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Topic: Parliamentary monarchy

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	Constitutional monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There have been monarchies which have coexisted with constitutions which were fascist (or quasi-fascist), as was the case in Italy, Japan and Spain, or with military dictatorships, as was the case in Thailand.
		Historically, when monarchies have been abolished the royal family was usually exiled to a foreign country to prevent their presence from interfering or distracting from the new republican government.
		Hawaii was a constitutional monarchy from the unification of the of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oʻahu, Maui, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi and the Hawaiʻi (or the "Big Island") in 1810 until the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani in 1893.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parliamentary_monarchy (2321 words)

	NATO Research Fellowships 1994-1996
		Frequent parliamentary and government crises that leave a negative impact on the model of government and the social and economic state of the nation.
		Monarchy was practically abolished in September 1944, but the monarchic idea, which was dormant for half a century, has reawakened.
		The main reason for that is the clear state of the monarchy as a form of government and the clear status of the Bulgarian King and the dynasty.
	www.nato.int /acad/fellow/94-96/dimitrov/05.htm (3062 words)

	Ireland Government type - Government
		Constitutional Monarchy - a system of government in which a monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom.
		Parliamentary Democracy - a political system in which the legislature (parliament) selects the government - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor along with the cabinet ministers - according to party strength as expressed in elections; by this system, the government acquires a dual responsibility: to the people as well as to the parliament.
		Sultanate - similar to a monarchy, but a government in which the supreme power is in the hands of a sultan (the head of a Muslim state); the sultan may be an absolute ruler or a sovereign with constitutionally limited authority.
	www.indexmundi.com /ireland/government_type.html (722 words)

	Nepal: The Royal Regression And The Question Of Democratic Republic By Baburam Bhattarai
		As the monarchy representing the feudal and comprador and bureaucratic bourgeois classes is historically the strongest representative of the reactionary classes in Nepal, the parasitic classes most adversely affected by the revolutionary People's War have been increasingly rallying under the leadership of the monarchy.
		Moreover, the parliamentary forces during their twelve years long rule in between did nothing to bring about a progressive transformation in the traditionally feudal and increasingly comprador and bureaucratic capitalist socio-economic and cultural base of the society.
		Due to their own distorted class outlook and interests, these major powers in the past used to regard the monarchy and the parliamentary forces as the so-called 'two pillars of stability', and they were seen working hard to bring about a grand alliance between the two against the revolutionary democratic forces.
	www.countercurrents.org /nepal-bhattarai230305.htm (2980 words)

	:: Welcome to Monarchy.net::
		Monarchy is the one system of government where power is exercised for the good of all.
		The monarchy is a political referee, not a political player, and there is a lot of sense in choosing the referee by a different principle from the players.
		The monarchy’s most important constitutional function is simply to be there: by occupying the constitutional high ground, it denies access to more sinister forces; to a partisan or corrupt president, divisive of the nation; or even to a dictator.
	www.monarchy.net /quotations.htm (4919 words)

	Government: Parliamentary system
		Sweden is a monarchy and the king is the Head of State but he has no longer any authority in the governing of the state.
		Social Democratic and the Left Wing party still have a clause about the abolition of the monarchy in their party programmes, but today it seems more to be a matter of symbolic value.
		The office for the Parliamentary Commissioner for Judiciary and Civil Administration, (Justitieombudsmannen JO) was first created in connection with the 1809 constitutional reform, as the parliament's organ for control of the administration.
	www.sverigeturism.se /smorgasbord/smorgasbord/society/government/parlament.html (2523 words)

