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Topic: Parnassian poets

	Glossary of Poetic Terms from BOB'S BYWAY, Letter P
		Sidelight: The successful poet must be a diligent student of language -- sensitive to sounds and rhythms -- and a student of technique, through the knowledge of what forms of expression have worked effectively for other poets, past and present, in order to develop, master, and expand his or her art.
		While most often used to describe the poet's liberty to depart from prosaic diction and standard syntactical structures to achieve a desired effect, poetic license also includes the freedom for creative deviations from historical fact in the subject matter, such as the use of anachronisms.
		A poet honored for his artistic achievement or selected as most representative of his country or area; in England, a court official appointed by the sovereign, whose original duties included the composition of odes in honor of the sovereign's birthday and in celebration of State occasions of importance.
	www.poeticbyway.com /gl-p.html (3309 words)

	Parnassian poets - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Parnassians were a group of 19th-century French poets, so called from their journal, the Parnasse contemporain, itself named after Mount Parnassus, home of the Muses in Greek mythology.
		The Parnassians were influenced by Théophile Gautier and his doctrine of art for art's sake.
		Perhaps the most idiosyncratic of Parnassians, Olavo Bilac was an author from Brazil that managed to carefully craft verses and metre while still keeping a strong feel of emotion to them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parnassian (179 words)

	French Literature
		In these rough-hewn romances, the poet relates four or five couplets of varied rhythm, but all ending with the same refrain, an adventure of war or of love; they are called chansons de toile (spinning songs) or chansons de danse, because women sang them either as they spun and chatted or as they danced rondes.
		The Parnassian poetry is characterized, in the first place, by great striving after impersonality, the writer making it is object to avoid putting into his work anything of his own personal emotion; and next, anxious to be before all things an artist, the writer carries to excess the effort to attain perfection of form.
		The chief of the Parnassian school was Laconte de l'Isle (1820-1894); he does not take himself as the theme of his "Poèmes antiques" (1853) or his "Poèmes barbares" (1862); his theme is the history of humanity.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/f/french_literature.html (14964 words)

	Objectivist poets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Objectivist poets were a loose-knit group of second-generation Modernist s who emerged in the 1930s.
		The British poet Basil Bunting was also associated with the group, and later Lorine Niedecker became involved.
		Poets Corner An open forum for poets; features the works of amateur and professional poets, news and links.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Objectivist_poets.html (410 words)

	Introduction. Stedman, Edmund Clarence, ed. 1900. An American Anthology, 1787-1900
		The makers seem artists, rather than poets: they work in the spirit of the graver and decorator; even as idyllists their appeal is to the bodily eye; they are over-careful of the look of words, and not only of their little pictures, but of the frames that contain them,—book-cover, margin, paper, adornment.
		Our poets who sing for their own countrymen will not go far wrong, whether or not they bear in mind the quest for “local color,”—as to which it can be averred that our elder group honestly expressed the nature, life, sentiment, of its seacoast habitat, the oldest and therefore most American portion of this country.
		One or two Canadian poets, whose residence and service are now on this side of the border, are justly in such favor that I would seek to represent them here were not their songs and ballads already a choice portion of a Colonial division in the British compilation.
	www.bartelby.com /248/10000.html (7783 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of poets
		Poets by genre or movement Jump to: navigation, search The poets listed below were either born in the United States or else published much of their poetry while living in that country.
		Vincent Buckley (1927–1988), an Australian poet, teacher, editor and critic, was born in Romsey, Victoria, and was educated at both the University of Melbourne and the University of Cambridge.
		Jia Dao (779 - 843) was a Chinese poet born in Hebei.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-poets (7942 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - French Literature
		In the aristocratic poems of both the poets of the north (trouvères) and the troubadours in the south, the “I” was a standard character who represented either the perfect lover or the ideal beloved.
		The greatest lyric poet of the 18th century was André Chénier, whose fate dramatized the difficult position of writers during the French Revolution.
		Each of these poets is distinctive, and they share only the concept of poetry as a means to explore the mysteries of the world and the self.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761552714__1/French_Literature.html (10095 words)

