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Topic: Parthenon

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Greek architecture

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447 BCE

438 BCE

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Temple of Olympian Zeus

Doric temple

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454 BCE

List of ancient temple structures

	Parthenon
		Because the Parthenon was built with League funds, the building may be read as an expression of the confidence of the Athenians in this newly naked imperialism.
		The Parthenon is a Doric peripteral temple, which means that it consists of a rectangular floor plan with a series of low steps on every side, and a colonnade (8 x 17) of Doric columns extending around the periphery of the entire structure.
		The metopes of the Parthenon all represented various instances of the struggle between the forces of order and justice, on the one hand, and criminal chaos on the other.
	academic.reed.edu /humanities/110Tech/Parthenon.html (1141 words)

	Nashville.gov - Parks and Recreation, Parthenon
		Originally built for Tennessee's 1897 Centennial Exposition, this replica of the original Parthenon in Athens serves as a monument to what is considered the pinnacle of classical architecture.
		The plaster replicas of the Parthenon Marbles found in the Naos are direct casts of the original sculptures which adorned the pediments of the Athenian Parthenon, dating back to 438 B.C. The originals of these powerful fragments are housed in the British Museum in London.
		The focus of the Parthenon's permanent collection is a group of 63 paintings by 19th and 20th century American artists donated by James M. Cowan.
	www.nashville.gov /parthenon (293 words)

	Parthenon, Athens, Greece
		With its incomparable setting, the visual harmony deriving from its sacred geometry, and the enduring wisdom of its resident deity, the goddess Athena, the Parthenon exercises a profound and lasting effect upon the human soul.
		The current author has visited the Parthenon numerous times since he was a young boy and honors the site as having had a major influence on his style of photographic composition.
		The name Parthenon refers to the worship of Athena Parthenos, the 'Virgin Athena' who issued fully grown from the head of her father Zeus.
	www.sacredsites.com /europe/greece/parthenon.html (925 words)

	Parthenon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Parthenon (ancient Greek: Παρθενώνας) was a temple of Athena, built in the 5th century BC on the Acropolis of Athens.
		The Parthenon is an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy, and it is regarded as one of the world's greatest cultural monuments.
		The Parthenon was built at the initiative of Pericles, the leading Athenian politician of the 5th century BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parthenon (2627 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Parthenon is one of the central buildings of the ancient Athenian acropolis.
		The Parthenon holds a canonical position as the ideal Greek temple for many people; however, the original building was unusual in several attributes.
		In the 17th century A.D. the Turks used it to house ammunition, and most of the structure was destroyed when it was hit by a Venetian cannonball.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/parthenon.html (314 words)

	Parthenon - MSN Encarta
		Parthenon, ancient Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Athena Parthenos (Athena the Virgin), on the Acropolis in Athens.
		The Parthenon was a large, rectangular marble temple with 17 columns along each of its sides and 8 columns on each end.
		The centerpiece of his plan was the rebuilding of the Acropolis; the Parthenon was the showpiece, the chief temple on the Acropolis.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563987/Parthenon.html (828 words)

	Parthenon Properties
		Parthenon continued to grow and in 1994 was awarded the management of all HUD owned apartments in Middle and West Tennessee.
		Parthenon's approach to management has always been to hire good employees, treat them fairly, and to give them the authority to do their jobs in the most efficient manner.
		Parthenon's goal for each property is to produce the highest net operating income while maintaining the property in accordance with the owner's objectives.
	www.parthenonproperties.com /about.html (592 words)

	Parthenon (Nashville) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A full-scale replica of the Parthenon in Athens was built in 1897 in Nashville, Tennessee in the United States, as part of Tennessee's Centennial Exposition; Nashville has long been dubbed the Athens of the South, and the moniker influenced the choice of the building as the linchpin of that fair.
		The plaster replicas of the Parthenon Marbles found in the Naos (the east room of the main hall) are direct casts of the original sculptures which adorned the pediments of the Athenian Parthenon, dating back to 438 BCE.
		The Parthenon in Athens was carved out of Pentelic marble and it took the Greeks approximately 10 years to construct the building, 447-438 B.C. Nashville's Parthenon was created from brick, stone, structural reinforced concrete, and cast concrete aggregate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parthenon_(Nashville) (875 words)

