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Topic: Partial discharge

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	Portable detector device for detecting partial electrical discharge in live voltage distribution cables and/or ...
		Partial discharge measurement represents the most informative non-destructive test of the quality of extruded solid dielectrics, since the presence of such discharges at operating voltage, gives a positive indication of serious problems in the near future.
		A detector circuit is connected to the probe for detecting a partial discharge signal in the range of 5 to 10 MHz emitted by the partial discharge.
		To determine the location of a partial discharge along a cable or joint, the probe is past gently and slowly over the insulated area and the detector meter is carefully observed to see where the readings reach maximum.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4967158.html (2662 words)

	Partial discharge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In electrical engineering, a partial discharge is a localised dielectric breakdown of a section of dielectrically stressed electrical insulation system that occurs generally in voids, cracks or interfaces within that insulation system.
		Partial discharges in insulating material are caused by voids in the dielectric.
		Partial discharge currents tend to be of short duration and have rise times in the nanosecond region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Partial_discharge (724 words)

	Discharge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A patient discharge, when a patient leaves a hospital after his or her medical treatment is completed.
		Partial discharge, a temporary breakdown of electrical insulation.
		Vaginal discharge, a normal occurrence for some women during their menstrual cycle, or a medical sign of many conditions including endometrial cancer, yeast infections, and some STDs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Discharge (185 words)

	Partial discharge detecting sensor and gas insulated electric apparatus provided with a partial discharge detecting ...
		[0015] A partial discharge detecting device (2) according to the present invention comprises the partial discharge detecting sensor (1) mentioned-above and a coaxial cable connected by means of a connector to the terminal.
		The sensor part of the partial discharge detecting device (2) is disposed in the recess of the hand hole of the gas insulated bus having a conductor and a gas insulated switch connected with the gas insulated bus.
		[0016] A gas insulated electric apparatus according to the present invention comprises the partial discharge detecting sensor (1) or the partial discharge detecting device (2), a gas insulated bus having the conductor therein having the hand hole disposed in a recess formed in the hand hole, a gas insulated switch connected to the bus.
	www.freshpatents.com /Partial-discharge-detecting-sensor-and-gas-insulated-electric-apparatus-provided-with-a-partial-discharge-detecting-sensor-dt20051229ptan20050285604.php?type=description (3056 words)

	[No title]
		This purpose of this report is to explain the phenomenon of partial discharge (PD) in electrical conductors, and describe one of the techniques used to detect partial discharge.
		Partial discharges can occur not only in cables, but also in switchgear, motor windings, generator windings, and generally in situations where the insulator dielectric strength is insufficient to prevent the flow of electrons due to the electric field.
		Corona partial discharges occur in gases around the conductor and the term corona should not be applied to other forms of partial discharge (BS 4828:1985).In order to detect PD it is clear that a characteristic of PD must be used.
	www.34usa.com (2063 words)

	[No title]
		Discharge measurements made at miscellaneous sites and for special studies are given in separate tables.
		The date of the maximum discharge is not always certain but is usually determined by comparison with nearby continuous-record stations, weather records, or local inquiry.
		Discharge of 18,000 ft3/s published in the 1991 report was undefined.
	va.water.usgs.gov /annual/1996/sw/crest.stage.html (3682 words)

	Litigation Professional Information Center: Partial Discharge of Student Loan Debt Improper Without Undue Hardship ...
		Deciding an issue of first impression in the Eleventh Circuit, the court concluded that a partial discharge of student loan debt is not possible without a finding of undue hardship.
		However, in light of the "magnitude of the amount of the existing student loans and the accumulation of interest," the bankruptcy court ordered a partial discharge, reducing the indebtedness from $114,000 to $50,000 and establishing a 25-year plan for repayment at a 7 percent annual interest rate.
		The student loan creditors appealed, arguing that student loans cannot be discharged under Section 523(a)(8) without a showing of "undue hardship." The district court agreed, and reversed the bankruptcy court's partial discharge of the student loan debt.
	litigationcenter.bna.com /pic2/lit.nsf/id/BNAP-5PYRD4?OpenDocument (660 words)

	Corona discharge, corona emission, partial discharge & arcing (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Partial discharge is an electrical discharge that does not bridge the entire space between the two electrodes.
		Corona discharge is a luminous partial discharge from conductors and insulators due to ionization of the air, where the electrical field exceeds a critical value.
		The corona discharge emits radiation in the 280nm-405nm spectral range, mostly in the ultraviolet (UV) and therefore is invisible to the human eye, though relatively weak emission at about 400 nm might be observed at night under conditions of absolute darkness.
	www.daycor.com /corona.html (498 words)

