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Topic: Parthenopean Republic

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	Parthenopean Republic - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		PARTHENOPEAN REPUBLIC [Parthenopean Republic] [from Parthenope, an ancient name of Naples], state set up in Naples in Jan., 1799, by the French Revolutionary army under General Championnet and by liberal Neapolitans after the flight of King Ferdinand IV (later Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies).
		Military reverses in N Italy prompted the evacuation by the French of Naples in May, and in June the republic fell.
		Admiral Horatio Nelson, whose role in the victory was crucial, ignored Cardinal Ruffo's generous convention with the surrendering revolutionists and started the brutal reprisals that were continued by the restored king.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-parthrep.html (313 words)

	Parthenopean Republic (1799) (Italy)
		According to Whitney-Smith the Carboneri flew a tricolor of fl, red and blue, which according to him was used in the Parthenopean Republic, which he places in 1789 And I remember also reading (somewhere else) about another flag, a fl flag with Vesuvios in eruption, used by italian revolutionaries at one time.
		Republic Parthenopea was proclaimed in South Italia (in territory of Dos Sicilias) 1799 under French influence (the Borbons retain Sicily).
		According to the "Piccola Treccani" Encyclopedia (Treccani is the Institute of the Italian Encyclopedia, a national institution), the flag of the Parthenopean Republic was blue, fl and red.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/it-parte.html (650 words)

	Parthenopean Republic
		Five months after its formation on 29 January 1799, the Neapolitan Republic was teetering under the combined onslaught of Cardinal Ruffo's popular, royalist army of Sanfedisti recruited from the bellicose peasants and bandits of Calabria, and the Lazzaroni, poor, unemployed, but devotedly royalist Neapolitans.
		And those Republicans put to death, imprisoned and exiled for their part in establishing the Republic were not revolutionaries from the lower social orders but lords, gentlemen, generals, admirals, writers, poets, scientists, philosophers and lawyers.
		As soon as the French army withdrew to the northern theatre of war, the Republic fell to the legions of Sanfedisti and lazzaroni, who began sacking the city then applauded the punitive measures taken by the monarchs and the English against the Republicans.
	faculty.ed.umuc.edu /~jmatthew/naples/Parthenopean_Republic.html (734 words)

	Napoleon the life, the military campaigns, the misteries
		The agreement foresaw that Austria entered in possession of the territories of the Republic of Venice, while the Lombardy, large part of the Emilia and Romagna and the territories of the Cispadane Republic were united in the Cisalpine Republic.
		The Cispadane republic and the birth of the tricolor flag
		The Republic, after having denied with the coup d'ètat the principle of the representative and democratic government, entered resolvedly, on international level, on the way of the imperialism and it stamped on “the people's right to decide on its own”, that it had solemnly affirmed in 1790.
	www.geocities.com /iturks/html/napoleon_1.html (3165 words)

	Parthenopean Republic - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Republic (government) (Latin res publica, literally “the public thing”), form of state based on the concept that sovereignty resides in the people,...
		Republic (literature), philosophic work written by Plato in the form of a dialogue, an inquiry into the nature of justice and the organization of a...
		As Rome became a huge empire, its leaders were confronted with the problem of how to rule distant territories.
	encarta.msn.com /Parthenopean+Republic.html (148 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Parthenopean Republic, 1799, and the restored Kingdom of Naples 1799-1806 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Bourbons fled, and the Pathenopean Republic was proclaimed on Jan.
		The Parthenopean Republic, however, was not reestablished; the Kingdom of Naples continued under a new Dynasty, established by Napoleon.
		Entries from Infoplease on Kingdom of Naples and the Parthenopean Republic
	www.stabi.hs-bremerhaven.de /gbs2/whkmla/region/italy/parthenopean.html (313 words)

	CHAPTER IV. - FROM THE CONGRESS OF RASTADT TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CONSULATE.
		The magistrates of the Republic were expelled from office at the word of a French Commission; hostages were seized; at length an oath of allegiance to the new order was required as a condition for the evacuation of Switzerland by the French army.
		The Republic was saved, as it had been in 1793, by the dissensions of its enemies.
		So long as France had her own tumultuous assemblies, her elections in the village and in the county-town, it was impossible for her to form republics beyond the Alps without introducing at least some germ of republican organisation and spirit.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Europe/00000015.htm (11868 words)

	Reign and Fall of the Roman Beast - The Harvest Herald
		Inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution, and supported by the expanding French armies, new republican regimes arose near France: the Batavian Republic in the Netherlands (1795-1806), the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland (1798-1803), the Cisalpine Republic in N Italy (1797-1805), the Ligurian Republic in Genoa (1797-1805), and the Parthenopean Republic in S Italy (1799).
		The modern European republics which were once part of the Roman empire will, in the end of the age combine their power into a confederacy in opposition to the fast approaching Kingdom of God.
		All that remains is for the ten Republics which were once part of the old Roman empire to combine forces into a confederacy and enforce law in opposition to God's people.
	www.harvestherald.com /prophecy.htm (2866 words)