	The Elgin Marbles:The Parthenon
		The Parthenon or the Temple of Athena was built between 447 and 438 BC in the Doric style under the leadership of Pericles.
		The Parthenon frieze by Phideas went around the whole building was also carved in relief and is believed to show the sacrifice of the daughters of Erechtheus, one of the founding myths of Athens and the subject of a lost play by Euripides.
		That changed on September 26 1687 when the Parthenon, which was being used by the Turks as a gunpowder magazine after the previous facility, the Propelea had been destroyed when struck by lightning, was hit by a cannon from the Venetians who were laying siege to the Acropolis.
	www.athensguide.com /elginmarbles/parthenon.html (841 words)

	Parthenon, Acropolis
		The Parthenon at Acropolis is a temple of Athena the Virgin (Athena Parthenos), built between 447 and 338 (the figures in the pediments being completed in 432).
		At the west end is a rear chamber (opisthodomos), with traces of painting dating from the use of the Parthenon as a Christian church dedicated to the Virgin, leading into the temple proper, the roof of which was borne on four Ionic columns.
		The Parthenon suffered considerable damage when in the fifth century, after serving as a temple for some 900 years, it was transformed into a Christian church dedicated to the Virgin.
	www.planetware.com /athens/acropolis-parthenon-gr-ath-parth.htm (1180 words)

	The Parthenon : History, Reconstruction, Technology and Interesting Facts (1/2)
		The Parthenon in Athens, Greece, was built at the initiative of Pericles.
		The cost for the Parthenon building is estimated to 1000 Talents (from 447-432) or around 6 million drachmae.The buildings costs from 447-427 in Athens was around 8000 Talents or 48 million drachmae.
		The Parthenon was build partly on the bedrock and part on a bedding of stone so that the foundation was flexible during an earthquake.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Arts/Parthenon.htm (1234 words)

	HISTORY OF THE PARTHENON
		Parthenon II was assigned a dimension of 84 x 240 feet, so that it would double the surface of the Old Temple in its peripteral form.
		Parthenon I had an excellent spacing of the columns on the flanks, consisting of normal intercolumnia of 15½ feet and corner spaces of 17, but the spacing was made narrower on the fronts.
		Parthenon II tried to even the spacing of the columns on the fronts and flanks; on the fronts 15 and 17 feet, on the flanks 14¾ and 16¾ feet.
	www.metrum.org /key/athens/history.htm (1908 words)

	Dr. J's Illustrated Athenian Acropolis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Now as soon as we leave through the east portico, we are struck by the full magnificence of the Parthenon (pictured is my mother at the moment of her first viewing), minus the huge number of statues and smaller structures that would have positively cluttered the sacred rock in antiquity.
		The Parthenon as it has survived is much like the skeletal remains of a dinosaur - we can only glimpse the full magnificence of what it once was, and yet we are still awed by its shattered glory.
		Proof of entasis is that the Parthenon fails the "hat test": a hat left on one end of the stylobate cannot be seen from the other end if you crouch down and view it from ground level.
	lilt.ilstu.edu /drjclassics/sites/acropolis/parthenon.shtm (1242 words)

	Parthenon
		At the approximate position where the Parthenon was built later, the Athenians began the construction of a building that was burned by the Persians while it was still under construction in 480 BCE.
		The Parthenon is a temple of the Doric order with eight columns at the façade, and seventeen columns at the flanks, conforming to the established ratio of 9:4.
		The Parthenon was conceived in a way that the aesthetic elements allow for a smooth transition between the exterior and the interior that housed the chryselephantine statue of Athena.
	www.ancient-greece.org /architecture/parthenon.html (954 words)

