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Topic: Parrotbill

In the News (Wed 23 Dec 09)

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	Native Birds Of Hawai`i - Maui Parrottbill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Conservation Note: The population of the endangered Maui Parrotbill is estimated to be approximately 500 birds.
		Parrotbills forage for food in the subcanopy trees and understory plants of the forest.
		One of the goals of the recovery plan for the Maui Parrotbill is to remove feral goats, pigs, cattle, and axis deer from essential habitat.
	www.state.hi.us /dlnr/consrvhi/forestbirds/pbill.html (379 words)

	mauiparrotbill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Maui Parrotbill is restricted to the Ohia forest on a center of distribution between Puu Alaea, Kuhiwa Valley, Lake Waianapanapa, and Upper Kipahulu Valley, with an extension west, less than one-half mile wide, to about one mile East of Haleakala Ranch pasture.
		Food that is eaten by the Maui Parrotbill is larvae and pupae of coleoptera, most of this food is obtained by splitting and tearing away of dead wood with its parrot-like beak.
		The approved recovery plan for the Maui Parrotbill and the rest of the endangered birds of the Hawaiian/Maui Islands is to procure the stabilization and the restoration of the habitat areas that are occupied by these endangered bird species.
	www.ochs.orecity.k12.or.us /departments/science/species/mauiparrotbill.html (412 words)

	Maui parrotbill - Pseudonestor xanthophrys: More Information - ARKive
		The Maui parrotbill feeds mainly on the larvae and pupae of wood- and fruit- boring beetles and the larvae and pupae of moths, as well as other invertebrates (2).
		Already restricted to higher elevations because of mosquito-borne diseases at lower elevations, the Maui parrotbill is further excluded from the highest elevations due to habitat destruction, and is therefore limited to a very small range (7).
		Kowalsky, J.R., Berlin, K.E., Pratt, T.K. and Simon, J.C. (2000) Reproductive ecology of the Maui parrotbill.
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/birds/Pseudonestor_xanthophrys/more_info.html (566 words)

	MavicaNET - Panuridés (Paradoxornithidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Parrotbills are an obscure group of Old Warbler species, many of which specialize on reeds or bamboos and have modified parrot-like beaks to deal with these plants.
		Ninety percent (18 of 20) of the parrotbills are considered to belong the genus Paradoxornis and the center of their distribution is in China, Tibet, and the northern parts of southeast Asia (n.
		Maui Parrotbills are known only from the island of Maui, on the east slopes of Haleakala, from Keanae Valley to Kipahulu, between 1200-2150 m elevation.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/fra/23021.html (178 words)

	Hawai`i - Maui Parrotbill — Hawaiian evolution fills a niche
		The mix of calls reflects the behavior of the parrotbill; it will often fly among mixed flocks of the more common green birds, and any group of yellow-green birds draws the binoculars toward them to check for the rare standout.
		Many years ago, a colleague was carefully handling a Maui parrotbill late in the afternoon, and had one in hand when it was time to conduct a radio check.
		Today, while the parrotbill is restricted to the wet forests of East Maui, it seems to be holding its own, benefiting from the healthy regrowth of understory shrubs following a decade of feral pig control in Waikamoi and adjacent lands.
	nature.org /wherewework/northamerica/states/hawaii/science/art5251.html (610 words)

	Species info - HTML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This species is inferred to have a small, declining, severely fragmented population, primarily as a result of destruction of temperate forest for timber and conversion to cultivation and pasture.
		However, the paucity of records suggests that it is probably highly localised in distribution and could have a small total population, and it is likely to have declined because of habitat loss.
		Threats The Rusty-throated Parrotbill is one of five threatened members of the suite of 10 bird species that are entirely restricted to the "Central Sichuan Mountains Endemic Bird Area", threats and conservation measures in which are profiled by Stattersfield et al.
	www.rdb.or.id /view_html.php?id=209&op=paraprze (1088 words)