	Spain - King, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers
		By defining the state as a parliamentary monarchy, the Constitution makes it clear that the king is not sovereign and that sovereignty resides with the people as expressed in their democratically elected parliament.
		In between these two extremes were the reformers, who thought that the monarchy could serve as an element of stabilization during the transition to democracy.
		A compromise eventually was reached whereby the left-wing parties accepted the institution of a parliamentary monarchy as reflecting the will of the majority.
	countrystudies.us /spain/76.htm (1553 words)

	eKantipur.com - Nepal's No.1 News Portal
		But, a "constitutional monarchy", in the opinion of Schumpeter, does not qualify to be called democratic because the electorates and parliaments lack the power to impose their choice.
		From one angle, the reluctance of the King to follow the spirit of "parliamentary monarchy" was in accordance with the compromise formula that accepted constitution as a compromise document between the three forcesâ”the King, Nepali Congress and the Left parties.
		It was known that King Birendra had reservations about the role of monarchy as bestowed on it by the new constitution and hence the gradual defiance of the "dignified" role.
	www.kantipuronline.com /kolnews.php?&nid=40394 (997 words)

	The Belgian Monarchy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Belgian Monarchy Early in the year 1831, the National Congress gave Belgium a Constitution which organized the new state as a constitutional parliamentary monarchy.
		It pertains to the social dimension of the monarchy, as distinct from its political mission.
		In Belgium, the monarchy fits into the legal and rational constitutional framework, but at the same time it carries an emotional message that derives from its ancient origins and its continuity.
	www.angelfire.com /pa/ImperialRussian/royalty/belgium/belgium02.html (1998 words)

	Scoop: Monarchy As A Democratic Institution For Nepal
		To be underscored is that the universal concept of 'constitutional monarchy' is to be henceforth politically incorrect in Nepal.
		Monarchy is an institution, not a person: about that we must be clear about when judging its performance or demarcating its role.
		All the institutions of the state are being tested -- be they the monarchy, parliament, judiciary, political parties and the national administrative and security services--for their capacity to lead, unite and protect the rule of law and promote electoral democracy.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/HL0607/S00290.htm (1992 words)

	Chapter 3: Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain
		Although the Spanish army was spared the ordeal of the Western front, it was a protagonist in the political and social struggle that marked the collapse of the parliamentary regime in the postwar period.
		The first step in the breakdown of the parliamentary monarchy was the emergence of the military Juntas de Defensa in 1917.
		Republican and Socialist rhetoric increasingly stressed the extensive power of the monarchy under the Spanish Constitution of 1876; in a well-publicized speech in the Socialist Casa del Pueblo in Madrid on February 27, the Catalan Republican Marcelino Domingo had laid the entire responsibility for the Moroccan war at the foot of the throne.
	libro.uca.edu /boyd/chapter3.htm (11031 words)

	Saopštenje
		Near the end of last year and on the eve of the parliamentary elections in Serbia, a letter was sent to Crown Prince Alexander II Karadjordjevic by His Holiness Serbian Patriarch Pavle, containing a proposal to raise the issue of reestablishment of monarchy in Serbia.
		Is it necessary to organize a referendum, or continue where monarchy was abolished, is it good at all to turn a republic into monarchy, were only some of the questions that could be heard.
		In a Parliamentary Monarchy the parliament is elected in free and fair elections and the Prime Minister rules with his cabinet.
	www.royalfamily.org /press/press-det/stampa-752.htm (1777 words)

	Fight Back! - April 2006 - On the Verge of Revolution in Nepal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Nepal is one of the poorest countries in the world, run by a semi-feudal monarchy that is dominated by imperialism.
		What he meant was that Nepal would return to the parliamentary monarchy setup that Nepal has had since 1990 and that he had dissolved in February 2005 when he took total power.
		There were already hundreds of thousands of people in the street demanding an end to the monarchy entirely, not a return to a parliamentary monarchy.
	www.fightbacknews.org /2006/02/nepal.htm (688 words)

	Maoist Information Bulletin-8
		The fake and puppet monarchy raised after the infamous palace massacre on June 1, 2001 in Nepal is now facing a massive countrywide movement for its overthrow and replacement with a republican system of government.
		However, because of the vacillating posture of the major parliamentary parties and support from some international forces the regicidal and fratricidal culprits managed to stabilize themselves in the throne.
		However this time the leaders of the parliamentary parties seem to be more sceptical with the ‘King’ and not likely to be easily trapped in his conspiratorial net.
	cpnm.org /new/English/documents/information_bulletin8.htm (2913 words)

