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East Timor - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about East Timor   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) The 2002 constitution provides for a democratic parliamentary political system with a presidency. In 1860 the Dutch settlers landed and the island was divided in two: the Dutch secured control of West Timor, and the Portuguese retained East Timor. Civil war broke out a year later and Fretilin – in conjunction with their guerrilla army the Falintil – occupied the capital, Dili and declared independence. encyclopedia.farlex.com /East+Timor   (1230 words)

Parliamentary Groups Parliamentary groups of the Seimas whose total number of the members is more than half of members of the Seimas and which have signed a joint action declaration or coalition government agreement shall be considered the majority of the Seimas. Parliamentary groups or their coalitions which proclaim in the Seimas the political declarations wherein the provisions distinguishing them from the majority of the Seimas are laid down shall be considered opposition parliamentary groups. If an opposition parliamentary group or their coalition has more than 1/2 of Seimas members belonging to the minority of the Seimas, the Elder of such parliamentary group or the head of the coalition shall be named the leader of the Seimas opposition. www3.lrs.lt /seimu_istorija/w3_viewer.ViewTheme-p_int_tv_id=70&p_kalb_id=2&p_org=0.htm   (532 words)

Why Election Boycott?: A Theoretical, Historical Analysis   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Parliamentary Marxism sometimes raises the question of immature condition of the revolutionary struggle, sometimes posits the Indian parliamentary system as provider of ample scope for establishing an alternative system and even sometimes shows acutely keen interest in saving the parliamentary system if people or some groups disdainfully refuse to join the electoral process. It is necessary to add here that the new parliamentary revisionism everywhere argued that the balance of forces had gone in favour of socialism after the emergence of a number of communist party-led states through the earth shaking victory of the Soviet Red Army against fascism. Here, peoples democratic power is being asserted by the oppressed masses, led by the CPN(Maoists) and the exploiters and oppressors and their entire instruments of rule (police, army, judicial system, prisons, etc) have been smashed and a genuine democracy is there for all who care to see. www.peoplesmarch.com /archives/2004/may2k4/why.htm   (17966 words)

Democracy Paper What is intriguing is that presidential systems "are empirically associated with democratic failure in marked contrast to relative success of parliamentary democracies established between 1945-1979 none of the presidential or semi-presidential systems were continually democratic during that time period." Presidential systems are highly unstable, have resulted in military uprisings and are not always democratic. Parliamentary systems are generally more stable than presidential systems or hybrid systems, thus increasing the probability of democratic participation and ultimately accountability of leaders to the citizens. Parliamentary systems can increases access and participation of minority citizens who would normally have no formal right to be heard in the democratic process. members.shaw.ca /alandar/new_page_19.htm   (4308 words)

Nepal: The Royal Regression And The Question Of Democratic Republic By Baburam Bhattarai   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Secondly, viewing from a further political angle, it should be acknowledged that the inherent defects and weaknesses of the bourgeois parliamentary democracy established after 1990 and the general infirmity and incapacity of the middle strata and forces also provided an objective basis for the ultimate feudal autocratic regression. Moreover, the parliamentary forces during their twelve years long rule in between did nothing to bring about a progressive transformation in the traditionally feudal and increasingly comprador and bureaucratic capitalist socio-economic and cultural base of the society. Due to their own distorted class outlook and interests, these major powers in the past used to regard the monarchy and the parliamentary forces as the so-called 'two pillars of stability', and they were seen working hard to bring about a grand alliance between the two against the revolutionary democratic forces. www.countercurrents.org /nepal-bhattarai230305.htm   (2980 words)

Article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Historically, the major parliamentary political forces, viz, the Nepali Congress and latter the revisionist UML, enjoy no independent class base of their own, tend to represent a hodge-podge of class forces ranging from the feudals and comprador and bureaucratic bourgeoisie to the petty-bourgeoisie and constantly take vacillating and conciliatory political positions. Moreover, the parliamentary forces during their 12-year long rule did nothing to bring about a progressive transformation in the traditionally feudal and increasingly comprador and bureaucratic capitalist socio-economic and cultural base of the society. As far as the sincere commitment of the revolutionary democratic forces, who aspire to reach socialism and communism via a new democratic republic, towards a bourgeois democratic republic is concerned the CPN(Maoist) has time and again clarified its principled position towards the historical necessity of passing through a sub-stage of democratic republic in the specificities of Nepal. www.epw.org.in /showArticles.php?root=2005&leaf=04&filename=8494&filetype=html   (3036 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Further infringements occurred this year during the May 30 parliamentary elections and the October 10 local elections, when boycotts, protests, and other demonstrations led to violent confrontations with police, which were often put down with excessive force. Although the Government recognized the Amazigh language as a national language, Kabylie ethnic, cultural, and linguistic rights were the objects of demonstrations and riots in the spring of 2001 and remained an undercurrent of the political scene throughout the year, particularly during protests surrounding the parliamentary and local elections. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18273.htm Belgium: federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch $85,840,572 The Government generally respected the human rights of its citizens, and the law and the judiciary provide effective means of dealing with individual instances of abuse. www.holesinthesky.com /WeaponSales.doc   (18254 words)