	Poetry
		For example, in Anglo-Saxon a poet is a scop (shaper or maker) and in Scots makar.
		However, particularly since the rise of Modernism, many poets have opted for reduced use of these devices, preferring rather to attempt the direct presentation of things and experiences.
		In pre-literate societies, poetry was frequently employed as a means of recording oral history, storytelling (epic poetry), genealogy, law and other forms of expression or knowledge that modern societies might expect to be handled in prose.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/po/poetry_1.html (1459 words)

	MSN Encarta - French Literature
		The Parnassian poets announced their presence in 1866 with the publication of the journal Le Parnasse contemporain (The Contemporary Parnassus).
		Perhaps the greatest symbolist poet was Arthur Rimbaud, who wrote most of his poems before he was 19 years old.
		The Belgian poets Emile Verhaeren and Maurice Maeterlinck were also important symbolists, as were two American expatriates living in France, Francis Viélé-Griffin and Stuart Merrill.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552714_4____35/French_Literature.html (1371 words)

	Some French Etchers And Sonneteers
		The leaders of the Parnassian movement had at first assumed the style of Les Impassibles; and, as this name indicates, they cultivated an attitude of stoic self-restraint with which was blended an element of dandyism and of disdainful indifference towards the common concerns of mankind.
		Poets old and young, and of all shades of poetic temperament, were assembled in this eclectic publication which attracted such general attention that, three years later, Lemerre, who by that time had achieved important success, issued a second series with the editorial assistance of Leconte de Lisle.
		Prominent among the poets of the second romantic generation is Leconte de Lisle who drew one of the most workmanlike of the younger etchers, Léopold Flameng, but his subject, Combat Homérique, presented an almost impossible problem for an etcher, and the result is a weak and empty outline drawing somewhat in the manner of Flaxman.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles19/prints-8.shtml (3521 words)

	Glossary Poetic Terms P
		Modern poets have also tended to avoid elision such as ne'er or 'tis and also the use of archaic terminology such as thee, thy and thou.
		Originally the poet appointed by the king or queen of England to write occasional verse to celebrate royal or national events.
		Ben Jonson was the first official poet laureate although Edmund Spenser did receive a pension from Elizabeth I after flattering her in The Faerie Queene.
	www.poetsgraves.co.uk /glossary_poetic_terms_p.htm (1439 words)

	Brazilian literature. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The two major Brazilian romantic poets were Antônio Gonçalves Dias, who glorified the indigenous people and the native soil, and Antônio de Castro Alves, a leader in the fight for the abolition of slavery.
		Contemporary with Machado de Assis were the Parnassian poets, headed by Olavo Bilac, but theirs was an isolated trend.
		The novels of Antônio Callado and Darcy Ribeiro depict the clash of political and social forces and the collapse of traditional ways of life.
	www.bartleby.com /65/br/Brazilia.html (735 words)

	Pierrot Lunaire: The Melodramas
		The themes of this poetry included the poet's inspiration, the nostalgia of an imagination recoiling from reality which looks outside of time, outside of space, in the sublimities of feeling, in the effusions of dreams remembered, regret, inspiration, incantation of the past, the unknown, the impossible - the dream in conflict with reality (Goffin, 4).
		Beauty in poetry did not follow the principles of the previous generation of Parnassian poets whose impeccably formed poems (according to Giraud) sought formal beauty in an impersonal imitation of life's passions, were filled with incomprehensible pedantry, and, in their sterile landscapes, denied the human element.
		His influence as a poet, essayist, unforgiving polemicist for the artistic causes he believed in, and a musician of virtuosity have secured his reputation among generations of readers, artists, composers and actors especially for his lyrical and fantastic poem cycle, Pierrot Lunaire.
	www.columbia.edu /ccnmtl/draft/marcr/pierrot/poem_giraudbio.html (1073 words)

