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Topic: Partial equilibrium

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Nash equilibrium

punctuated equilibrium

general equilibrium

chemical equilibrium

equilibrium constant

Thermodynamic equilibrium

thermal equilibrium

non equilibrium thermodynamics

hydrostatic equilibrium

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dynamic equilibrium

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	Economic equilibrium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In economics, economic equilibrium often refers to an equilibrium in a market that "clears": this is the case where a market for a product has attained the price where the amount supplied of a certain product equals the quantity demanded.
		The concept of equilibrium is also applied to describe and understand other sub-systems of the economy that do not follow the logic of supply and demand, for example, population growth.
		This example is also partial equilibrium, while equilibrium may be multi-market or general.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Economic_equilibrium (745 words)

	General equilibrium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Partial equilibrium analysis is adequate when the first-order effects of a shift in, say, the demand curve do not shift the supply curve.
		Some of the recent work in general equilibrium has in fact explored the implications of incomplete markets, which is to say an intertemporal economy with uncertainty, where there do not exist sufficiently detailed contracts that would allow agents to fully allocate their consumption and resources through time.
		While the issues are fairly technical the basic intuition is that the presence of wealth effects (which is the feature that most clearly delineates general equilibrium analysis from partial equilibrium) generates the possibility of multiple equilibria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/General_equilibrium (3544 words)

	Intute sciences - Chemical Sciences: Chemical Equilibrium: Equilibrium Constants Explain the Principle of Le Chatelier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		These partial pressures are the partial pressures which actually prevail at equilibrium, not the partial pressures of the gases which may have been mixed initially.
		The partial pressure of hydrogen having increased, there is a stress on the equilibrium which is relieved by removal of some partial pressure of hydrogen, y, through the chemical reaction.
		because x + 2y is the new equilibrium partial pressure of hydrogen iodide, 1.0 + z - y is the new equilibrium partial pressure of hydrogen, and 1.0 - y is the new equilibrium partial pressure of iodine.
	www.intute.ac.uk /sciences/reference/plambeck/chem1/p01102.htm (1733 words)

	Intute sciences - Chemical Sciences: Chemical Equilibrium: Simple Gas-Phase Equilibria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		When all of the substances which participate in a chemical equilibrium are gases, it is most convenient to express the amounts of substance present per unit volume in terms of the partial pressure of each of the gases.
		The equilibrium partial pressure of chlorine in a container which has a partial pressure of 100 kPa of HCl and 1.00 Pa of hydrogen can be calculated.
		In many studies of chemical equilibria, it is either inconvenient or impractical to measure the equilibrium concentrations, partial pressures, or activities of all of the substances involved in the equilibrium.
	www.intute.ac.uk /sciences/reference/plambeck/chem1/p01111.htm (667 words)

	Hussman Funds - Weekly Market Comment: September 7, 2003 - General Equilibrium
		Partial equilibrium allows us to examine the effect of a change in the supply or demand in a given market, on the assumption that other conditions in the economy are held constant.
		Only partial equilibrium thinking allows statements like "Money is going out of Treasuries and into stocks." General equilibrium looks closer and recognizes that if bonds are being sold by Mickey, they have to be bought by Nicky; if stocks are being bought by Mickey, they have to be sold by Ricky.
		General equilibrium is why the currency and government securities produced by these reallocations represent not aggregate wealth, but claims of some members of society on the future production of others.
	www.hussmanfunds.com /wmc/wmc030907.htm (1802 words)

	equilibrium constants - Kp
		The partial pressure of one of the gases in a mixture is the pressure which it would exert if it alone occupied the whole container.
		A homogeneous equilibrium is one in which everything in the equilibrium mixture is present in the same phase.
		That is all that is left in the equilibrium constant expression.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /physical/equilibria/kp.html (829 words)

	World Bank Group \| Poverty & Social Impact Analysis \| Impact analysis: Partial equilibrium models
		Partial equilibrium models equate supply and demand in one or more markets so that the markets clear at their equilibrium price levels.
		Partial equilibrium models do not include all production and consumption accounts in an economy, nor do they attempt to capture all of the economy's markets and prices.
		Partial equilibrium models are best suited to analyzing sector reforms that are less likely to have large impacts on macroeconomic aggregates.
	lnweb18.worldbank.org /ESSD/sdvext.nsf/81ParentDoc/ToolsandMethodsImpactanalysisPartialequilibriummodels?Opendocument (164 words)

	Partial equilibrium analysis is a special case of the general A-D model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The introductory economics story is a partial equilibrium story augmented by a story of how single markets react to price floors.
		It (the augmented story) just is not the A-D model, though the unaugmented partial equilibrium story is. > This story relies on a model of the labor > market with monotone supply and demand functions.
		Partial equilibrium analysis is a special case of the general A-D model.
	www.dreamscape.com /rvien/Fumbles/PartialEquilibrium.html (241 words)

