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	Paropamisadae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Paropamisadae, also called Paropamisus, is a Greek name for an ancient area of the Hindu-Kush, in the Eastern part of Afghanistan.
		The Greek name Παροπαμισάδαι or Παροπαμισσός "Paropamisadae" was used extensively in Greek literature to describe the conquests of Alexander the Great and those of the Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kings, from the 3rd to the 1st century BCE.
		The area of Paropamisadae is located to the east of Bactria, and to the north of Arachosia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paropamisadae (158 words)

	IRANIAN WORLD GANDHARA - (CAIS) ©
		In the Akkadian and Elamite versions of the same text, the name of Gandâra is replaced by that of the Paropamisadae (Akk.: pa-ar-u‚-pa-ra-e-sa-an-na; Elam.: [par-ru-ba-ra-e]-sa-na).
		The latter name is also found in later classical sources and was used to denote the foothills south of the Hindu Kush watershed, near ancient Capisa and the modern city of Kabul.
		The name of the Paropamisadae can be given an Iranian etymology, "(the land) beyond (the land) above the eagle/falcon," and would thus indicate an appellation given to the country by (Iranian) people living to the north of the Hindu Kush, namely in or near ancient Bactria (q.v.).
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Geography/gandhara.htm (782 words)

	Alexander the Great - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is perhaps the worst crime, because the most cold-blooded and ungenerous, which can be laid to his charge.
		By the winter of 329-328 Alexander had reached the Kabul valley at the foot of the Paropamisadae (Hindu Kush).
		The ordinarily received chronology makes Alexander reach the Kabul valley in the winter of 330-329.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Alexander_the_Great (7823 words)

	Yuezhi information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A posthumus, slightly barbarized, coin of Hermaeus, minted in the Paropamisadae between 50 and 25 BCE.
		The area of the Hindu-Kush (Paropamisadae) was ruled by the western Indo-Greek king until the reign of Hermaeus (reigned c.
		As they had done in Bactria with their copying of Greco-Bactrian coinage, the Yuezhi copied the coinage of Hermeaus on a vast scale, up to around 40 CE, when the design blends into the coinage of the Kushan king Kujula Kadphises.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Yuezhi?redir=1 (3035 words)

	History of the Indo-Greek Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Territories of Paropamisadae to Mathura (house of Euthydemus)
		Probably after the death of Menander I, the Paropamisadae and Arachosia broke loose, and the Western kings eventually seem to have extended into Gandhara by the following kings.
		Territories of the Paropamisadae, Arachosia and Gandhara (130 - 95 BCE):
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_the_Indo-Greek_Kingdom (935 words)

	Merv - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The oasis is situated on the southern edge of the Kara-kum Desert, in 37° 30’ N. and 62°E. It is about 230 miles north from Herat, and 280 mi.
		The great chain of mountains which, under the names of Paropamisadae and Hindu Kush, extends from the Caspian Sea to the Pamir Mountains is interrupted some 180 mi.
		Through or near this gap flow northwards in parallel courses the rivers Heri-rud (Tejend) and Murghab, until they lose themselves in the desert of Kara-kum.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Merv (2092 words)

	History of Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		His direct pursuit of Bessus was, however, checked by revolt in Aria (Herat).
		Turning south, covering 75 miles in two days, he quickly subdued the surprised rebels and moved on into Drangiana (along the Hilmand) and from there relentlessly pushed on into Arachosia (Kandahar and Ghazni), on to Paropamisadae (Kabul-Charikar), up the Panjsher Valley and over the Khawak Pass to Drapsaka (Kunduz).
		The two chief cities of Bactria, Aornos (Tashkurghan) and Bactra (Balkh), surrendered without resistance in the spring of 329 B.C. Establishing a base camp at Bactra, Alexander pursued the rebels across the Oxus.
	www.afghanan.net /afghanistan/alexander.htm (429 words)