	N
		democratic republic of congo - national index
		people's republic of albania: naval ensigs, pennants and jack
		1918-1934 mexican navy: president of the republic
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/keywordn.html (1523 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of History of Modern Europe 1792-1878, by C. A. Fyffe
		From the moment of the opening of the Assembly it was clear that the Girondins intended to precipitate the conflict between the Court and the nation by devoting all the wealth of their eloquence to the subjects which divided France the most.
		Its population was not one-third of that of France or Austria; its wealth was perhaps not superior to that of the Republic of Venice.
		The Republic which had floated so long in the thoughts of the Girondins was won in a single day by the populace of Paris, amid the roar of cannons and the flash of bayonets.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /mirrors/gutenberg/etext04/8hsmd10h.htm (14475 words)

	Heraldry in Pre-Unification Italy
		The Republic of Genoa lasted until 1797; it was replaced by the Ligurian Republic (1797-1805) which kept the flag, and briefly revived in December 1814 before article 86 of the treaty of Vienna gave Genoa to the kingdom of Sardinia.
		In 1848, the tricolor became the flag of the kingdom of Sardinia (with the arms of the house of Savoie in center) and in 1860 that of the kingdom of Italy.
		In the wake of the French invasion, a Anconine Republic was proclaimed in Ancona on November 19, 1797.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/italy2.htm (5752 words)

	napoli : history
		In the second half of the seventeenth century, as a result of royal intermarriages, Naples was ruled by the Austrians and then by the Bourbons.
		In 1799, the French proclaimed the short-lived Parthenopean republic.
		The year 1816 saw the return of the Bourbons who made Naples the capital of the Reign of the Two Sicilies which it remained until the unification of Italy in 1860.
	www.iterteam.it /eng/napoli/storia.html (168 words)

	Chronology of the French Revolution: 1795-1799
		Treaty of the Hague with the Batavian Republic.
		General Brune creates the Helvetic Republic from Swiss territory; the Republic's first act (on 2 August) is to grant France access to the Alpine passes.
		Championnet declares Naples to be the Parthenopean Republic.
	www.otal.umd.edu /~msites/frchron95-99.html (1336 words)

	Ischia.info, Amalfitan coast, Sorrent, Positano, Maiori.
		Besides being the first maritime Republic of Italy, Amalfi is certainly one of the most famous seaside resorts in the peninsula.
		During the centuries it suffered under the Syracusans’ domination, the Sanniti’s one, the Romans’ one (during the age of Empire it was the favourite seaside resort of Roman notables), then it passed under the Byzanthine dominion, then that of the Normans and in 1799 became part of Parthenopean Republic.
		One of the most famous holiday resorts in Campania, rises on a terrace from the cliff to the sea along the northern coast of the peninsula.
	www.ischia.info /dest_costiera_en.html (601 words)

	Some Eighteenth-Century Background to Liberation Theology: Church Democracy and Religious Freedom in the Roman Catholic ...
		Some 15 of the popular clergy of the Parthenopean Republic in Naples continued to preach the revolutionary gospel even after being captured and condemned to death in 1799 by a landlord army led by English Protestant, Russian Orthodox, and Turkish Muslim generals.
		Laubert became chemist-in-chief of the French army and later was elected President of the republic.
		One of the priests of the Parthenopean Republic was Nicola Pacifico.
	www.angelfire.com /un/tob-art/art-html/p178-13d.html (8024 words)

	Free Essays - WORLD HISTORY: Change Gathers Steam: 1800-40
		(1795-1806), the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland (1798-1803), the
		Cisalpine Republic in N Italy (1797-1805), the Ligurian Republic in Genoa
		Republic existed briefly in 1798 after Pope Pius VI was arrested by French
	www.freeessays.tv /c8159.htm (323 words)

	Island Procida hotel Solcalante - Hotels Procida, Naples, Italy: description, history
		In 1799 Procida supported the Neapolitan republic, the short history of which inspired, according to some, the national renaissance, and “Piazza dei Martiri”takes its name from the 16 Procidans executed there by the Bourbons.
		In the second half of the 19th century the expanse of mechanic propulsion and a certain local reluctance to abandon traditional sailing led Procida to lose the foremost position in shipping it had enjoyed in the 18th and early 19th century.
		This piazza is named for the 16 Procidan citizens hanged here following the brief Parthenopean republic which was brutally repressed by the Bourbons and a monument stands here dedicated to the memory of these citizens who died for their ideals of equality and freedom.
	www.solcalante.it /en/procida.asp (743 words)

	Ferdinand IV, King of Naples by MENGS, Anton Raphael
		Ferdinand, encouraged by the arrival of the British fleet of Admiral Horatio Nelson, attacked the French-supported Roman republic in 1798.
		On December 21 of that year, however, the French invaded Naples, declaring it the Parthenopean Republic, and Ferdinand fled to Sicily.
		The Republic was overthrown in June 1799, and Ferdinand returned to Naples, where he put to death the Republic's supporters, violating the terms of their surrender.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /html/m/mengs/ferdinan.html (455 words)