History of Bulgaria   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Todor Zhivkov, the head of the Bulgarian Communist Party, ruled the country for much of its time under communism, and during his 27 years as leader of Bulgaria, democratic opposition was crushed, agriculture and industry were nationalized, and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church fell under the control of the state. Following a period of social unrest and passage of a new constitution, the first fully democratic parliamentary elections were held in 1991 in which the Union of Democratic Forces won. The 2001 parliamentary elections ushered in 63 women deputies, placing Bulgaria first within the region according to the number of women currently serving in parliament. www.historyofnations.net /europe/bulgaria.html   (1058 words)

Canadian Conservative Forum - Requested Essay After an examination of the theoretical underpinnings of democratic accountability as it currently exists, and several significant court decisions, the notion that the increase of interaction between the courts and the legislatures because of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms has resulted in a decline in democratic accountability will be made clear. The Queen, democratic accountability was further eroded by establishing that "Parliament is not permitted to establish a sentencing rule that significantly restricts that discretion [of the sentencing judge], even when Parliament decides that the gravity of an offence and the protection of the public requires a minimum sentence" (Hogg, 1992:1132). Thus, democratic accountability is subverted due to the fact that the judiciary explicitly read in sexual orientation in the Charter where it did not exist before, even though including sexual orientation in the Charter was voted down by the parliamentary system in 1981. www.conservativeforum.org /EssaysForm.asp?ID=6329   (4008 words)

[No title] Broadly speaking, the debate often centres on whether the establishment of parliamentary democracy acts as a stimulus to a further democratisation of society or as a brake. The particular concession of new local, parliamentary and presidential elections succeeded in divesting the movement of its unity and single-mindedness. There are now a significant number of examples of where the onset of parliamentary democracy has actually increased inequality or stabilised it at current levels, particularly where it has caused, as it did in S. Korea, a fragmentation of the pro-democracy movement. www.textfiles.com /politics/SPUNK/sp000708.txt   (6006 words)

Al-Ahram Weekly | National Democratic Party | Parliamentary movers   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) He was one of the 100 founders of the National Democratic Party, soon become NDP secretary-general for Alexandria and was elected to the People's Assembly as year later. In 1987 he received a Francophone decoration as a member of the Francophone Parliamentary Union and five years later was awarded the Legion d'Honneur by the French government. In the past Abdel-Sattar initiated a fruitful five-year campaign for the establishment of private universities in Egypt, and her interest in women's issues led her to lobby for the appointment of women judges and omdas (village heads) and the simplification of procedures in the personal status law. weekly.ahram.org.eg /archives/parties/ndp/profil.htm   (798 words)

An invitation letter to attend a massive rally and mass meeting tothe solidarity to peoples On this crucial turning point of decisive battle between autocracy and republic, it is a historical necessity for the all the pro-people political forces, civil society, intellectual community and all the level and sphere of people to advance united on this direction. Indian government, which claims itself a largest republic and democratic country of the world is sparing no chance to equip king’s mercenary Royal Nepal Army in the name of opposing terrorism, which has resulted in the escalation of conflicts- civil war and large scale killings of unarmed people. The CC (P) calls upon all the revolutionary and democratic people of the Indian subcontinent to rise in united struggle against the expansionist Indian ruling classes and their mercenary army. cpnm.org /new/English/statements/2005/statements_1feb2005.htm   (7278 words)

Committee for a Democratic UN | Parliamentary Assembly at the United Nations Aim of the project is to mobilize support for a parliamentary body on world level within national parliaments and the general public. Besides the scarcely promising efforts currently beeing made towards a reform of the UN Security Council there are other components of the discussions of a democratization of the UN, ranging from recommendations to design a „parliamentary dimension“ of the UN and calls to establish an elected „world parliament“;. Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. www.uno-komitee.de /en/projects/unpa/index.php   (268 words)

Stengthen the European Parliament To remove this parliamentary democratic deficit, the legislative powers of the EP must be strengthened through increased use of the co-decision procedure and enhancement of the national parliaments' powers of scrutiny vis-a-vis their governments. Seeking to remove the democratic deficit, the IGC is evaluating the possibility of strengthening the legislative powers of the EP through a broader application of the co-decision procedure. In particular, the informal contacts at the level of the committees should be expanded, in order to jointly examine the legislative acts of the EC as early as possible and from the perspective of their transposition and implementation in the Member States. www.fes.de /fes-publ/aussen/doc_3/paper_1.html   (4090 words)

