on it.
		Thus, each Parliament is separately numbered, the present Parliament being the Fifty-Third Parliament of the United Kingdom (that is to say, the fifty-third Parliament summoned since the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801).
		Parliament controls the executive by passing or rejecting its Bills and by forcing Ministers of the Crown to answer for their actions, either at "Question Time" or during meetings of the parliamentary committees.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/UK-Parliament (6081 words)

	Parliament and the Peerage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In 1791, an Act of Parliament restored to Catholic peers the privilege of advising the Sovereign.
		Upon the summons of a new Parliament following the dissolution of a previous one, and whenever a vacancy occurred during a Parliament, the Sovereign issued a proclamation summoning Scottish peers to the Palace of Holyroodhouse.
		In 1963, the Peerage Act permitted peers to disclaim hereditary dignities; Sir Alec Douglas-Home, 14th Earl of Home, availed himself of this right so as to be able to serve as Prime Minister from the House of Commons, rather than from the House of Lords.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/parliament_and_the_peerage (4201 words)

	Best of Sicily - Noble Peers of Sicily
		By definition, the Peerage was the part of the collective Sicilian nobility entitled to vote in parliament, particularly after the abolition of feudalism in 1812.
		In 1295 and 1296, a "parliament" was convened by Frederick, the younger brother of King James of Sicily --both being sons of King Peter of Aragon.
		Parliament was seen by many as the Crown's attempt to preserve some rights of the nobility when feudalism no longer existed, though the revolutions of 1848 were sufficient cause for a session in that chaotic year.
	www.bestofsicily.com /peers.htm (1288 words)

	Lord of Parliament -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A Lord of Parliament is a member of the lowest rank of (The dialect of English used in Scotland) Scottish (The peers of a kingdom considered as a group) peerage, ranking below a (A British peer who ranks below an earl and above a baron) viscount.
		Therefore, the Scottish equivalent to the English baron is the Lord of Parliament.
		Children of Lords of Parliament and female holders of Lordships of Parliament are styled The Honourable [Forename] [Surname], except that the heir apparent is styled The Master of [peerage title].
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/lo/lord_of_parliament.htm (340 words)

	Peerage - TheBestLinks.com - Anglo-Saxon, Archbishop of Canterbury, Act of Union 1707, England, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		There are various parts to the Peerage which convey slightly different benefits: the Peerage of England pertains to all titles created by the Kings and Queens of England prior to the Act of Union in 1707.
		Hereditary peerage dignities may be created by the Sovereign with writs of summons or by letters patent, the former method now being obsolete.
		While life peerages were often created in the early days of the Peerage, their regular creation was not provided for under an Act of Parliament until 1876, with the passage of the Appellate Jurisdiction Act.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Peerage.html (1957 words)

	The British Peerage:
		While the peerage of Scotland and the peerage of Ireland have obtained by legislative enactment the same privileges as those of England, they are not part of the peerage of England.
		Peerage is the dignity to which is attached the right of a summons by name to sit and vote in Parliament.(100) There are however some peers who are not lords of Parliament, and lords of Parliaments who are not peers- the lords spiritual.
		Peerages conferred by the British Sovereign are not, in the law of New Zealand, titles conferred by a foreign Sovereign.
	www.geocities.com /noelcox/Peerage_Law.htm (9421 words)

	Peerage law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Additionally, it is now possible (under the Peerage Act 1963) to "disclaim" a peerage—doing so deprives theholder of the peerage for life, but does not destroy it, as it descends upon the death of the peer making the disclaimer.
		Life peerages themselves were notunprecedented, though it was unclear whether or not life peers were by virtue of their titles entitled to sit in the House ofLords.
		In most cases, the peerages were granted to women, but they were not eligible for a seat in the House of Lords; there wasno example of a male sitting in the House by virtue of a life peerage for over four centuries.
	www.therfcc.org /peerage-law-215149.html (4562 words)

	Life peer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nowadays, life peerages, always of baronial rank, are created under the Life Peerages Act 1958 and carry with them, presuming the recipient meets qualifications such as age and citizenship, seats in the House of Lords.
		A peer created under the Life Peerages Act has the right to sit in the House of Lords, provided he is twenty-one years of age, is not suffering punishment upon conviction for treason and is a citizen of the United Kingdom, of the Republic of Ireland or of a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
		The number of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary was increased from time to time—to three in 1882, to four in 1891, to six in 1913, to seven in 1919, to nine in 1947, to eleven in 1968 and to twelve in 1994.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/life_peer_1 (2105 words)