	Calculating equilibrium compositions
		The equilibrium constant for the reaction is known to be 92.6.
		The larger of these would lead to negative equilibrium partial pressures, which is an unphysical situation.
		Approximations of this sort cannot always be made, in which case it might be necessary to solve the equilibrium constant equation by numerical means.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/tuckerman/honors.chem/lectures/lecture_20/node1.html (560 words)

	Chapter 13 Extra Problems
		The equilibrium constant for this reaction at a particular temperature is 5.0´10
		Write an ICE table to show how the partial pressures change when so NO(g) is formed, and write an expression for the equilibrium constant.
		Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of NO(g) in air at this temperature and a total pressure of 100.
	www.chem.queensu.ca /CHEMBOOK/chapters/extraprb13.htm (524 words)

	Chemical Equilibria: Calculations involving Reaction Stoichiometry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The pressure of the system could thus be used to directly calculate the equilibrium constant, because the system pressure was the same as the partial pressure of the gas-phase species.
		The pressure of the system is the sum of the partial pressures of the components of the gas, and each of these partial pressures differs from the initial values.
		These values are called "analytical partial pressures" and are the partial pressures of each species the experimenter put in the system.
	www.chm.davidson.edu /ChemistryApplets/equilibria/ReactionTable.html (869 words)

	Chapter 12: Principles of Chemical Equilibrium
		In this chapter the dynamic equilibrium established in chemical reactions is explored, and its similarity to phase equilibrium is emphasized.
		For liquid-vapor phase equilibrium, we saw that the equilibrium state at a fixed T is characterized by a constant pressure (concentration) of vapor.
		Notice that, as was true for phase equilibrium, the equilibrium constant is a ratio of rate constants for forward and reverse processes.
	www.wpi.edu /Academics/Depts/Chemistry/Courses/General/concep12.html (7752 words)

	Gas Phase Chemical Equilibrium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Here, you are expected to review the general concept of calculating equilibrium constants for any process involving a gas, a liquid, a solid or combinations of the phases.
		The equilibrium for any reaction may be shifted by external effects such as temperature, pressure, reactant concentrations, etc. You need to be able to identify the nature of such effects and be able to predict the direction of a shift.
		Find the partial pressures of the two gases after a new equilibrium is established.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~chem/introchem/gaseq.html (352 words)

	Chapter 15 Assigned Homework Answers
		(a) At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
		Since the changes in partial pressures are related by the stoichiometry of the reaction, the partial pressure of N
		(a) Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of I(g) given the mass of I(g), the volume of the vessel, and the temperature.
	www.tarleton.edu /~alow/84ch15.htm (713 words)

	Chemical Equilibrium: calculations and problem examples
		Partial pressure is the mole fraction times the total pressure.
		The partial pressures in the bottom row were found by multiplying the mole fraction of each gas by the total pressure: P
		O(l) (in which the water concentration does change), dilution will have no effect on the equilibrium; the situation is analogous to the way the pressure dependence of a gas-phase reaction depends on the number of moles of gaseous components on either side of the equation.
	www.chem1.com /acad/webtext/chemeq/Eq-05.html (2161 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Partial equilibrium - Analysis of one market at a time b.
		Partial equilibrium treats other prices as constant, but change in price of one good affects the demand for other goods c.
		Partial equilibrium analysis works well when there are no close substitutes or complements 8.
	econ.bu.edu /lang/ec101/nov1.txt (635 words)

	Partial equilibrium of radiogenic and stable isotope systems in garnet peridotite during ultrahigh-pressure ...
		Partial equilibrium of radiogenic and stable isotope systems in garnet peridotite during ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism -- Zheng et al.
		Partial equilibrium of radiogenic and stable isotope systems in garnet peridotite during ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism
		In particular, garnet is not in oxygen isotope equilibrium
	ammin.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/88/11-12/1633 (421 words)

	CHM 1046 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This may involve knowing equilibrium values for some of the reactants and products and determining the concentration of an unknown.
		Many types of equilibrium problems deal with determining how much of a product (or reactant) we will have once a reaction reaches equilibrium.
		Thus the equilibrium concentrations of the various components in the reaction are:
	wine1.sb.fsu.edu /chm1046/notes/ChmEquil/AppConst/AppConst.htm (1180 words)

	Estimating Equilibrium Exchange Rates in Developing Countries
		These partial equilibrium approaches have several virtues: they draw on a substantial body of empirical work, impose minimal data requirements, and are computationally straightforward.
		Although much work has been done on methodologies for estimating the equilibrium RER, methodologies for determining the nominal exchange rate adjustments required to achieve a given realignment of the RER are more rudimentary and will often be the most problematic part of the policy analysis.
		The paper in the final part of the study establishes the stylized facts relating to the effects of exchange rate movements on inflation and the RER and sets out a reasonably accurate consistency framework for quantifying these effects that can be used until more sophisticated approaches are developed.
	www.worldbank.org /html/dec/Publications/Abstracts97/06econ/econ35.html (838 words)

