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Topic: Parthogenesis

In the News (Tue 2 Dec 08)

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	Rotifers - Phylum Rotifera
		Parthogenesis is a term used to describe unfertilized eggs becoming mature organisms.
		In this case, the female produces one or two diploid eggs (eggs with the full number of chromosomes) via mitosis (a type of cell division in wich two daughter cells are created that are identical to the parent cell).
		They can either remain unfertilized and undergo parthogenesis to develop into haploid males, or they can be fertilized by the male and develop into diploid females.
	www.angelfire.com /mo2/animals1/phylum/rotifer.html (581 words)

	大中華青年在線 - 國際消息(社會科研) » 12 questions of Christmas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In scientific terms, a virgin birth is classed as parthogenesis - when an embryo grows and develops without fertilisation by a male.
		Parthogenesis occurs in some plants, insects, fish and vertebrate animals such as lizards.
		Parthogenesis does not occur naturally in humans or other mammals.
	www.gcyouth.net /news/newsdetails.php?nid=1778&sid=yLt0TS (2590 words)

	[UA] Immaculate Concept (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		One of the not-used trigger events of my LA campaign was to have this East Coast shaman dude with Parthogenesis (a 2-charge minor ritual) that enchanted fertility into mustard seeds.
		He was supposed to be rubbed by the Sleeper heavy and introduce players to the ruthless watchdogs of the OU.
		Immaculate Conception is the colourful expression for parthogenesis: it is "conceived without sin", meaning nobody stuck it into Mary - the pregnancy happened all be itself.
	lists.unknown-armies.com /pipermail/ua/2004-March/030307.html (205 words)

	Challenger 21 - The Old Old Story by Terry Jeeves
		To simplify things it was handy to fix him up with a daughter who also had to double as the heroine.
		She was "A true brick" (i.e., a bit of a square) and probably created by parthogenesis, polyandry or even polyfilla, as we never heard of any Mrs.
		The hero (usally named "Chuck), had to be seven feet tall, have muscles of steel (iron could be accepted), and was always a handsome college boy down on his luck and ready to accept any stupid or dangerous job if it paid off well.
	www.challzine.net /21/21jeeves.html (956 words)

	Re: Wild Daphnia
		Daphnia can be easily cultured and maintained by placing them in a child's wading pool filled with green water - you will get explosive growth and reproduction.
		Daphnia are parthogenic - except when the population is getting ready to shut down, all dapnia are females and produce live young by parthogenesis (eggs do not need fertilization and are clones of the mother).
		In a population getting ready to shut down, some dapnia become males and mate with the females, producing eggs in little fl egg cases that look like fl pepper on the water.
	fins.actwin.com /nanf/month.9808/msg00304.html (643 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Three centuries ago, a ship carrying women to a colony world was marooned on an uncharted planet.
		Reproducing by parthogenesis, which produces only female offspring, the survivors told their descendents that someday others would come to the world they named Atlantis—including
		And when a lone space explorer discovers Atlantis, the women know he can’t possibly be a man—he’s just a monster who looks like a deformed woman.
	www.baen.com /chapters/w200006/0671319442__c_.htm (234 words)

	Stem Cell Research: Embryonic Stem Cells Archive : Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Roslin Institute, which cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has been granted the first UK license to create human stem cells through a process called parthogenesis.
		After several days, embryonic stem cells are derived from the cell mass.
		Parthogenesis differs from cloning in that the cells contain only half the DNA and are not capable of developing into a clone.
	www.jdrf.org /index.cfm?page_id=100504 (1455 words)

	Mary Daly's Feminist Vision of Gendercide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Well, there is one academic feminist who is both a fan of parthogenesis and advocates the elimination of men (and most women) -- Mary Daly.
		Her book, Quintessence is half-science fiction novel, half bizarre manifesto in which she explicitly lays out her views.
		Daly herself is a character in the book who visits a utopian continent where -- thanks to the influence of Daly's books -- a lesbian elite reproduce solely through parthogenesis.
	www.equityfeminism.com /articles/2002/000110.html (714 words)

	Red Room Salon
		For all of posterity, or until the Internet no longer functions, all of our daily musings and thoughts are there to be read by any and all.
		Josh suggested that once the human species females developed Parthogenesis, human males would simply become obsolete, so males needed to come up with some other contribution to maintaining the human race other than mere sperm.
		It had gotten cold by this point, and except for myself and the one other female, no one else wore jackets.
	rebmarkell.diaryland.com /050304_3.html (1340 words)

	Geopolitical Review: Human Cloned For the First Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		From the BBC, a human embryo has been cloned for the first time by UK scientists.
		In order to distract the heated debate about 'cloning' humans, the Roslin Institute, the creators of Dolly, the first cloned sheep, have had the media savvy to call their method parthogenesis.
		In Greek 'parthogenesis' means literally 'virgin birth,' so that's a much better euphemism than 'evil' cloning.
	www.geopoliticalreview.com /archives/001187human_cloned_for_the_first_tim.php (233 words)

