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Topic: Parti Congolais du Travail

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	Congolese Party of Labour - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Congolese Party of Labour (Parti congolais du Travail), founded in 1969 by Marien Ngouabi, is the ruling political party of the Republic of the Congo.
		Denis Sassou-Nguesso, presidential candidate of both the Congolese Party of Labour and the United Democratic Forces, won the presidential elections of March 10, 2002 with 89.4% of the vote.
		The party also won 53 out of 153 seats in the lower house of parliament at the legislative elections of May 16 and 20 June 2002.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Congolese_Labour_Party (160 words)

	Denis Sassou-Nguesso
		Despite this he was part of the military coup of 1968 that brought Marien Ngouabi to power and was an early member of the PCT (Parti Congolais du Travail[?]) when it was founded in December 1969.
		When Ngouabi was assassinated Nguesso played a key role in maintaining control, briefly heading the Military Committee of the Party (CMP, Comité Militaire du Parti) that controlled the state before the succession of Colonel Joachim Yhomby-Opango[?].
		From August 1990 political parties other than the PCT were allowed and Sassou-Nguesso undertook a symbolic state visit to the USA, laying the grounds for a new series of conditional IMF loans later that year.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/de/Denis_Sassou-Nguesso.html (849 words)

	2. Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville). 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Mouvement national de la révolution became the sole political party based on Marxist-Leninist principles.
		He created a new political party, Parti congolais du travail, and the following year changed the name of the country to the People's Republic of the Congo (PCT).
		Following the exacerbation of ethnic tensions and power struggles among the elite, Ngoubai was assassinated during an attempted coup organized by supporters of Massambe-Débat, who was subsequently arrested and executed.
	www.bartleby.com /67/4446.html (251 words)

	flag of People's Republic of Congo, 1970 - 1992 flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The hammer and hoe were a variation of the hammer and sickle, and the yellow star represented the leading role of the one legal party.
		Following the end of the one party regime, a new constitution went in force on the 10th June 1991.
		The red flag is the mere copy of the PCT (Parti Congolais du travail - Labour Congolese Party) one.
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/cg_prc.html (195 words)

	Politics of the Republic of the Congo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Congo is a one party dominant state with the Congolese Labour Party in power.
		Opposition parties are allowed, but are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power.
		Bonaventure Mizidy - Republican and Liberal Party (Parti Républicain et Liberal)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo (517 words)

	Congo: Institutional Situation
		In the People’s Republic with its Marxist-Leninist ideology, the upheavals on the international scene and a difficult domestic economic context, led to a series of strikes and student movements as well as the emergence of an opposition demanding the holding of a National Conference and the departure of President Denis Sassou Nguesso.
		It was entrusted with “the essential mission of redefining the fundamental values of the nation and creating the conditions for a national consensus with a view to establishing a legitimate State”.
		The main parties of the former Presidential movement (UPADS, MCDDI) have been de-structured in the wake of their defeat and the departure of their leaders into exile.
	www.etat.sciencespobordeaux.fr /_anglais/institutionnel/congo.html (2147 words)

	Pan-African Thoracic Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Marxist Leninist Parti Congolais du Travail (PCT) of which President Denis Sassou-Nguesso was a member, ruled from 1969 until 1992, when they gave in to opposition demands for change.
		Bernard Kolelas, leader of Mouvement Congolais pour la Democratie et le Developpement Integral (MCDDI) came second, while former President Sassou-Nguesso was eliminated in the first round and conceded defeat.
		After a partial rerun under international supervision in October 1993, the Presidential group, comprising UPADS and its allies won 67 seats compared to 58 for the opposition coalition, which included PCT and MCDDI.
	www.africanthoracic.org /countries/congo.shtml (1209 words)

	worldsurface.com - sustainable tourism for backpackers and independent travellers
		Congo is a single-party people's republic led by the Congolese Labour Party (Parti Congolais du Travail; PCT).
		The party's 75-member Central Committee may initiate revision of the constitution (adopted in 1979 and amended in 1984), and it appoints members of the Revolutionary Court of Justice, which heads the judicial system.
		The Central Committee's chairman is the president of the republic, who is head of state and of government and who is elected by the party congress to serve a five-year term.
	www.worldsurface.com /browse/static.asp?staticpageid=65 (430 words)

	Congo, Republic of History & Congo, Republic of Culture \| iExplore.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A series of left-wing military Governments followed until elections for the Presidency were held in 1979 and brought Colonel Denis Sassou-Nguesso to power as both head of the ruling Parti Congolais du Travail (PCT) and, after 1984, as head of the Government.
		Repeated attempts at mediation by outside parties failed until, in April 2001, a formula devised by President Omar Bongo of Gabon and backed by the Organization of African Unity secured the agreement of both sides.
		By mid-2003, the country was largely at peace, although there has been fighting in the Pool region, adjacent to the capital, Brazzaville, between the army and a rebel group known as the Ninjas: although this has been sporadic, it has caused a serious refugee problem with an estimated 150,000 displaced as a result.
	www.africa.com /dmap/Congo,+Republic+of/History (796 words)