	Parthenon
		The Parthenon epitomizes all the ideals of Greek thought during the apogee of the Classical era through artistic means.
		The architects of the Parthenon appear to be excellent scholars of visual illusion, an attribute undoubtedly sharpened by years of architectural refinement and observation of the natural world.
		The fact that common people are depicted as individuals for the first time at the Parthenon frieze was owed to the fact that for the first time in history every citizen of a city was recognized as a significant entity and a considerable moving force in the polis and the observable universe.
	www.ancient-greece.org /architecture/parthenon2.html (842 words)

	Perspective in Mathematics and Art
		Erected between 447 and 438 B.C., the Parthenon in Greece was designed by Iktinos, when Greek architecture was at the height of its sophistication.
		Due to the presence of optical illusions, the Parthenon has what are known as “optical refinements” built into its structure.
		After the corrections were made to the columns and floor, the Parthenon now appears “correct”, as shown in the right portion of Fig.
	www.math.nus.edu.sg /aslaksen/projects/perspective/parthenon.htm (306 words)

	Dr. J's Illustrated Athenian Acropolis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Now as soon as we leave through the east portico, we are struck by the full magnificence of the Parthenon (pictured is my mother at the moment of her first viewing), minus the huge number of statues and smaller structures that would have positively cluttered the sacred rock in antiquity.
		The West pedimental sculpture of the Parthenon depicts the contest for Attica between Athena and Poseidon.
		Proof of entasis is that the Parthenon fails the "hat test": a hat left on one end of the stylobate cannot be seen from the other end if you crouch down and view it from ground level.
	people2.hsc.edu /drjclassics/sites/acropolis/parthenon.shtm (1242 words)

	The Parthenon (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The new Parthenon was a patriotic shrine that, by honoring Athena, glorified the proud polis of Athens itself.
		An animal sacrifice was held on the altar to the east of the Parthenon's entrance and the old cult statue of Athena, in the Erechtheion, received her new peplos.
		The Parthenon featured four types of sculpture: the statue of Athena housed in the naos, the Ionic frieze along the outside of the naos wall, the Doric metopes on the entablature above the colonnade along the outer sides of the whole structure, and the sculptures of the pediments under each end of the roof.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Architecture/Parthenon/parthenon1.html (4169 words)

	Art and Architecture
		Under the supervision of Pheidias, and the architect Iktinos, the Parthenon was begun in 447 BC and was finished around 438 BC (Andronicos,7-8; Haynes, 2; Robertson, 9; Rodenwaldt,29).
		The Parthenon was a Doric temple, and it happened to be the first Doric peripteral temple in the Greek world (Andronicos, 7; Hopper, 121).
		Even though the Parthenon was a Doric temple, it incorporated an ionic feature, namely the frieze, which occurred around the outside of the cella of the temple (Hopper, 121; Robertson, 6; Rodenwaldt, 33).
	www.u.arizona.edu /~ssmorgan/acropolis/style.html (1323 words)

	Dr. J's Illustrated Parthenon Marbles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The pedimental sculpture of the Parthenon is unique in that both ends feature the same divine figure and no human figures at all: both tableaus concern Athena, the patron goddess of Athens.
		The traditional interpretation of the Parthenon frieze is that it is a re-enactment in stone of the Panathenaic Procession, the conclusion of which is the draping of a new peplos (garment) over the cult statue of Athena kept in the Erechtheum on the Acropolis.
		The Parthenon frieze plays out its tale across all four of its sides: preparations (west) and then a double-pronged procession (north and south) towards the all-important east side of the building (the entrance to the temple is here) where is carved the family of Olympian gods.
	people2.hsc.edu /drjclassics/lectures/ParthenonMarbles/marbles.shtm (1087 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Parthenon
		As well as being a temple, the Parthenon was used as a treasury, and was the location of the treasury of the Delian League, which later became the Athenian Empire.
		Sometime in the 5th century the great statue of Athena was looted by one of the Emperors, and taken to Constantinople, where it was later destroyed, possibly during the sack of the city during the Fourth Crusade in 1204.
		European visitors in the 17th century testified that the building was largely intact.In 1687 the Parthenon suffered its greatest blow when the Venetians attacked Athens, and the Ottomans fortified the Acropolis and used the Parthenon as a powder magazine.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Parthenon (1749 words)

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