	NBII - Pacific Basin Information Node - Avian Conservation Maui Parrotbill
		The Maui Parrotbill (Pseudonestor xanthophrys) is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper notable for the massive parrot-like beak with which it bites open bark and wood in pursuit of insect prey (Simon et al.
		Maui Parrotbills are not dependent on specific native plants for foraging, and they are confined to rainforest by only the clearing of other native forest types.
		Thus, the Maui Parrotbill appears to hold the same range it did in 1980, and in fact seems to occupy all suitable habitat, although data on current population size and trends remain to be analyzed.
	pbin.nbii.gov /aviancon/mauiparrotbill.html (553 words)

	description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Maui parrotbill is one of Hawaii's endangered species.
		The Maui parrotbill is a rich olive-green color and has a yellow chest.
		Probably the biggest difference between the female and male parrotbills is their height and the size of their hooked bills.
	www.k12.hi.us /~eles/endangered/animals/parrotbill/description/description.htm (227 words)

	Species info - HTML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Threats The Black-breasted Parrotbill is one of three threatened bird species that are entirely restricted to the "Assam Plains Endemic Bird Area", threats and conservation measures in which are profiled by Stattersfield et al.
		Measures proposed The conservation requirements of the Black-breasted Parrotbill should be viewed in combination with the needs of a variety of other threatened grassland birds within its range, so that a programme of habitat management and research can be implemented with benefits to each of these species (see Measures Proposed under Bengal Florican).
		As current knowledge suggests that this locality might be the global stronghold for the Black-breasted Parrotbill, it should not be cleared for agriculture, degraded patches should be allowed to regenerate, cattle numbers reduced and succession to forest controlled by management (Allen 1998a).
	www.rdb.or.id /view_html.php?id=207&op=paraflav (2399 words)

	Forest Bird & Related Projects:
		The Maui parrotbill (Pseudonestor xanthophyrs) is a highly specialized, endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to East Maui that exhibits an excavating, insectivorous feeding ecology.
		Captive-propagation efforts for the Maui parrotbill began in 1995, and through the acquisition of four eggs collected from wild nests, the current captive-breeding population stands at 10 individuals (see Endangered Forest Bird Captive Propagation Program).
		Related work is currently in progress to understand the factors that currently limit parrotbill populations, assess the availability of suitable habitat, and implement long-term habitat protection and restoration programs (see Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project and Kahikinui Koa Forest Protection and Restoration).
	www.dofaw.net /fbrp/projects.php?id=00023 (779 words)

	Hawai`i - Hawaii's Birds
		The Maui parrotbill is one of Hawaii's rarest birds.
		The most distinctive feature of the bird is its strong, hooked parrot-like bill, used for vigorous prying of chunks of koa bark, or snapping straight through strong twigs of understory shrubs in search of its major food: native beetles boring through the wood.
		The force of the jaws working the bill is enormous relative to the "songbird" size of the Maui parrotbill, and sometimes you can hear the crunching and snapping of the twigs and branches as the bird works its way through the understory.
	nature.org /wherewework/northamerica/states/hawaii/science/art7912.html (678 words)

	Parrotbills page
		The final parrotbill genera is Panurus, the Bearded Reedling (right and above; both photos) which is patchily distributed across the Palearctic from England to China.
		The two species of parrotbills shown on this page are the only ones I've seen so I have little to say about this group.
		Whatever the eventual outcome of family-level taxonomy, the parrotbills are a closely related group that should at least be its own subfamily Paradoxornithinae.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/parrotbills.html (698 words)

	[No title]
		ECONOMIC STATUSES: The Maui parrotbill was formerly important to forest ecosystems as an insectivore.
		The population was estimated at 500 birds in 1980 (10).
		Based on their distribution and that of mosquitoes, the Maui parrotbill appears to be susceptible to avian malaria and avian pox (10,11).
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/esis/lists/e101018.htm (1995 words)

	ACT
		Brown Parrotbill Paradoxornis unicolor One was seen briefly at Gairibans, Sandakphu, in a stand of bamboo, on 28/11.
		Fulvous Parrotbill Paradoxornis fulvifrons A flock of about 40 fed in bamboo at Tunling, Sandakphu on the morning of the 29/11.
		Black-throated Parrotbill Paradoxornis nipalensis Two large flocks, totalling 80 birds altogether, were seen feeding actively in bamboo at Neora Valley, on 25/11.
	www.actnowornever.org /birding_in_nb10.html (707 words)