	CONGO: parliamentary elections Assemblée nationale, 1989
		Elections were held for all the seats in Parliament on the normal expiry of the members’ term of office.
		Prior to the parliamentary elections, general Denis Sassou-Nguesso had been re-elected President of the Republic and Chairman of the ruling Congolese Labour Party (Party congolais du travail – PCT) at the fourth congress of the PCT in July 1989.
		Congolese Labour Party (Parti congolais du travail – PCT)
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2071_89.htm (190 words)

	OTAL - Congo
		Born in 1943, Denis Sassou-Nguesso first seized power in a coup in 1979, only to lose it in the country's first multi-party elections in 1992 which were won by Pascal Lissouba.
		During his first presidency in 1979-92 he loosened the country's links with the Soviet bloc and allowed French, US and other Western oil companies to play a major role in oil exploration and production.
		Concurrently, he abandoned the one-party system in 1992, making the ruling Congolese Workers Party (PCT) fight for its political life after over 20 years as the sole party.
	www.otal.com /congo/congoministry.htm (227 words)

	Congo-Brazzaville - The Deep end of the Pool - Occasional Paper No 41 - September 1999
		In the north of the country, the political scene was still dominated by the Parti congolais du travail (PCT) of ousted dictator Colonel Denis Sassou-Nguesso.
		By June, violent exchanges had broken out between the party militias and the security forces, and Kolélas had raised the political stakes by forming his own cabinet and calling for another campaign of civil disobedience.
		Mediation by France and Gabon led to a truce, and the rerunning of the second round of legislative elections in October 1993.
	www.iss.co.za /Pubs/Papers/41/Paper41.html (3539 words)

	LitWeb.net
		During the era when the Congo underwent transition from a Marxist-Leninist people's republic to a pluralist democracy, Tansi was active in the Mouvement Congolais pour le Développement de la Démocratie Intégrale (M.C.D.D.I.), a group opposed to Congo's single political party system.
		He manages to escape but as a poor fugitive he must prepare himself to assassinate, in the name of an ideology, a State and Party official during a mass in the cathedral.
		In Les yeaux du volcan (1988) a mysterious colossus, Affonso Sombro, arrives to the town of Hozanna, where Benoit Goldman reads Genesis aloud to avoid sex with his wife, and Claudio Lahenda announces: "Comrades, the revolution has been postponed." In his plays Tansi revels the inventiveness, absurd humour, and political commitment of his fiction.
	www.biblion.com /litweb/biogs/tansi_sony_labou.html (1277 words)

	Congo (Brazzaville): Heads of State: 1960-2006 @ Archontology.org: presidents, kings, prime ministers, biography, ...
		Officiers chargés du gouvernement provisoire par l'Armée nationale congolaise
		Président du Comité militaire du Parti congolais du travail
		Président du Présidium du Comité Central du Parti congolais du travail
	www.archontology.org /nations/congo_b/00_1960_td_s.php (75 words)

	Sandafayre Stamp Auctions \| Stamp Atlas \| Equatorial Africa
		Multi-party elections were held in the autumn of 1990 and were won by the ruling Parti Democratique Gabonais (PDG) amid allegations of fraud.
		French influence was extended north of the Ubangi River by Brazza, and the territory of Upper Ubangui was formed in 1894, centred on the recently founded town of Bangui.
		The Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe Social Democratic Party (MLSTP-PSD) which had been the sole legal party since Independence was defeated by the Democratic Convergence Party (PCD) in legislative elections held on 20 January 1991.
	www.sandafayre.com /atlas/eqaf.htm (1427 words)

	Republic of Congo :: Demo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Many times Minister in the Government of Ngouabi, Yhombi and Sassou I, this man qho beats the record of longevity in the Government is married and father of three children.
		Teaching Mathematics at the Univesity Nagouabi, Roiddolphe Adada is a very active member of the "Parti Congolasis du Travail" (PCI).
		Isidore Movouba is a militant, active and follower of the "Parti Congolais du Travail (PCT) of which he is a member of political Bureau and first secretary of the youth (UJSC).
	www.consulateofcongo.com /gov.php (892 words)