	W. S. Test Systems Limited - Leading Manufacturer of High Voltage test and measuring equipment in India. Besides ...
		Partial discharge meter (type DTM) which is the basic measuring unit with built-in Digital Storage Oscilloscope.
		Partial discharges in the test object cause charge transfers in the high-voltage circuit, giving rise to voltage pulse variations on the measuring impedance (Quadripole).
		Partial discharge meter (DTM D) The measured partial discharge intensity is displayed either in pC or in mV in accordance with IEC60270/IS6209 or NEMA 107.
	www.wstestsystems.com /pdmdd.htm (796 words)

	Location of Partial Discharges in Electrical Devices Using RF Signal Analysis - Tutorial - Developer Zone - National ...
		Partial discharge refers to the dissipation of energy caused by the localized build-up of an electrical field in an insulating material.
		Partial discharges are most commonly observed in high-voltage devices such as transformers and generators.
		One of the most nonintrusive ways of detecting partial discharges is by capturing the RF energy generated by these discharges.
	zone.ni.com /devzone/conceptd.nsf/webmain/1FEA05B4F16AF8BE86256FFC004686B8?opendocument&node=dz00000_us (423 words)

	Products / Condition Assessment
		Partial discharge is an electrical discharge or spark that bridges a portion of the insulation between two conducting electrodes.
		Partial discharge can occur in voids within solid insulation, across the surface of insulating material due to contaminants or irregularities, within gas bubbles in liquid insulation or around an electrode in gas (corona activity).
		Partial discharge may occur in aged, defective or poor quality insulation and can propagate and develop until the insulation is unable to withstand the electrical stress leading to flashover and failure.
	www.eatechnology.com /PartialDischarge.asp (598 words)

	t-clad insulated metal substrate thermal management materials/home
		Partial Discharges (PD) are localized releases of internal energy stored in electrical insulation systems in regions of defects in the media and/or at interfaces of different materials.
		These discharges of energy are within the insulation system being restricted to only a part of the dielectric material hence not necessarily forming electrically conducting paths amongst system conductors.
		The term "Partial Discharge" is relatively new and includes a broad spectrum of life reducing (i.e.
	www.bergquistcompany.com /ts_electronical.cfm (944 words)

	[No title]
		Identifying such a low discharge is a significant achievement -- as a comparison, a new switchgear lineup leaving a factory floor typically has to have a PD level of less than 100 picocoulombs at an operating voltage to pass quality control test.
		Partial discharge analysis can be applied to various types of MV and HV equipment, including switchgear, motors, generators, power transformers, substation instrument transformers (PTs and CTs), terminations and splices of cables, iso-phase buses, etc.
		Factors that lead to partial discharges in switchgear and influence the speed of problem development are primarily environmental: humidity, pollution, corrosive environment, presence of conductive or non-conductive airborne particles, etc. This leads to a limited number of predictive maintenance solutions that involves correcting environmental conditions.
	www.electricity-today.com /et/aug00/snemo.htm (3082 words)

	Lord Consulting: Technical Papers - Experiences with continuous partial discharge monitoring
		In the case of discharge monitoring, to ensure that the correct signals are detected in the first place, the design and selection of sensor has to be appropriate to both the magnitude and frequency spectrum of the discharge signals of interest.
		Partial discharge in insulation inside metalclad static power plant such as switchgear, cable end boxes and busbar chambers, causes small current pulses to flow in the outer skin of the apparatus.
		Because of the dynamic nature of discharges in insulation, which vary according to changes in temperature, pressure, humidity, electrical stress (and sometimes, it seems, even with the colour of the engineer's hair!), it is extremely difficult to make precise objective measurements of magnitude and location.
	www.lordconsulting.com /techpapers/online-monitor/pd-experiences.php (4201 words)

	ACCUMULATOR - LoveToKnow Article on ACCUMULATOR (Site not responding. Last check: )
		At the end of a discharge it is a common thing for the plates to be standing in 25% acid, while inside the pores the acid may not exceed 8% or 10%.
		With high discharge rates, something like o-i volt may be lost in the cells, by ordinary ohmic fall, si that a voltage reading of 1-75 means an E.M.F. of a little ovei 1-8 volt, and a very weak density of the acid inside the pores.
		There is, however, one difference between charging and discharging namely, that due to the strong acid near the positive, with a corresponding weaker acid near the negative electrode.
	www.1911ency.org /A/AC/ACCUMULATOR.htm (9071 words)

	Partial-discharge measurements (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In cases where these discharges are limited to a small area — i.e.
		Partial discharges that occur again and again mean loss of energy and can, in the long run, damage the insulation medium.
		The constructional causes of partial discharges can be divided into different types.
	www.abb.com /global/abbzh/abbzh262.nsf/0/30f44f27dc57e644c12569fb002ab0ba?OpenDocument&v=1C626&e=us (102 words)