	Saopštenje
		That means lobbying and contacts with all members of the parliament, as well as with the elected government, and organization and cooperation with the media, in order to explain all the advantages of constitutional parliamentary monarchy.
		What our citizens and our politicians must know is that constitutional parliamentary monarchy is not an instant solution, but the only system that provides respect of everybody regardless of their religious or ethnic origin – points out Crown Prince Alexander.
		Many EU members are constitutional parliamentary monarchies, not to mention other examples in the world.
	www.royalfamily.org /press/press-det/stampa-693_eng.htm (442 words)

	Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		As the monarchy representing the feudal and comprador and bureaucratic bourgeois classes is historically the strongest representative of the reactionary classes in Nepal, the parasitic classes most adversely affected by the people’s war, have been increasingly rallying under the leadership of the monarchy.
		Historically, the major parliamentary political forces, viz, the Nepali Congress and latter the revisionist UML, enjoy no independent class base of their own, tend to represent a hodge-podge of class forces ranging from the feudals and comprador and bureaucratic bourgeoisie to the petty-bourgeoisie and constantly take vacillating and conciliatory political positions.
		Moreover, the parliamentary forces during their 12-year long rule did nothing to bring about a progressive transformation in the traditionally feudal and increasingly comprador and bureaucratic capitalist socio-economic and cultural base of the society.
	www.epw.org.in /showArticles.php?root=2005&leaf=04&filename=8494&filetype=html (3036 words)

	19th century French politics
		The victorious allies restore the monarchy: Louis VIII (heir to Louis XVI who was overthrown in the French Revolution) becomes king.
		Parliamentary government, franchise wider but still restricted to landowners and bourgeoisie.
		Parliamentary republic, parliament elected by universal male suffrage.
	www.thuto.org /ubh/ub/h202/fr19p1.htm (887 words)

	The Executive. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The political form of the Spanish State is that of a Parliamentary Monarchy.
		The main instrument which the parliamentary forces have at their disposal to exercise control over the Government is known as the censure motion or constructive vote of censure which the Constitution provides for and regulates in Articles 113 and 114.
		The Government must leave office after a general election, in the event of a loss of parliamentary confidence as provided for in the Constitution, or on the resignation or death of the prime minister.
	www.sispain.org /english/politics/form/executiv.html (270 words)

	[No title]
		The monarchy was dependent on the House of Lords and the House of Commons, which represented parliament, to grant its consent for extraordinary revenue requested by the crown in times of extraordinary need such as in war.
		The Declaration of Rights represented constitutional changes to the power of the monarchy in that to prorogue Parliament or raise taxes without consent were declared illegal and treasonous, as was the upkeep of a standing army without parliamentary agreement.
		By using parliamentary taxes, interest payments and guarantees to secure loans which effectively became National Debts, the states need for parliament was dramatically increased to the extent were it was financially dependent upon it in periods of war.
	www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz /yalini.sundralingam/110files/wp2/ParliamentEssay.doc (2038 words)

	Chapter 12: Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain
		Ironically, the cabinet formed in desperation on September 3 to save the parliamentary system triggered the pronunciamiento by convincing the military conspirators that the regime might continue to stagger from one crisis to the next without succumbing unless the army delivered the coup de grace.
		On the other hand, the outcome of the parliamentary investigation was of exceptional interest to Alfonso XIII, who must have appreciated its implications for the future of the monarchy.
		Deprived of its natural growth, the parliamentary monarchy could not serve as an adequate vehicle for the expression of popular sovereignty once the military dictatorship had disappeared.
	libro.uca.edu /boyd/chapter12.htm (4984 words)

	Parliament of Australia: Education - Parliament An Overview
		The Parliament consists of the Queen (represented by the Governor-General) and two Houses (the Senate and the House of Representatives).
		The Prime Minister is appointed by the Governor-General, who by convention under the Constitution, must appoint the parliamentary leader of the party, or coalition of parties, which has a majority of seats in the House of Representatives.
		The functions of the High Court are to interpret and apply the law of Australia; to decide cases of special federal significance including challenges to the constitutional validity of laws; and to hear appeals, by special leave, from Federal, State and Territory courts.
	www.aph.gov.au /parl.htm (827 words)