	Encyclopedia: House of Lords Act 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The House of Lords Act 1999, an Act of Parliament passed by the British Parliament, was a major constitutional enactment as it completely reformed one of the chambers of Parliament, the House of Lords.
		Prior to the House of Lords Act 1999 the power of the Lords was diminished by the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 which stripped the Lords of their ability to block adoption of most bills; at most they could delay them for one session.
		Life peerages were offered, but rejected by members of the royal family who were Royal hereditary peers of the first creation: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Charles, Prince of Wales, Prince Andrew, Duke of York and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/House-of-Lords-Act-1999 (3219 words)

	Parliament Act 1911 - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Parliament Act 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The law, introduced after the Lords rejected Lloyd George's radical People's Budget of 1909, prohibited the Lords from interfering with financial legislation and abolished their power to reject other types of legislation passed by the Commons, restricting them to delaying it for up to two years.
		A second Parliament Act in 1949, further limiting the period the Lords could delay legislation to a year, was also strongly opposed and was eventually passed without the Lords' assent under the terms of the 1911 act.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Parliament+Act+1911 (206 words)

	GLOSSARY - BURKE'S GUIDE TO BRITISH TITLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Life peerages were conferred as early as the 14th century, and in several different ranks of the peerage (2), but for the most part, especially when on women (usually royal mistresses), did not carry the right to a seat in the legislature.
		It may be hereditary, in which case it is specifically applied to a lord of Parliament in the peerage (2) of Scotland and colloquially or loosely to a male who holds the title of baron, earl, marquess or viscount, either substantively or as a courtesy title.
		The term peerage derives from the Latin word for equal (par) and to the extent that all peers with seats in the House have tended to be summoned to it irrespective of their relative rank, importance or wealth, the term still has some relevance.
	www.burkes-peerage.net /sites/peerage/sitepages/page66c.asp (2799 words)

	Parliament And The Peerage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		admirals, he was disappointingly raised to the lower end of the peerage as baron...
		Lords Courcy of Ringoane and Kinsale sat in the Irish parliament as late as the...
		Though the Act abolished the worst of the rotten boroughs and expanded the franchise, peers continued to own "pocket boroughs," which were got rid of only by reforms passed during the second half of the nineteenth century.
	www.wikiverse.org /parliament-and-the-peerage (4151 words)

	Feudal Titles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The concept of peerage did not develop immediately, and its subsequent evolution was haphazard and irrational.
		After the concept of the Peerage had taken root in England, it was argued that those feudal barons, Barons by Tenure, who had been summoned to the early Parliaments were ipso facto peers, Barons by Writ.
		In brief: a feudal title is a territorial dignity which passes with the ownership of the lands to which it is attached; a peerage title is a personal dignity which will pass, if it is not a life peerage, according to the "remainder" or "destination" specified at the time of its creation.
	www.baronage.co.uk /bphtm-01/essay-3.html (890 words)

	Paul James column
		The spiritual peerage consists of the archbishops and diocesan bishops of the Church of England.
		Similarly, the peerage of Ireland consists of those created in that island prior to the union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, although some Irish peerages continued to be created until the mid-19th century.
		Peerages could be created simply by means of a Writ of Summons to attend the House of Lords, although this method of creation has not been used since the 15th century.
	www.etoile.co.uk /Columns/Paul/041128.html (1350 words)

	List of hereditary baronies
		This page is meant to list all baronies and lordships of parliaments created in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.
		2 Lordships of Parliament in the Peerage of Scotland, 1233-1707
		4 Baronies in the Peerage of Ireland, 1223-1898
	www.kiwipedia.com /list-of-baronies.html (85 words)