	Sparking Reliability at Your Facility
		A partial discharge is an electrical spark that bridges a portion of the insulation between energized conductors in a dielectric.
		Partial discharges typically occur at 2,000V or greater and are measured in units of charge called picoCoulombs (pC).
		Often field insulation tests of existing equipment produce very little or no partial discharges, which shows the insulation system is in good condition and will not require another test for one year.
	ecmweb.com /mag/electric_sparking_reliability_facility/index.html (946 words)

	PD Systems: ICM System
		During a pre-set measuring time, the partial discharge pulses are accumulated and sorted according to their pulse intensity and phase angle.
		The frequency of occurrence of partial discharge pulses is coded in colors, where the intensity of the color increases with the frequency of occurrence.
		The resulting pattern, sometimes called a PD fingerprint, displays the partial discharge physics and can hence be used to identify the defect type in the insulation system by comparison to a catalog of typical PD patterns for various types of defects.
	www.pd-systems.com /system1.html (280 words)

	Everything you need to know about partial discharges
		These partial discharges may occur in liquid, solid or gas installations due to: the deterioration of the insulation condition or to the improper installation, faulty design or handicraft (in the case of joints and terminations created on the spot).
		Partial discharge testing is used in order to verify the integrity of installations and its testing uses Partial Discharge (PD) measurements that can safely indicate which part from the system is in need of assistance or maintenance.
		The partial discharge testing has proved, especially in the last ten years, to be highly effective in determining insulation degradation before the breakdown.
	www.articlepeak.com /Article/Everything-you-need-to-know-about-partial-discharges/54686 (510 words)

	EDUCATIONAL CREDIT MANAGEMENT CORPORATION v.THERESA RAE BLAIR (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On remand, the bankruptcy court in Hornsby concluded that the debtors were not entitled to a hardship discharge of their student loan debts because: (1) they made no good faith efforts to repay loans; (2) they had sufficient monthly disposable income to make payments; and (3) they would not be impoverished by repayment.
		Because the debtor failed to show undue hardship to repay $44,000 of the law school loan, the bankruptcy court denied dischargeability in that amount and granted a partial discharge on the balance of the law school loan.
		Further, ECMC contends that the bankruptcy court's partial discharge was improper because it arbitrarily reduced the Debts.
	www.ce9.uscourts.gov /web/bap.nsf/0/17EAFE4CD6FA8A6688256D040081E59A?opendocument (2650 words)

	IPEC HV - Introduction to Partial Discharge
		Partial Discharge (PD), as its name would suggest, is an electrical discharge that occurs across a portion of the insulation between two conducting electrodes, without completely bridging the gap.
		Partial Discharges can occur in voids in solid insulation (paper, polymer etc), gas bubbles in liquid insulation or around an electrode in a gas (corona).
		Partial Discharge activity can initiate under normal working conditions in high voltage equipment where the insulation condition has deteriorated with age and/or has been aged prematurely by thermal over-stressing.
	www.ipechv.co.uk /technical/partial-discharge.html (603 words)

	Electric power engineering - Partial Discharge (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Partial Discharge (small arcs in air bubbles or gaps or at spikes) will destroy any insulation of solid organic material generating carbon.
		Partial discharge occurs at points where there is a sever difference in dielectic strength, and is a function of the field stress at the point.
		One other thing to consider: if you have significant partial discharge (especially if you see an increasing trend of severity of the PD) in an oil-insulated transformer, combustible gas buildup within the oil is a possibility.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=18808 (1053 words)

	Electric Energy Online
		Partial discharges occur at voids (or cavities) in electrical insulation or at interfaces between materials, in cable accessories, for example.
		Partial Discharge: Direct, capacitive or inductive couplers (sensors) are installed on or near the cable accessory to locate and measure PD in cable splices and terminations while the cable is on-line.
		Partial discharge monitoring of rotating machines has been used for several decades to evaluate the insulation condition in the stator windings of motors and generators (28).
	www.electricenergyonline.com /article.asp?m=4&mag=6&article=44 (2873 words)

	Publication Details - AS 60270-2001 High-voltage test techniques - Partial discharge measurements (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This International Standard is applicable to the measurement of partial discharges which occur in electrical apparatus, components or systems when tested with alternating voltages up to 400 Hz or with direct voltage.
		The provisions of this standard should be used in the drafting of specifications relating to partial discharge measurements for specific power apparatus.
		This standard is primarily concerned with electrical measurements of partial discharges made during tests with alternating voltage, but specific problems which arise when tests are made with direct voltage are considered in clause 11.
	www.saiglobal.com /shop/script/Details.asp?DocN=AS653843822202 (626 words)

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