	USGS PIERC - Kilauea Field Station Publications
		The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. The Maui Parrotbill is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper that was first collected in 1892 by Henry Palmer and described by Rothschild (1893-1900).
		Currently restricted to the remote high-elevation rain forest of eastern Maui, the Maui Parrtobill was thought to be extinct until its rediscovery in 1950 (Richards and Baldwin 1953).
		The Maui Parrotbill is a small, olive-green bird with a relatively large, parrotlike bill, which it uses to rip into branches and stems, to pluck and bite open fruit, and to lift bark and lichens in search of concealed invertebrates.
	biology.usgs.gov /pierc/PLPrattTPage2.htm (1496 words)

	6th Grade Native Species Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Maui Parrotbill lives only in the upper koa-'ohi'a rainforest of East Maui.
		It is endemic and its population is estimated to be about 500 birds.
		The Parrotbill has a beautiful descending melodious call for a bird 5.5in long.
	www.seaburyhall.org /mschool/msscience/nsp2002/atmmauiparrotbill.html (84 words)

	Maui parrotbill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Marking the first time the species has been bred in captivity, an endangered Maui parrotbill chick hatched July 21 at the Keauhou Bird Conservation Center on the island of Hawaii, creating the possibility that with captive breeding as a tool, this small forest bird may eventually recover its numbers.
		The Maui parrotbill is an olive-green to yellowish bird the size of a small canary.
		The parrotbill, like other rare Hawaiian forest birds, is a specialist in its feeding habits and uses its strong, parrot-like bill to tear apart decaying timber in search of insects and larvae.
	pacific.fws.gov /news/2000/2000-129.htm (523 words)

	bp conservation programme
		The small, fragmented population of Grey-hooded Parrotbill of Wawu Shan in Southwestern China is declining due to forest loss through logging, conversion to agriculture and localized tourist development.
		There is an urgent need to classify habitat requirements and population status of this species, and to determine the extent to which habitat is being reduced or fragmented.
		Fieldwork on the Grey-hooded Parrotbill will give detailed information on the species, illustrating the extent to which local tourism has affected it, and provide recommendations to guide tourism development and management in the area.
	conservation.bp.com /projects/300502_proj.asp (190 words)

	Maui Parrotbill, a Hawaiian Honeycreeper of the East Maui Watershed
		Maui Parrotbill, a Hawaiian Honeycreeper of the East Maui Watershed
		The Maui Parrotbill is named not because it is a relative of parrots, but because of its strong, parrot-like bill.
		Found only in the East Maui Watershed, the population of Maui Parrotbills is estimated at around 500 individuals.
	eastmauiwatershed.org /Birds/mapa.htm (121 words)

	USGS PIERC - Breeding behavior and population ecology of `Akohekohe and Maui Parrotbill
		USGS PIERC - Breeding behavior and population ecology of `Akohekohe and Maui Parrotbill
		Breeding behavior and population ecology of Akohekohe and Maui Parrotbill.
		It was learned that while flower availability varied seasonally, Akohekohe, unlike related nectar-feeders, generally remained resident on year-round territories and when flowers were scarce did not move to lower elevations, where they would be exposed to non-native, mosquito-borne diseases.
	biology.usgs.gov /pierc/PLPrattTPage1.htm (272 words)