	La San-Felice et Emma Lyonna
		The novel is about the establishment of the Republic in Naples in 1799 by the General Championnet and the re-establishment of the Bourbons three months later.
		Ferdinand was a grandson of Louis XIV, and Maria Carolina, an Austrian, was the sister of Marie Antoinette, recently executed by the French Republic.
		France and Naples were nominally at peace, but the Queen and her expatriate British prime minister, Lord Acton (1736-1811) loathed the Republic on personal, religious, political, and ideological grounds, particularly since a small French army in Rome, commanded by the energetic General Jean-Etienne Championnet was conspiring with Neapolitan republicans to overthrow the Bourbon regime.
	www.cadytech.com /dumas/work.php?key=125 (1708 words)

	The Ill-Fated Helvetic Republic (1798-1803)
		Coalition against the French Republic, Rear-Admiral Caracciolo took part in the siege of Toulon by a French army where Captain Bonaparte was to play a deciding role.
		Coalition, a French army under General Championnet conquered Naples and established the Parthenopean Republic (January 1799) while King Ferdinando IV had fled to Sicily with the assistance of Admiral Nelson.
		The French army had the upper arm at the battle of Civita Castellana against General Mack leading the Neapolitans, and General Championnet was to instate the Parthenopean Republic in January 1799.
	www.napoleon-series.org /military/battles/switzerland/TMP1075152906.htm (2753 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Roman Republic, 1798-1799
		On Nov. 17th 1798, the ANCONITAN REPUBLIC was proclaimed in the Adriatic provinces (the Romagna) of the Papal State.
		In March 1798, Rome was taken by French troops, and the ROMAN REPUBLIC proclaimed, into which the Anconitan Republic was merged.
		The Roman Republic fell when the French were expelled from Northern Italy by Russian troops in 1799.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/naproman.html (106 words)

	Maurizio's Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Monarchists loose a popular referendum on June 2 (Italian National Day), 1946: 12,717,923 voters are in favor of a republic while 10,719,284 choose the monarchy.
		Italian national anthem is from the Presidency of the Republic site (under 'I Simboli...').
		The text is based on notes from literal sources and the images are transloads mainly from Corbis.
	www.angelfire.com /weird/MaurizioL.moved-to-lid-hash (1680 words)

	Pepe, Gugliemo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Italian patriot and Neapolitan general who led the army of the Venetian Republic against Austria from June 1848 to July 1849.
		Born in the Kingdom of Naples to a minor noble family of Calabria in 1783 his life would mirror the political upheavals of his country and his age.
		Combining his talent and commitment with the political genius of Daniel Manin, the republic's president, Pepe and his fellow officers helped the Venetians hold off a vastly larger Austrian army for almost a year; and the siege of Venice became an important icon of Italian independence and military prowess.
	cscwww.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/pepe.htm (637 words)

	The Life of a Gentlman of the Seas: Admiral François Caracciolo
		Coalition against the French Republic in 1792, the then commander Caracciolo would distinguish himself under Admiral Wood at the famous siege of Toulon in 1793.
		However, two years later, as a result of personal hatred on the side of Queen Maria-Carolina, war was raging again, which resulted in a French army under General Macdonald, of remote Scottish descent, reaching to the city of Naples.
		Francesco Caracciolo, Admiral of the Republic of Naples, who fell victim of the hatred and the lack of mercy of his enemies.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/biographies/c_caracciolo1.html (744 words)

	Napoleonic Medals iii.
		The conference with Austria in Rastadt to arrange details left unsettled by the Treaty of Campo Formio had ended with the murder of two of the French plenipotentiaries; the third escaped the ambush.
		French armies converted the Papal States into the Roman Republic and south Italy into the Parthenopean Republic.
		The Cisalpine Republic was renamed the Italian Republic and Bonaparte became its president.
	fortiter.napoleonicmedals.org /medals/history/2nd_ital.htm (3717 words)

	Parthenopean Republic definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Parthenopean Republic definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Neapolitan republic of 1799: the republic established in 1799 in Naples by pro-French rebels and suppressed in the same year
		Everest: Beyond the Limit on the Discovery Channel
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_561534931_1861723988/nextpage.html (75 words)

	The History Guy: Anglo-French Wars
		After the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the conservative, monarchical powers of Europe attempted to extinguish the new French Republic and restore the Bourbon Royal Family.
		This alliance against France formed to counter French moves in Italy; formation of the Roman, Ligurian, Cisalpine and Helvetic Republics in Switzerland and Italy, and the deposition of Papal rule in Rome.
		Naples was conquered by the French in early 1799 and declared to be the new Parthenopean Republic.
	www.historyguy.com /anglo_french.html (1348 words)

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