Committee for a Democratic UN | Parliamentary Assembly at the UN | Documents Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Recommendation 1476 (2000) of 09-27-2000: The United Nations at the turn of the 21st century. September 2000, Declaration, The parliamentary vision for international cooperation at the dawn of the third millennium Parliamentary Assembly of the Western European Union, Document A/1685 with Resolution 102 and Recommendation 670 of June 6, 2000 www.uno-komitee.de /en/documents/projects/unpa.php   (626 words)

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME While the parliamentary structure is in place and democratic elections are held to determine the party in government, the everyday working of parliament has potential to be developed to further assist the democratic process between elections. The Parliamentary Experts will be required to spend a total of __ working days in Pakistan in order to carry out their responsibilities for this project. The primary task of the Parliamentary Expert will be to draft a report that will: analyze the role and function of parliamentary committees in Pakistan; and provide recommendations for assistance to strengthen the parliamentary committees in Pakistan. www.un.org.pk /pk97010.htm   (9418 words)

International Nepal Solidarity Network » Baburam Bhattarai’s article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Thiirdly, from a military point of view, this action of total centralization of the old state authority in the absolute monarchy can be seen as an attempt of the moribund reactionary classes to wage a final battle with the revolutionary forces in the ever mounting class war in the country. However, it is a matter of serious concern that even after more than a mouth since the coup the democratic forces have not been able to come up with an effective & coordinated plan, programme or mechanism of resistance against the autocratic monarchy. If democratic leaders loose their morals and commitments in maximum extent like before then even in the republic democracy, military or other dictator rule appears to remain an accepted political option for certain period like in many other countries. insn.org /?p=678   (10066 words)

EWPPP He further added that some of the major obstacles to the establishment of a democratic parliamentary practice include the lack of transparency in the law-making process (draft laws are not made available) as well as the fact that there are no budget hearings held in Parliament. The representatives of Parliament and the Parliamentary Committee for Constitutional Affairs and Legislation, as well as the leaders of political parties, were mainly polarised on the issue of the effectiveness of the great number of the bill’s regulations. In the course of the debate, the parliamentary viewpoint was outlined by Ms Tatyana Kalkanova, Mr Nikolay Mladenov and Ms Tatyana Doncheva. www.ewppp.org /programmes/southeastern_europe.php   (13498 words)

The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Government type   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) This entry gives the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship). parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are represented locally by coprinces' representatives constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; began debating republic status in 1992 www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2128.html   (651 words)

Reality Macedonia : Most Historic, Most Democratic, Most Parliamentary, Elections To Date   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Apart from several isolated incidents the atmosphere was democratic and peaceful. He also alleged that in Gostivar, SDSM's fans celebrate together with members of the "party of the criminal Ali Ahmeti." LP's spokesman estimated the proportion of votes of "Za" towards "Glavata gore" is about 13:9. Please help the Police and the Army of Republic of Macedonia protect its diversity, democratic values, and the lives of innocent people threatened by the KLA terrorists by continuing the Macedonian tradition of tolerance. www.realitymacedonia.org.mk /web/news_page.asp?nid=2332   (1096 words)

[No title] Formerly Chairman of the Swedish Social Democratic Party Youth League in Västmanland, Chairman of the National Federation of Social Democratic Women in Västmanland, Member of the Executive Committee of the Swedish Social Democratic League and Member of the Board of the Federation of Workers' Educational Associations. Responsabilities within the social democratic party, the Federation of social democratic youth, the association Ordfront, of Help to Childhood. SKF and the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League, Göteborg, National Board of the Social Democratic Party, Stockholm County Council, ARE-bolagen, Tornborg and Lundberg (construction machinery) and the Social Insurance Office, Göteborg. www.chez.com /vipsgov/sweden.htm   (2650 words)

Parliamentary Development   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) Parliamentary development is an integral component of internationally funded activities in democratic governance all around the world. Capacitated parliamentary institutions are critical to the establishment and consolidation of democracy since they empower ordinary people to participate in the policies that shape their lives. Parliamentary Strengthening Reference Material – UNDP compilation of technical series publications of the UNDP's Parliamentary Strengthening Development Programme www.undp.org.vn /projects/vie02007/parliamentary_development.htm   (1107 words)

Rafael Estrella -- Statement on the Armenian Genocide Rafael Estrella, President of NATO Parliamentary Assembly (2002) It is hard to find in the history of our common civilization such an example of uncivilized crime against humanity. As a political representative, this is what democracy and democratic parliamentary must stand firmly against. www.armenian-genocide.org /estrella.html   (123 words)

news   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) It was Christianity that created the bases of the European culture and the perception of mutual tie of the European nations, without which emergency of the integration endeavour would be impossible. The foundations of the identity of Europe are built on Christianity. Jan Figeľ, Christian Democratic Movement, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Council of the Slovak Republic, member of the Convention, former negotiator to the EU www.pis.org.pl /english/news/2003/2003-10-03.htm   (1051 words)

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