	Saving Superman: A Look into Stem Cell Research - Part I - Case Study Collection - National Center for Case Study ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		There are three ways thus far in which scientists can isolate human pluripotent cell lines.
		Other methods currently under research, including parthogenesis, have not been successful with human cells.
		Inner Cell Mass Isolation from Embryonic Tissue: The inner cell mass of the blastocyst of an embryo constitutes pluripotent cells.
	www.sciencecases.org /superman/superman1b.asp (527 words)

	Operation Fantast (New Series) 4 - Page 11 - The Homunculus-book review - Ken Slater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In this book he pulls out a baby, or rather his hero does.
		The method used a that of paracelus, and this little experiment in masculine parthogenesis, as performed by Colonel Bumble, is definitely first-grade fantasy.
		Apart, however, from the fantastic - in our sense of the word - appeal of this book, it has many other good points.
	www.fanac.org /fanzines/OperationFantast/OperationFantast4-11a.html (451 words)

	Crapemyrtle aphid
		Although several other aphid species have been reported to infest crapemyrtles, including cotton or melon aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) and fl citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe), the crapemyrtle aphid is the most commonly encountered and can be distinguished from the other aphid species by the hump on the adult second abdominal segment.
		Female aphids produce live young, a process called parthogenesis, particularly during the summer months.
		Nymphal and adult stages can be found on host plants throughout the year, but appear to build up in higher numbers during the hot summer months.
	insects.tamu.edu /fieldguide/aimg108.html (290 words)

	OEDILF - Word Search
		The following limerick is in a "Tentative" state, which means the information contained within has not yet been verified.
		Arrenotoky (air-uh-NOT-uh-kee) and thelytoky (the-LITE-uh-kee) are both forms of parthogenesis, in which the female of the species gives birth without being impregnated.
		The information on this page may not be reproduced in any form without written permission by the.
	www.oedilf.com /db/Lim.php?Word=thelytoky&Start=0 (108 words)

	Empire of the Common Mind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Such children are produced with the aid of gene-splicing laboratories.
		Parthogenesis is another reproductive mode which has waxed and waned in popularity.
		All children born to the Empire are issued names by Genetic Algorithms.
	www.thermeon.net /empire/cult.htm (1979 words)

	Principles of Disease and Epidemiology
		Pathology is the scientific study of disease (pathos = suffering).
		Pathology is first concerned with etiology (cause) and then parthogenesis (how the disease develops).
		Infection is an invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic organisms and disease is a change from a state of health as a result of an infection.
	departments.ozarks.edu /msc/Biology/Micro/MDisease.htm (2085 words)

	Doug's Dynamic Drivel: Stem Cell Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		After all it wouldn't surprise me to see someone like Falwell or Robertson come out and say that masturbation or the destruction of an egg each month in a woman's cycle is murder :-)
		In all seriousness the abilty to exploit parthogenesis in order to produce viable stem cells is a wonderfull bit of progress.
		The less than intelligent christian right (that's kind of redundant) will no doubt find some way to fight this and given their influence at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
	www.thealders.net /blogs/archive/001133.html (158 words)

	Bringing Back Baby Jason: To Clone or Not To Clone? - Comments 1 - Case Study Collection - National Center for Case ...
		The references for the instructor were wonderful and very well organized.
		Recently, Cibelli of Advanced Cell Technology published a paper on making clones through parthogenesis.
		This is a major issue for those opposed to "full human clones." Since a clone made by this method would never live past the blastocyst stage and therefore would die of its own accord, there would never be a fully human adult clone by this method.
	www.sciencecases.org /cloning/comments1.asp (312 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Potent anti-bacterial enzyme isolated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Harmless bacteria could be genetically engineered into a first-line defence against diseases such as tuberculosis or HIV
		Laboratory of bacterial parthogenesis and immunology, Rockefeller University
		An enzyme that kills the potentially dangerous bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae has been isolated by a US team.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn1662 (411 words)

	The Scotsman - International - Assisted reproduction may increase genetic defects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		He and Dr Palermo compared abnormalities in imprinting between cloned embryos and those produced by assisted reproductive methods.
		They took mouse eggs and divided them into three groups, which were fertilised either by intracytoplasmic injection, activated by parthogenesis (without sperm), or cloned.
		Dr Takeuchi said: "We found significantly impaired development in the cloned embryos, compared with those derived from conventional ART (assisted reproduction technology) techniques.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /international.cfm?id=751152004 (870 words)

	Richard Karl Wilhelm Theodor von Hertwig (www.whonamedit.com)
		Hertwig made systematic work on several groups of invertebrates and fundamental studies on the build of animals.
		Among the best known of these studies are his contributions on protozoa, and he was the first to describe artificial stimulation of sea urchin eggs (parthogenesis).
		He helped elucidate the reproductive process in paramecium, and studied determination in amphibias.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2105.html (475 words)

