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Topic: Parnavaz I of Iberia

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	Iberia Flights
		Iberia Airlines of Spain, often shortened to Iberia, is the name of the national airline of Spain.
		In 317 it was adopted as the state religion by the rulers of Iberia, king Mirian II and queen Nana.
		The term "Caucasian Iberia" is used to distinguish it from the Iberian peninsula, where the nations of Spain and Portugal are located.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/112/iberia-flights.html (1566 words)

	Caucasian Iberia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Caucasian Iberia is the term designated to the Kingdom of Iberia (4th century BC–5th century AD) established in Eastern Georgia by the Georgians (Kartvelians).
		The king of Iberia, Parnavaz I was a reformer of the Georgian alphabet (284 BC).
		In 337 it was adopted as the state religion by the rulers of Iberia, King Mirian and Queen Nana.
	www.casimiro.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/c/ca/caucasian_iberia.html (189 words)

	Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Iberia apparently became a part of the Sasanian state during the reign of Shapur I (240-70), who listed Iberia as one of the lands that paid him tribute (Melikishvili, pp.
		Iberia thus became a tributary state, and an Arab amir was installed in Tbilisi about 653.
		Between the Arabs' consolidation of their position in eastern Georgia in the 730s and the emergence of the Safavid dynasty in Persia at the beginning of the 16th century, the Georgian kingdom was revived, experienced a period of glory, and then declined in the face of powerful new enemies.
	rustaveli.tripod.com /cgi-bin/geoiran.htm (6664 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Caucasian Iberia
		Iberia was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli (4th century BC-5th century AD) corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia.
		Iberia became a tributary of the Sassanian state during the reign of Shapur I (241-272).
		Iberia thus became a tributary state and an Arab emir was installed in Tbilisi about 653.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Transcaucasian_Iberia (1729 words)

	GEORGIAN HISTORY
		Mtskheta became the capital of this Kingdom, and the residence of the Kings of Iberia was the citadel on the high mountain opposite to Mtskheta - Armaztsikhe.
		During the Wars of Mithridate, Iberia was his ally against Rome, that became a reason for invasion of a famous Roman General - Pompeus, on its territory in 65 y.
		Besides, Iberia controlled the most important Passes of Central Caucasus, by which it protected the Asian domains of Rome from the invasion of the warrior tribes from the Northern Caucasus.
	www.parliament.ge /pages/archive_en/history/his2.html (930 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		B.C., Parnavaz, the king of East Georgian Kingdom - Iberia ("Kartli" -in Georgian language) - unified the territory from the Caucasus Range down to the source of the Euphrates-River.
		According to the legend, Christianity was reintroduced to Kartli (Iberia) by the Preacher Nino from Cappadokia.
		Iberia became one of the first states in the world to convert to Christianity in AD 317 (or 337), when King of Iberia Mirian III established it as the official state religion.
	tbileli.o-f.com /history.htm (2491 words)

	Pharnavaz I of Iberia: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pharnavaz I (also written Parnavaz, P’arnawaz, or Farnavaz) (Georgian: ფარნავაზი) (ca 335-237 BC) was the first king of the ancient Georgian kingdom of Iberia (Kartli) in ca 302-237 BC.
		Founder of the royal dynasty of Pharnavazians, he is also said to have established a new official religion, a variation of Zoroastrianism, and to have reformed a Georgian alphabet and written language.
		Azo died on the battlefield and Pharnavaz was crowned the king of Iberia.
	advantacell.com /wiki/Pharnavaz_I_of_Iberia (443 words)

	Kingdoms of Eastern Europe - Georgia
		Iberia was the sole main Georgian kingdom of late antiquity - occupying the east of Georgia - while the west was fractured and occupied by various tribes and kingdoms until the Kingdom of Egrisi was forged in the 3rd and 4th centuries.
		Iberia was a rich, densely inhabited country which consisted of highland and lowland areas.
		Iberia is an ally of the kingdom of Pontus against
	www.history.kessler-web.co.uk /KingListsEurope/EasternGeorgia.htm (2319 words)