	[No title]
		By most counts, Kabila and his party, Parti du Peuple pour la RÃ©construction et la DÃ©mocratie, were ahead after three days of counting, although Bemba insists that he is going to win and accordingly convinced thousands of his supporters in Kinshasa.
		That he succeeded only partially was clear at February's elections, in which he took his western homeland and most of the centre and east but barely figured in northern districts, where the Lord's Resistance Army rebellion has raged for two decades.
		Optimists claim that this renewed attack, presumably by the Hutu rebel Parti pour la Libération du Peuple Hutu-Forces Nationales pour la Libération (Palipehutu-FNL), was intended to restate its tough stand as a preliminary to long-awaited negotiations with the government.
	www.africa-confidential.com /index.aspx?pageid=22&countryid=12 (11452 words)

	Link2exports - Export Country Profiles - in association with the British Chambers of Commerce
		A transitional government based on the Arusha Peace Accord signed by 19 political parties in August 2000 and made up almost equally of the rival Hutus and Tutsis, was inaugurated in November 2001 with Pierre Buyoya (Tutsi) as president for the first 18 month phase.
		Buyoya's term in office ended in April 2003 when Domitien Ndayizeye, a member of the majority Hutu tribe, became president in a second 18-month transition phase.
		Higher education is mainly provided by the Université du Burundi, which is largely financed by the government.
	www.link2exports.co.uk /regions.asp?lsid=1969&pid=1256 (1654 words)

	AfricAvenir - Research - Chronology of African History
		Republic of South Africa: (RSA) Legalization of the ANC, the PAC (Pan-African Congress) and the South African Communist Party (SACP) (2 February); Nelson Mandela is freed after 27 years in prison (11 February) Tanzania: President Ali Hassan Mwinyi is re-elected President of the Republic (28 October)
		Kenyan opposition Democratic Party is formed in Kenya by former minister, Mwai Kibaki.
		Elections for civilian president in Nigeria is won by Chief Moshood Abiola of Social Democratic Party.
	africavenir.com /research/chronology/1990.php (2243 words)

	African Energy – Congo-Brazzaville (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In the two rounds of elections held in May and June 2002, the parties that supported President Sassou-Nguesso, the Parti Congolais du Travail (PCT) and the Forces Démocratiques Unies (FDU) won 83 of the 153 seats in the Assemblée Nationale (National Assembly).
		In July 2002, it was announced that the PCT and its allies had won 56 of the 72 seats in the Senate.
		Major Environmental Issues: Air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable; deforestation.
	www.africa-energy.com /html/public/data/congo-b.html (4871 words)

	Guide to the Congo (Brazzaville) Collection : Finding Aid
		"Réhabiliter le Kikongo," "L'Union Fédérale du Kikongo" [Bundu Dia Kongo (B. "Bulletin d'Information" [Comité Central du Parti Congolais du Travail], 1981, 1982
		Centre Congolais du Commerce Extérieur, "Horizon 1978/80", 1977 Jun
		ComitéRegional du Parti/Pool, "Action Tropicale, "no. 1, [1986]
	mssa.library.yale.edu /findaids/stream.php?xmlfile=mssa.ms.1511.xml (179 words)

	WI-Countries - Country Information at Your Fingertips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		President Denis Sassou-Nguesso (Isidore Mvouba was named on 7 Jan 2005 to the new post of prime minister, a post which does not exist under the constitution.)
		Coalition of Parti Congolais du Travail (PCT) (Congolese Workers' Party), Forces Démocratiques Unies (FDU) (United Democratic Forces) and independents
		Banking and insurance • Economy • Education • Energy • External trade • Health • Historical profile • Industry and manufacturing • Languages spoken • Main cities • Media • Mining • Political parties • Political situation • Political structure • Population • Population [CR, Rev, MM] • Tourism • Welfare
	www.wi-countries.com /cy/2256 (208 words)

	Year-ender 2002: Numerous gains overshadowed by crisis in Pool region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		BP5 high nutrient biscuit distribution for children in displaced site in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo (taken June 2002)
		Although the elections were widely believed to have been rigged in favour of President Denis Sassou-Nguesso's Parti congolais du travail (PCT) - with Sassou-Nguesso himself winning an improbable 89 percent of the vote after all serious rivals were either excluded from or dropped out of the election - they took place without major incident.
		In his inaugural speech, noted Africa Confidential, Sassou-Nguesso railed against government corruption, lack of transparency, the mismanagement of public funds and the political exploitation of ROC's ethnic divisions - as though someone else had ruled for the past five years.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=31775 (428 words)

	La Maison de l'Afrique
		· FDP (Force Démocratique and Patriotique (assembles 5 political parties)
		The drinks industry is represented by four companies : les Brasseries du Congo, les Boissons Africaines de Brazzaville, Sapro boissons and the Société des Plastiques du Congo which produces the Mayo mineral water.
		Sugar is produced by SARIS Congo, 66% owned by SOMDIAA.
	www.lamaisondelafrique.com /econgo.html (792 words)

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