	Government type. The World Factbook. 2003
		parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are represented locally by coprinces' representatives
		parliamentary republic; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974
		constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; began debating republic status in 1992
	www.bartleby.com /151/fields/42.html (703 words)

	Euskal Herria Journal \| A Basque Journal \| News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Thus, monarchy was re-established in Spain after the death of the dictator in November 20, 1975.
		On December 6, 1978, the Spanish Constitution, pacted by the left and the right, was approved by referendum with worrying results: 33% of the census did not vote thus, the 15.7 million 'Yes' votes represented 58% of the total census, and 1.4 million 'No' an 8%.
		Thus, any decisions made by one or another generation of Spaniards, the permanent and the unalterable in Spain as a political entity, throughout the centuries, is to be a parliamentary monarchy.
	www.ehj-navarre.org /news/n_conpol_pp900.html (1383 words)

	DD Units - Up. Prim. - Parliament vs Monarch - Teacher notes
		Although it combines democracy with monarchy, sovereignty (the power to make decisions about how we are governed) resides with the people.
		The power of the monarchy was more seriously challenged in seventeenth-century England.
		The power of parliament barely survived Cromwell's death, but with the restoration of the monarchy came new problems centred largely on the issue of Catholic emancipation and the likelihood of a Catholic succession.
	www.curriculum.edu.au /ddunits/teacher/up1parl.htm (572 words)

	[No title]
		A nationwide public opinion poll has shown that the Nepali people overwhelmingly want a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy—two provisions to which King Gyanendra reiterated his commitment during his royal proclamation two months ago.
		By disagreeing with the demand of the political parties for restoration of the house, the Maoist demand for constituent assembly and their preference for a constitutional monarchy, the people are sending ar message that they want all three forces to come together and resolve differences.
		The people overwhelmingly reject republicanism and an absolute monarchy, and if the proportion of those undecided on the role of the monarchy (14 percent) is excluded, support for constitutional monarchy becomes 63 percent.
	www.nepal.nl /nieuwsarchief/nieuws/nepalitimes/NT050321-1.htm (691 words)

	blog.myspace.com/monarchies
		In modern Constitutional Parliamentary Monarchies, the Parliament and the Government rule and are elected in elections, just like in a republic.
		That is the reason why Constitutional Parliamentary Monarchies are often more stable: for example the United Kingdom, Sweden, Holland, Belgium, and Spain Spain is an exceptional example of a country that Monarchy with King Juan Carlos returned to the path the success and respect after decades of problems.
		In Constitutional Parliamentary Monarchies the King is the protector of public interest: there is no personal or party interest.
	blog.myspace.com /index.cfm?fuseaction=blog.view&friendID=71593443&blogID=124698361 (687 words)

	Situation and Outlook - Government
		The maximum parliamentary term is 5 years, but the Prime Minister may ask the monarch to dissolve parliament and call a general election at any time.
		Hungary’s transition to a Western style parliamentary democracy was the first and the smoothest among the former Soviet bloc, inspired be a nationalism that had lone had encouraged Hungarians to control their own destiny.
		Finland is a parliamentary democracy headed by a president as chief of state.
	www.ianr.unl.edu /kendrick/411/government-S00.html (19210 words)

	The Samuel Griffith Society: Volume 5: Chapter Ten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In the case of parliamentary democracy the Parliament is the representative and responsible institution by which the community manages and controls all its own affairs.
		The fundamental basis of parliamentary democracy as under the Constitution of the Commonwealth is that the community itself is capable of managing and controlling the whole of its affairs without exception, and that the majority of those elected to Parliament will act in government for the benefit of the whole community.
		If a parliamentary party is allowed by any means to compel those Members of Parliament who are also members of the party to vote according to the prescription of the executive government, the role of Parliament and its relation to the executive as designed in parliamentary democracy is reversed.
	www.samuelgriffith.org.au /papers/html/volume5/v5chap10.htm (3458 words)

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