	Greatest Hungarian Poets
		From the mid-18th century to the 1848 War of Independence, literary growth was accelerated by the Enlightenment, romanticism, and opposition to the Habsburgs.
		The poets Sandor PETOFI and Janos ARANY and the novelists Jozsef EOTVOS and Maurus JOKAI raised poetry and fiction to new heights.
		The poets Imre MADACH, Janos Vajda, and Gyula Reviczky and the novelist Kalman Mikszath added significantly to the contributions of Arany and Jokai, but the age was not noteworthy.
	www.zoltech.net /h/poets.html (1154 words)

	DITL - article PARNASSE; PARNASSIENS/ Parnassianism; Parnassians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Parnassians rejected the intimate confessions, the eloquent emotionalism, and the sentimentality of such poets as Victor Hugo, Alfred de Musset and Alphonse de Lamartine.
		Precursors of the Parnassian school, such as Charles Baudelaire, Théophile Gautier and Théodore de Banville, had established in art an aestheticism born from desire to break with the often banal prose of their era.
		The Parnassian poets built on these notions and turned toward the scientific spirit of their age, embodied in the positivist philosophy of Auguste Comte.
	www.ditl.info /art/definition.php?term=478 (1394 words)

	* Irene's Country Corner * - Brasil - The Arts
		Some of the best known literary figures of the Romantic Period were poets such as Antônio Gonçalves Dias, who glorified the indigenous people and the native soil, and Antônio de Castro Alves (1847-1871), a leader in the fight for the abolition of slavery.
		The Parnassian school of poetry was in Brazil as well as in France, a reaction to the excesses of the Romantics.
		Among the famous Brazilian Parnassian poets are Olavo Bilac (1865-1918), Raimundo Corrêa (1860-1911), and Alberto de Oliveira (1859-1937).
	www.irenescorner.com /home/braziliancorner/arts (2129 words)

	James Elroy Flecker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		James Elroy Flecker (November 5, 1884- January 3, 1915) was an English poet, novelist and playwright.
		As a poet he was most influenced by the Parnassian poets.
		He was born in London, and educated at Dean Close school, where his father was headmaster, and Uppingham School.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/James_Elroy_Flecker (203 words)

	Parnassian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Parnassians were influenced by Théophile Gautier and hisdoctrine of art for art's sake.
		In reaction to thelooser forms of romantic poetry, they strove for exact and faultless workmanship, selecting exotic and classical subjects whichthey treated with rigidity of form and emotional detachment.
		Perhaps the mostidyosincratic of Parnassians, Olavo Bilac was an author from Brazil that managed to carefully craft verses and metre while still keeping a strong feel ofemotion to them.
	www.therfcc.org /parnassian-11296.html (151 words)

	Movement Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Movement was a term coined by J. Scott, literary editor of the Spectator, in 1954 to describe a group of writers including Kingsley Amis, Philip Larkin, Donald Alfred Davie, D.J. Enright, John Wain, Elizabeth Jennings and Robert Conquest.
		The polemic introduction to New Lines targeted in particular the 1940s poets, the generation of Dylan Thomas and George Barker — though not by name.
		A second New Lines anthology appeared in 1963, by which time The Movement was a spent force, in terms of fashion; the 'underground' in the shape of The Group, and the more American-influenced style of the Al Alvarez anthology The New Poetry having come to the fore.
	www.wikiverse.org /movement-literature (452 words)

	Parnassian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Issued from 1866 to 1876 it included poems of Charles Leconte de Lisle Théodore de Banville Sully-Prudhomme Paul Verlaine François Coppée and José María de Heredia.
		Perhaps the most idyosincratic of Olavo Bilac was an author from Brazil that managed to carefully craft verses metre while still keeping a strong feel emotion to them.
		I have looked all over for a CD of Popper etudes and as far as I can tell this is the only recording of it's kind.
	www.freeglossary.com /Parnassian (237 words)