	Feathered Flyer: The Vinous Throated Parrotbill (Paradoxornis webbianus)
		Sexing: Sexing Parrotbills is very difficult if not impossible without either DNA testing or a lot of observation but as these birds appear to be identical and move so fast it difficult to tell if you are even looking at the same bird.
		Feeding: Parrotbills are primarily classed as omnivores and have a dual approach to feeding by adapting between different diets, this is due to its sedentary nature by not migrating to new areas in search of insect food sources remaining in the cold climate making these birds a good choice in temperate climates.
		I have read a few articles on breeding of these Parrotbills, usually in an outside aviary as the sole occupants.
	www.feathered.flyer.co.uk /softbills/parrotbill.html (1607 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
		Conservationists have hailed the hatching of an endangered Maui parrotbill chick at the Keauhou Bird Conservation Center on the Big Island.
		The July 21 hatching was the first time a Maui parrotbill has been bred in captivity.
		Until now, little has been observed of parrotbill breeding since the birds live in such a rugged, remote habitat.
	starbulletin.com /2000/08/07/news/briefs.html (917 words)

	Vinous-throated Parrotbill (Paradoxornis Webbianus)
		Vinous-throated Parrotbills live in China, Korea and Burma, where they live up in the mountain regions.
		The 10th of August, I was down at the sea and found a lot of maggots and other seaweed insects - which I, together with some seaweed, emtied in the aviary.
		The Parrotbills really enjoyed themselves in the seaweed and ate the variety of insects.
	www.birdtrek.co.uk /trek/contri4.htm (648 words)

	Maui Parrotbill - educational resources
		Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Department - Texas AandM University: Field duties will include but are not limited to searching for and monitoring nests of Maui Parrotbill, assisting with mist netting and banding Maui Parrotbill...
		Apparently access to the habitat where the Akohekohe and Maui Parrotbill occur is not currently possible.
		One example of an endangered specie in Hawaii is the Maui Parrotbill.
	animals.mongabay.com /iucn/M/Maui_Parrotbill.html (196 words)

	Birdwatching Trip Report from China Sichuan Province
		No less than 9 species of Parrotbills and 12 species of Phylloscopus warblers can be seen on the mountain.
		Hereafter we drove to Bao Guo and spent the rest of the late afternoon in the lower levels on the trails near the temple.
		It was a race with hundreds of pilgrims and when we arrived at the summit we had to wait an hour before we could use the new cable car to reach the top of the mountain (up 24 yuan, down 18 yuan).
	www.birdtours.co.uk /tripreports/china/china1/CHINA1.htm (4809 words)

	Black-breasted Parrotbill page
		The Black-breasted Parrotbill is a rare and very local endemic of northeastern India.
		It is large and has a huge bill and striking head/breast pattern.
		This Black-breasted Parrotbill was photographed at Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India, on 1 Apr 2001.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/parrotbill_blbr.html (882 words)

	All About Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1950, surveys of the misty mountains of eastern Maui, in the Hawaiian Islands, resulted in rediscovery of two bird species previously thought to be extinct.
		The Maui Parrotbill is an olive-green bird with a large parrot-like bill used to dig into branches and stems, to lift bark or lichens in search of hidden invertebrates, and to bite open fruit.
		Despite the difficulty and high cost of these efforts, similar projects have been carried out successfully at The Nature Conservancy's Waikoloa Preserve on Maui, whose mountain rain forests are the last stronghold of the Maui Parrotbill, the Akohekohe, and other declining Hawaiian birds.
	birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/Conservation/SuccessStories/Hawaii.html (217 words)

	AllRefer.com - cardinal, in zoology (Vertebrate Zoology) - Encyclopedia
		The Arizona, gray-tailed, Louisiana, and San Lucas cardinals frequent the S United States and Mexico.
		The pyrrhuloxia of the SW United States, gray with red face, crest, breast, and tail, is called gray cardinal or parrotbill.
		Cup-shaped nests are built by male and female, and the male helps rear the young.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/cardinal.html (230 words)

	Trip Report to North Benal and Sikkim 2005 ~ Logtmeijer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On the jeep track on the other side of the stream we had a flock of 15 Fulvous Parrotbills, a pair of Slender-billed Scimitar Babblers, a Streaked-breasted Scimitar Babbler and Golden-breasted Fulvettas (10).
		Great Parrotbill was heard in the larger bamboo but not seen.
		In the afternoon we birded the southern ridge, were we found Brown Parrotbill (4).
	www.kolkatabirds.com /hillbirdsofind/netripreppl.htm (2573 words)

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