	Georgia:History
		Egrisi was repelling the Byzantines and Kartli (Iberia) the Persians.
		In the reign of Vakhtang Vl (1703-1724) Kartli (Iberia) was on the upgrade thanks to the king's wise policy and calm that reigned in the land.
		According to the manifesto, the kingdom of Kartli (Iberia) and Kakheti was declared a gubernia (province) of Russia.
	www.cac-biodiversity.org /geo/geo_history.htm (14606 words)

	HISTORY OF IRANIAN-GEORGIAN RELATION - (CAIS) ©
		The first king of Iberia, the ancient name for the territory of present-day Kartli (Kârtîl) and Kakheti (Kâkhet), or eastern Georgia, was the half-legendary Parnavaz (S. Kaukhchishvili, ed., I, pp.
		Iberia apparently became a part of the Sasanian state during the reign of Šâpûr I (240-70), who in his famous inscription at Ka´ba-ye Zardošt (l.3) listed Iberia (Wiržân) as one of the lands that paid him tribute (Melikishvili, pp.
		Iberia thus became a tributary state, and an Arab amir was installed in Tbilisi about 653 (Balâdhorî, Fotûh, pp.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/iranian_georgian_relation.htm (5238 words)

	Parnavaz_i_of_iberia info here at en.athletic-administration.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		If you are Parnavaz I of Iberia ambitious, you can even plant with blooming times in mind so that everything happens when you want it to, in sequence.
		Pharnavaz I (also written Parnavaz, Pâarnawaz, or Farnavaz) (Georgian: á¤áá ááá•áá—á) (ca 335-237 BC) was the king of the ancient Georgian kingdom of Iberia (Kartli) in ca 302-237 BC.
		Azo died on the battlefield and Pharnavaz was crowned the rex of Iberia.
	en.athletic-administration.info /Parnavaz_I_of_Iberia (589 words)

	history
		The kingdom of Kartli is linked to the name of King Parnavaz (the founder of the Parnavazi dynasty), who expelled invaders from Georgia and began to reign over a liberated country.
		At the end of the IV century, B.C. Parnavaz unified the territory from the Caucasus till the Euphrates River.
		Iberia was strategically located along the Silk Road that transversed from India and the Far East to Greece.
	web.bryant.edu /~ehu/h385nis/sisco/history.html (7037 words)

	Iranica.com - GEORGIA ii.
		The first king of Iberia, the ancient name for the territory of present-day Kartli (Ka@rt^l) and Kakheti (Ka@kòet), or eastern Georgia, was the half-legendary Parnavaz (S. Kaukhchishvili, ed., I, pp.
		Iberia apparently became a part of the Sasanian state during the reign of ˆa@pu@r I (240-70), who in his famous inscription at Ka¿ba-ye Zardoæt (l.3) listed Iberia (Wir‘a@n) as one of the lands that paid him tribute (Melikishvili, pp.
		Iberia thus became a tributary state, and an Arab amir was installed in Tbilisi about 653 (Bala@dòor^, Fotu@há, pp.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v10f5/v10f504b.html (5174 words)

	iberiana_iberia_en (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The king of Iberia, Parnavaz I unified the territory from the Caucasus Range till the source of the River Euphrates and was a reformer of the
		Residence of the Kings of Iberia was the citadel on the high mountain opposite to Mtskheta - Armaztsikhe.
		According to the legend, the tunic is buried with in the holy ground of Mtskheta.
	iberiana.iatp.ge /iberia_en.htm (435 words)

	Iberia Kia New (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When Nick iberia kia new and Kia arrive for try-outs for the basketball team they played on the previous year, they are surprised to learn that their coach is retiring.
		Practices are long iberia kia new and hard iberia kia new and not nearly as much fun as they used to be.
		New Iberia, Louisiana - The small city of New Iberia is the parish seat of Iberia Parish, in the US state of Louisiana, 125 miles (201 km) west of New Orleans.
	ne78.3rdfaze.info /iberiakianew.html (1451 words)