	Changes in partial pressure/concentration of a reactant or product
		In both cases, however, the partial pressures when equilibrium is reestablished will not necessarily be the same as they were before before the partial pressures were changed, as the following example illustrates:
		and suppose that it is in equilibrium with partial pressures:
		which shows that the new partial pressures are not the same as the old when equilibrium is restored in the system.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/tuckerman/honors.chem/lectures/lecture_20/node4.html (228 words)

	BA 4309 – Regulation of Business, Fall 1999 – Test 1
		partial equilibrium analysis focuses on normative issues, general equilibrium analysis on positive issues
		partial equilibrium analysis includes only a few markets, general equilibrium analysis includes all markets.
		partial equilibrium analysis concentrates on a single market, general equilibrium analysis on more than one market
	www.utdallas.edu /~plewin/MECO6201SU2001tst1.htm (789 words)

	98Exam 1
		An increase in the partial pressure of CO g) causes all of the following to exist once equilibrium is re-established except
		At 222°C, the equilibrium partial pressure of NH is 0.40 atm, of N
		By means of a "cold trap" ammonia gas is removed until its equilibrium partial pressure is 0.10 atm.
	www.tamuk.edu /chemistry/kfjb000/1312Ex1S98.htm (727 words)

	CHP - Solving Gas-Phase Equilibria Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The following problem is an example of determining the equilibrium partial pressures in a gas-phase equilibrium problem.
		Now calculate the reaction quotient, Q, to determine the direction in which the reaction will proceed to reach equilibrium.
		The changes and equilibrium partial pressures are given in the following table:
	www.chem.vt.edu /chem-ed/equilibr/eqprgas1.html (160 words)

	[No title]
		At equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, and there is no further change in concentration.
		Kc is a constant for a given reaction at a given temperature.
		Solution: Step (a): The equilibrium table is: Balanced EquationN2H6CO2(s) «ð2 NH3(g) + CO2(g)Initial Partial Pressures (atm)(solid!)00Change (atm)not applicable2xxEquilibrium Partial Pressures (atm)not applicable2x = p(NH3) x = p(CO2) Step (b): The total pressure at equilibrium (given as 0.116 atm) equals the sum of the partial pressures.
	spiepho.sbc.edu /worksheets/Gen_Chem_2/Chp14,Equilibrium_Prob.doc (688 words)

	Gas-Phase Equilibrium Sample Problem
		For background information see the documents on gas-phase equilibria and the general solution of equilibria problems.
		The pre-equilibrium partial pressures, changes in partial pressures, and equilibrium partial pressures are given in the following table:
		Think about the total pressure before the system was at equilibrium, and the direction that we said the reaction would proceed to reach equilibrium.
	www.chem.vt.edu /chem-ed/courses/equil/gasphase/sample.html (192 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		ab} \pard \s2\fi-720\li1440\sl0\tx720\tx1440 {\\pn \pnlvl2\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta.}} {\plain Partial* equilibrium treats other prices as constant, but change in price of one good affects the demand for other goods\par }{\pntext\pard c.
		ab} \pard \s2\fi-720\li1440\sl0\tx720\tx1440 {\\pn \pnlvl2\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta.}} {\plain Does partial* equilibrium analysis give the same answer as general equilibrium analysis?\par }{\pntext\pard b.
		ab} \pard \s2\fi-720\li1440\sl0\tx720\tx1440 {\\pn \pnlvl2\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxta.}} {\plain Partial* equilibrium analysis works well when there are no close substitutes or complements\par }{\pntext\pard 8.
	econ.bu.edu /lang/ec101/nov1.doc (1370 words)

	SSRN-A Partial Equilibrium Model of Option Markets by Dietmar Leisen, Kenneth Judd
		This paper addresses the questions who is buying and who is selling options on a stock, the optimal position to hold, and how this affects the price.
		The individual demand functions and the equilibrium allocation are derived using an asymptotically valid expansion.
		The paper also discusses the conditions under which trade results, the importance of heterogeneity for trade, when preferences become irrelevant to price options, and the case in which there is only a spanning demand, but no risk-sharing demand in options.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=243460 (272 words)

	Partial Pressure Equilibrium lab
		At 25oC, the total pressure of the gases in equilibrium with the solid is 0.116 atm.
		In the first part, if you find the mole fractions of each component, you can find the partial pressure and from that the Kp.
		Once you find the Kp, for the second part of the question, you that even if the the partial pressure of CO2 has to decrease by some amount, finally at equilibrium, Kp is the same.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=114971 (517 words)

	EconPapers: A Partial Equilibrium Model of Option Markets
		Abstract: This paper uses an asymptotically valid expansion to derive explicitly agent's individual demand schedules and then the equilibrium allocations in options.
		Agents derive financial and non-tradeable income over time; they can only partially offset the latter using bonds and stocks and the option increases their risk-spanning possibilities.
		It also looks into the case in which there is only a spanning demand, but no risk-sharing demand in options and explains that teh financial innovation would then "fail," and discusses the conditions under which the option price is determined entirely by distributional characteristics.
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/scescecf1/219.htm (271 words)

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