	Iranica.com - iv. POLITICAL AND CULTURAL RELATIONS: SELEUCID, PARTHIAN, SASANIAN PERIODS
		305 B.C.E. It ended, however, with the cession of the territories of Paropamisadae, Aria, Arachosia, and Gedrosia to a new Indian king, Candragupta Maurya.
		This settlement was probably sealed by a marriage contract between the two ruling houses and the delivery of 500 war elephants.
		The introduction of Indian elements into Iran is linked to the expansion of Buddhism westward (see Tardieu, 1988); it is Buddhism, in particular, that connects the east (Paropamisadae) and south (Arachosia) of Afghanistan to the Indian cultural sphere.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v13f1/v13f1006_iv.html (2716 words)

	Indo-Greek Kingdom
		The Indo-Greek territory was divided into two realms: the house of Menander retreated to their territories east of the Jhelum River as far as Mathura, whereas the Western kings ruled a larger kingdom of Paropamisadae, western Punjab and Arachosia to the south.
		From around 180 BC, Agathocles and Pantaleon, probable successors to Demetrius I in the Paropamisadae, and the earliest Greek kings to issue Indian-standard square bilingual coins (in Brahmi), depicted the Buddhist lion together with the Hindu goddess Lakshmi.
		Chinese chronicles (the Hou Hanshu) actually tend to suggest that the Chinese general Wen-Chung had helped negotiate the alliance of Hermaeus with the Yuezhi, against the Indo-Scythians.[38] When Hermaeus is depicted on his coins riding a horse, he is equipped with the recurve bow and bow-case of the steppes.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/History/IndoGreekKingdom.html (10351 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1195 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If this notice is correct, and the Tyrannion meant is the second of that name, he must have reached a very advanced age when he commenced this treatise, even supposing him to have been young when he was brought to Rome.
		327 was appointed by Alexander the Great to the satrapy of the Paropamisadae, west of the river Cophen.
		In the following year Alexander commissioned him and Philippus to reduce the Assacenians, who had revolted (Arr.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3529.html (974 words)

	Iranica.com - INDO-GREEK DYNASTY
		The Yüeh-chih, who had already invaded Bactria, crossed the Hindu Kush mountains, the natural barrier which had protected the Mauryan empire from the Greek expansion and had subsequently buttressed the Indo-Greek kingdom from nomadic invasion.
		Then, fifty years later (about 70 B.C.E.), they conquered the Paropamisadae and Gandhara, dethroning Hermaeus.
		Having penetrated into the Paropamisadae, these nomadic conquerors began, as they were accustomed to, to imitate the coins of Hermaeus, the last Greek king to rule in these regions.
	www.iranica.com /articles/supp4/Indo_Greeks.html (921 words)

	Kambojas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Later, some sections of the Kambojas crossed the Hindukush and planted Kamboja colonies in Paropamisadae and as far as Rajauri.
		The two separate Kamboja settlements are also substantiated from Ptolemy's Geography, which references a geographical term Tambyzoi located on the river Oxus in Bactria,
		The Yidga sub-dialect of Galcha Munjani is still spoken on the southern sides of Hindukush in Paropamisadae, further strengthening the view that some Kambojas crossed south of the Hindukush.
	72.232.68.234 /cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/010110A/687474703a2f2f656e2e77696b6970656469612e6f72672f77696b692f4b616d626f6a6173 (5333 words)

	Ashvakas - KambojSociety.com
		The Ashvakas were located in the eastern parts of modern Afghanistan in the intervening river valleys starting from Laghman in the west up to river Sindhu in the east.
		Their main concentrations were in Kunar RiverKunar and Swat RiverSwat valleys on the north of river Kabol in Paropamisadae.
		Ancient Sanskrit literature also refers to another clan called Ashmaka or Assaka which represented an Indo-AryansIndo-Aryan JanapadasJanapada located on river Godavari in south-west India.
	www.kambojsociety.com /Ashvakas.asp (2374 words)

	Kambojas - KambojSociety.com
		The two separate Kamboja settlements are also substantiated from
		Geography, which references a geographical term Tambyzoi located on the river Oxus in Badakshan, and an Ambautai people living on the southern side of Hindukush in the Paropamisadae
		With time, the trans-Hindukush Kambojas remained essentially Iranian in culture and religion, while those in the cis-Hindukush region came under Indian cultural influence.
	www.kambojsociety.com /Kambojas.asp (4104 words)

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