	Part 5 of The Irish Parliament of James II
		The descendant of the Williamite ought to sympathise with the urgent patriotism and loyalty of the parliament, rather than dwell on its errors, or on the sufferings which civil war inflicted on his forefathers.
		The Parliament which passed those Acts was the first and the last which ever sat in Ireland since the English invasion, possessed of national authority, and complete in all its parts.
		Chapter III: An Act declaring, That the Parliament of England cannot bind Ireland [and] against Writs of Error and Appeals, to be brought for Removing Judgments, Decrees, and Sentences given in Ireland, into England.
	www.ucc.ie /celt/published/E800002-045/text005.html (1955 words)

	PRECEDENCE IN ENGLAND AND WALES FOR LADIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		19-Wives of Lords of Parliament or female holders of Lordships of Parliament in the peerage of Scotland.
		25-Wives of eldest sons of Barons or of Scottish Lords of Parliament or of female holders of Scottish Lordships of Parliament.
		26-Daughters of (a) Barons, (b) Baronesses in their own right; (c) Lords of Parliament in the peerage of Scotland; (d) Female holders of Lordships of Parliament in the peerage of Scotland; (e) Lords of Appeal in Ordinary; (f) Life Peers; (g) Life Peeresses, provided such daughters are not married to peers.
	www.burkes-peerage.net /sites/peerage/sitepages/page62-4c.asp (1034 words)

	Lord of Parliament - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A Lord of Parliament is a member of the lowest rank of Scottish peerage, ranking below a viscount.
		Scotland differs from the rest of the United Kingdom in that the lowest rank of its peerage is not the Baron.
		No provision was made for Lords of Parliament to be specially represented in the current Scottish Parliament.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Lord_of_Parliament (410 words)

	GLOSSARY - BURKE'S GUIDE TO BRITISH TITLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Lord Great Chamberlain is the holder of a hereditary ceremonial post concerned with the sovereign's attendance at Parliament and great state occasions such as the lying in state of a recently deceased sovereign and the coronation of the new one.
		The post is shared in alternate reigns by the Marquess of Cholmondeley (qv), the present incumbent, and representatives of the Marquess of Lincolnshire (see CARRINGTON) and Earl of Ancaster (see WILLOUGHBY DE ERESBY).
		A stunning new study of the extant Orders of knighthood and merit of every state.
	www.burkes-peerage.net /sites/peerage/sitepages/page66-lord.asp (432 words)

	The Parliamentary Archives at The House of Lords Record Office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		We hold several million records relating to Parliament in the Victoria Tower repository.
		They include original Acts of Parliament from 1497, Journals from 1510, papers laid before Parliament from 1531, Peerage papers from 1597, Judicial papers from 1621, and plans of canals, roads, railways and other public works deposited in connection with private bills from 1794.
		However, please note that we have very few Commons' records before 1834 as they were destroyed in the fire which burnt down the old Palace of Westminster, and that records of government, rather than Parliament, are held in the
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/ourrecords.htm (196 words)

	AIM25: Senate House Library, University of London: Treatises on English Parliament, peerage and diplomacy
		AIM25: Senate House Library, University of London: Treatises on English Parliament, peerage and diplomacy
		Administrative/Biographical history: The English Parliament is the main legislative body of the country.
		The Earl Marshal, originally in charge of the Court of Chivalry which was concerned with military matters such as ransom, booty and soldiers pay, as well as the misuse of armorial bearings.
	www.aim25.ac.uk /cats/14/1130.htm (599 words)

	English Parliament on Almondnet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Find english parliament and more at Lycos Search.
		Read about english parliament in the free online encyclopedia and dictionary.
		You can watch or listen to live coverage of all UK Parliament proceedings - including all Committees which...
	www.ncpm.co.uk /popmusic/english_parliament.html (403 words)

	Items relating to Parliament
		Christians should take seriously the opportunities for participation in social change afforded by elections...
		Themes / Keywords: Parliament Government House of Lords Reform Peerage
		People are sometimes put off by the idea of lobbying.
	www.oxford.anglican.org /themes.php?theme=Parliament (235 words)

	Gosling (1726) The laws of honour, or, A compendious account of the ancient derivation of all titles, dignities, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Printed for R. Gosling, and are to be sold by J. Osborn...
		Titles of honor and nobility; Peerage claims; Precedence; Prerogative, Royal; Nobility; Privileges and immunities; Great Britain
		Plates accompanied by leaf with descriptive letterpress, not included in paging.
	www.getcited.org /pub/101164695 (71 words)

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