	Georgia
		Whereas the Eastern part of Georgia in the XIII century BC was called Diaokhi or Tao, and later in VII-VI century BC it was called Iberia (with its ancient capital Mtskheta).
		Indeed, the very name "Georgia" is not part of the language at all; we owe it to the Romans who applied a Latin word for "farming" to the region, presumably in reference to its rich and well-worked soil.
		One of the hypotheses highly speculated by the scholars stated that the Iberians were the tribes which migrated from the South Caucasus towards the West where some reached the Iberian Peninsula, and some of them went as far north as the British Isles.
	www.geocities.com /dani_zsw/Georgia.htm (5295 words)

	"Mtskheta" by Valerian Mamukelashvili - from Besiki Sisauir's Web Site
		The first King of Iberia Parnavaz erected it and he called it the name of the moon "Arma".
		It was much loved first, as it was a capital and also the source nourishing the nation's spiritual life, an abode of idols and chapels.
		A historian mentioned about the first Georgian King Parnavaz (his court being in Mtskheta) that he enriched the Georgian language so that no other language was preferred and "he was the creator of the Georgian alphabet".
	b.sisauri.tripod.com /lit/mtskheta/mtskheta.html (3651 words)

	BORJOMI 2014 - bid committee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Georgia and the Caucasus have always been viewed as an integral part of the cradle of civilization the Mediterranean and from historic point of view, as well as conceptually, it is perceived within the context of Greek and Byzantine civilization.
		Iberia, or the kingdom of Kartli, which was created by King Parnavaz was the first unified kingdom which managed to unite the eastern and western Kartvelian tribes.
		By the way, it is King Parnavaz, to whom the invention of Georgian alphabet is attributed.
	www.borjomi2014.ge /home.php?lang=eng&country=ture§ion=history (1337 words)

	NINO BIGVAVA - Personal Web Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		King Parnavaz I expelled the invaders from Georgia and began to reign over the liberated country.
		The Meskhians, who preserved and carried over cultural and religious traditions inherited from the Hittites and other nations of Asia Minor, played an active role in the creation of the kingdom, where the god of the Moon, Armazi, and the goddess of fertility, Zadeni, both names of Hittite origin, became the chief deities.
		During Parnavaz I’s reign, Armazistsikhe, the citadel of the capital, and an idol representing the god Armazi, were erected.
	www.bigvava.ge /thekingdom.html (1177 words)

	Republic of Georgia
		In the third century B.C. the Kingdom of Kartli or Iberia was established in Eastern Georgia, with its capital in Mtskheta.
		As "King of the Abkhazians" came first in the title of the kings of unified Georgia, in foreign sources Abkhazian was used generally in meaning of Georgian, and Abkhazia as designating Georgia.
		As is known, at the end of the 15th century, the unified Georgian state disintegrated into four independent states: the Kingdoms of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti and the Principality of Samtskhe, Abkhazia was part of the Kingdom of Imereti.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/georgian/history.html (6867 words)

	Georgia
		The Karts, the largest Georgian tribe, gave their name to the Georgians, that is Kartveli,as well as Sakartvelo, which means the land inhabited by Georgians.
		Eastern Georgia, Iberia of which the Greek geographer Strabo wrote: "We think of Greece almost exclusively as the cradle of Western civilization, but Georgia has a right to dispute this claim, and Georgians tend to be upset when they find out how little modern Westerners know about them.
		Georgia was one of the first Christian countries; some of the coastal villages have been continuously Christian since the first century.
	www.georgiapromo.info /history.html (1781 words)

	Informat.io on Georgian Alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, many of the letter forms are similar to contemporary Sassanian Persian and Sogdian scripts, while the left-to-right writing direction and the order of the alphabet are Greek.
		Georgian historical tradition attributes the invention of the Georgian alphabet to Parnavaz I of Iberia in the 3rd century BC.
		One of the more contentious is that the asomtavruli alphabet was invented in 412 BC by Georgian priests of the cult of Matra (Persian Mithra), and reformed in 284 BC by king Parnavaz I of Iberia.
	www.informat.io /?title=georgian-alphabet (518 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		IV century B.C. strong state of Georgia Kartli (Iberia) was created.
		King Parnavaz has done great services in strengthening Kartli.
		Parnavaz was able to defeat the enemy and gain the independence for the country.
	www.geotc.net /histori/ist3_en.htm (171 words)