	Parnasian - Secondary author(s): Parnasian, N. ( ed) and Simonian, S. (ed). Secondary author(s): Parnasian, N. ( ed) ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Parnassian - the dark gothic poetry of dementia.
		Originally, the Parnassian poetic stance grew out of a reaction against the lyric excesses of Precursors of the Parnassian school, such as Charles Baudelaire, Théophile Gautier and.
		Com is a free searchable nature and wildlife database Discussion The Clodius Parnassian is the only parnassian whose distribution is restricted to North same mountains as the Phoebus Parnassian but Clodius usually flies at lower.
	www.destarter.com /Parnassian/Parnasian.html (295 words)

	José Martí (1853-1895)
		If further work with modernista poetics is desired, exposure to the ideals of Parnassian poets and the musicality of symbolist writers should be considered.
		Of significance to an American poet in New York in the latter half of the nineteenth century was Ralph Waldo Emerson and Walt Whitman.
		In a necrological note, published in Caracas in 1882, Martí describes Emerson as "a man who found himself alive, shook from his shoulders and his eyes all the mantles and all the blindfolds that past times place over men, and lived face to face with nature, as if all earth was his home.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/marti.html (693 words)

	Objectivist poets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Objectivist poets were a loose-knit group of second-generation Modernists who emerged in the 1930s.
		The basic tenets of Objectivist poetics were to treat the poem as an object and to emphasise sincerity, intelligence, and thepoet's ability to look clearly at the world.
		Although neglected by the critics until the 1960s, the Objectivists were to prove highly influential and were admired bywriters as diverse as Cid Corman, the Beats and the L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets.
	www.therfcc.org /objectivist-poets-11295.html (206 words)

	Glossary of Poetic Terms from BOB'S BYWAY, Letter H
		Sidelight: Poems written in heroic couplets, such as Pope's The Rape of the Lock, are especially subject to the danger of metrical monotony, which poets avoid by variations in their placement of caesuras.
		So named because it is the form in which epic poetry of heroic exploits is generally written, its rhyme scheme is abab, composed in iambic pentameter verse in English, hexameter in Greek and Latin, ottava rima in Italian.
		An ode relating to or resembling the works or style of the Roman poet, Horace, consisting of a series of uniform stanzas, complex in their metrical system and rhyme scheme.
	www.poeticbyway.com /gl-h.html (1302 words)

	Anatole France
		He became member of the Parnassian group of poets, Gautier, Catulle, Mendes and others, and built himself a high reputation in the literature circles.
		In 1876 France was appointed with the help of the leading Parnassian poet Leconte de Lisle (1818-1894) an assistant librarian for the French Senate, a post he held fourteen years.
		The poet Paul Valéry succeeded to Anatole France's chair and delivered an unconventional address upon his predecessor.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /afrance.htm (1513 words)

	PARNASSIAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Date "PARNASSIAN" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321.
		The Parnassian were a group of 19th-century French poets, so called from their journal, the Parnasse contemporain.
		Perhaps the most idyosincratic of Parnassians, Olavo Bilac was an author from Brazil that managed to carefully craft verses and metre while still keeping a strong feel of emotion to them.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Pa/Parnassian.html (426 words)

	Parnassian poets - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Parnassian poets - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 12:30, 16 May 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Parnassian poets contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Parnassian (186 words)

	Poets.org - Poetry, Poems, Bios & More - A Brief Guide to Modernismo
		While its greatest influences were French symbolism and the Parnassian school of poets, elements of classical Spanish poetry and the influence of American poets like Edgar Allan Poe and Walt Whitman could also be detected in the work of the movement.
		The Cuban poet and revolutationary José Martí was a forerunner to the movement, which can trace its birth to the publication of Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío's book Azul (Blue) in 1888, regarded as an international sensation.
		Although the movement itself was largely over by 1920, it continued to influence Spanish and Latin American poets throughout the rest of the twentieth century, including a Brazilian renaissance in 1922 also named "modernismo" largely enacted by Mário and Oswald de Andrade.
	www.poets.org /viewmedia.php/prmMID/5665 (261 words)

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