	Article 5
		The Greek mythological belief that both the Earth and its life originated solely from Gaia is that of parthogenesis, belief in conception by a single entity, which according to Eliade is the “mythical expression of the self-sufficiency and fecundity of Mother Earth”.
		A stable climate, evidenced by geological records, was subsequently maintained to enable the emergence of life.
		Thus the Gaia hypothesis embraces the ideas of parthogenesis, creation from chaos and the immanence of nature’s power in the Earth and, like Greek mythology, it gives life meaning—the maintenance of Gaia as a wholistic living entity embodying the splendour of life.
	users.bigpond.net.au /marshan/article5.htm (4177 words)

	S.h.castaniceps...a must view thread! - Page 2 - Arachnoboards
		I don't think it took long for people to realize that if this was indeed parthogenesis, females would be the sum.
		Yes, I will be offering them here, as I did last year.
		Then I threw a towel over her entire enclosure, being the lazy f'er I am.
	www.arachnoboards.com /ab/showthread.php?t=11241&page=2 (1730 words)

	BB FORUM - Powered by X M B 1.8 Partagum Final SP1
		Their ability to lay eggs in large quantities makes them inextinguishable.
		If you were to eradicate all twelve billion gerbils, all but one, that one gerbil would lay twelve billion fertilized eggs by means of parthogenesis, which would instantly hatch.
		As soon as that happened, instantly, a new population of gerbils would be spawned.
	www.billybussey.com /forum/viewthread.php?tid=2434 (871 words)

	Arachnoboards - S.h.castaniceps...a must view thread!
		It may be natures way of keeping the numbers down.
		07-04-2003 01:28 AM I thought about parthogenesis, and I would lean more towards it.
		- but you're right as the reproduction of centipedes isn't really explored upto now, so parthogenesis is possible too.
	www.arachnoboards.com /ab/printthread.php?t=11241 (847 words)

	glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In some diptera the necessity of a blood meal before eggs can develop within the female e.g.
		In aphids, reproducing by parthogenesis throughout the year, but producing some males to contribute to the sexual phase.
		Successive moults in insects separated by quite long inter-moult phases referred to as 'terminal anecdysis' when a maximal size is reached and there are no further moults (see ecoysis).
	www.pestmanagement.co.uk /lib/glossary/glossary_a.shtml (6290 words)

	Untitled Document
		The most distinguishing characteristics that they possess are their stylet-like mouthparts and a pair of tublike structures that project from their abdomen, called cornicles.
		Aphids may be winged or wingless and they usually reproduce asexually, giving birth to live young through a process called parthogenesis in which all the young are females.
		They grow by shedding their skin, which leaves a "ghost-like skeleton on the leaf.
	www.ento.okstate.edu /gbweb/aphidsearch2.htm (271 words)

	Cultured Eggs Could Defuse Stem Cell Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Many researchers probably thought these cells were dead and not worth investigating.”
		The researchers showed that the oöcytes they produced were stimulated in a process known as parthogenesis to develop to an early embryonic stage.
		They are now investigating whether the eggs can be fertilized by sperm to form viable embryos.
	www.genomenewsnetwork.org /articles/05_03/sc_eggs.shtml (548 words)

	AGPix.com :: View Large Preview & Download Comp Images
		Caption: 1A23-023z Aphid - giving birth to live young, virgin birth, parthenogenesis, Dactynotus spp.
		Comments: Additional life cycle and behavior images of the aphid, including parthogenesis, relationship with ants, and predator-prey relationship, are available at www.kuhnphoto.net
		Each catalog image is legally protected by U.S. and International copyright laws and may NOT be used for reproduction in any manner without the explicit authorization of the respective copyright holders.
	www.agpix.com /view_caption.php?image_id=76840&photog=1 (105 words)

	For every chapter that we cover (and we will do them all), you will complete several Criticial Thinking Questions
		Do Challenge questions 1 and 2 on page 598.
		Many invertebrates reproduce by parthogenesis, budding or other asexual means.
		Do Science, Technology, and Society question 1 and 2.
	www.geocities.com /auburngirl71/hmwk1.htm (1196 words)

	Cloning:
		Why won’t diploid parthenotes which come from a male only or from a female only not ever be able to embryologically mature to a fetus or baby?
		Actually we don’t know that parthogenesis is incapable of producing a viable embryo but one theory holds that some genes are “imprinted” with markers of their male or female parent by methods described above.
		And again, there may well be other mechanisms that induce properly united gametes in zygotes produced by natural means (sex) to begin to divide and form natural embryos then fetuses.
	www.pneuro.com /publications/cloning/Cloning.htm (9250 words)

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