	Georgian Manuscripts - Historical Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The early archaeological cultures of the South Caucasus (the Kura-Arax and the Trialeti) demonstrate a high degree of sophistication, and from early ancient times Georgia occupied a place in occidental and oriental historiography, folklore and mythology.
		Parallel to the kingdom of western Georgia (Egrisi, or Colchis to the ancient Greeks), situated along the Black Sea coast, in southern and eastern Georgia another state of Kartli (in what was anciently known as Iberia) united tribes speaking the Kartvelian language.
		Georgian historic tradition dates the first attempt to unite the country under King Parnavaz (Farnavazi, Pharanbazus) of Kartli at the beginning of the 3rd century BC.
	www.manuscripts.ge /en/historical.asp (2274 words)

	Iberia New Physician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The new edition has been significantly revised iberia new physician and updated to reflect the enormous changes in palliative care over the last five years.
		There is a brand new section on contributions to palliative care of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, music, art iberia new physician and speech therapists, stoma therapists, clinical pharmacists iberia new physician and clinical psychologists.
		We know, however, that it is much used by nurses iberia new physician and researchers in other disciplines, though not written primarily for them.
	ne78.3rdfaze.info /iberianewphysician.html (1014 words)

	A short history of georgian architecture :: GEORGIA :: ГРУЗИЯ ::
		In classical sources eastern Georgia is called Iberia or Caucasian Iberia, while western Georgia was known to Greeks and Romans as Colchis.
		In eastern Georgia the creation of a state is connected by historical tradition with the name of King Parnavaz, who ruled in the fourth century BC and established the first Georgian royal line.
		Their possessions are held in common by them according to families, although the eldest is ruler and steward of each estate.
	www.nukri.org /modules.php/modules/v4bJournal/rss/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=573 (4415 words)

	Parnavaz II of Iberia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parnavaz II (Bartom) (known as Pharnabazius to Romans) (d.
		32 BC) was king of Caucasian Iberia (63-32 BC), the last in Iberian Arsacid line.
		Canidius and Parnavaz marched to Albania and subdued its people.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parnavaz_II_of_Iberia (145 words)

	HRI/CORE/1/Add.90 - Core Document - Georgia
		The State of Iberia was founded in around the fourth century B.C. in the Kura River Valley in eastern Georgia.
		The chronicles tell us that later, a tsar named Parnavaz ruled over a union of western and eastern Georgia which had its capital in Mtskheta (between 299 and 234 B.C.).
		In around the first century A.D., the country was again divided into two parts: Iberia, which was under Persian influence, and Lazika, which was oriented towards Rome and Byzantium.
	hri.ca /fortherecord1998/documentation/coredocs/hri-core-1-add90.htm (6027 words)

	Asparukh of Iberia - Cambridge History of Iran
		As a result, Georgian personal names both in ancient and in modern times are a fascinating amalgam of local, indigenous ones, mingled with Classical, Biblical, Byzantine, Persian, and more recently, Russian, French and even English ones.
		Intaglio sardonyx ring bezel of the pitakhsh (governor) Asparukh of Iberia, c.
		The glories of the Sasanian era, and of Persian romantic literature, are conjured up in such popular Georgian names as Rostom, Kaikhosro and Vakhtang, also Leila and Nestan-Darejan.
	www.kroraina.com /caucas/asparukh_iberia.html (394 words)

	KARTULI IDEA - THE GEORGIAN IDEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At the end of the 2nd - begining of the 1st millennium B.C. in the south-eastern region of historical Georgia two major tribal unions arose; that of the Diaokhi (Tao) and the Kolkha, both continuing to the 8th cent.
		The oldest form of the Georgian alphabet "Asomtavruli" was invented in 412 B.C. by Georgian priests of the cult of Matra (Mitra/Mitras).
		The reformator of "Asomtavruli" in 284 B.C. was the King of Iberia Parnavaz I, the founder of the Georgian Royal dynasty of Parnavazians [15].
	www.iaphs.org /articles/urushadze-2.html (3800 words)

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