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Topic: Participatory design

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	[No title]
		Participatory design is still a relatively young approach, and at present it is more of a movement or research orientation than a coherent methodology, so it hasn’t developed evaluative criteria to the same level that, say, quantitative studies have.
		Participatory design is meant to improve workers’ quality of life both in terms of democratic empowerment (that is, workers’ control over their own work organization, tools, and processes) and functional empowerment (that is, workers’ ability to perform their given tasks with ease) (see Blomberg, Suchman, and Trigg 1997; Spinuzzi, Bowie, Rodgers, and Li 2003).
		Participatory design studies are not a “listening tour” in which researchers hear the concerns of users, then go away and design a solution; they are participatory top to bottom and must include verifiable, regular avenues for group interaction and definite routines for ensuring that users’ concerns are methodically addressed in the resulting design.
	www.cwrl.utexas.edu /~spinuzzi/2004spring/rhe330c/spinuzzi-rr-ch6.html (6638 words)

	Participatory design
		Participatory design may be more difficult to implement than traditional approaches to system design in feminist organizations if it requires greater staff input and resources, which women’s groups are often ill-equipped to offer due to under-resourcing.
		Participatory design may provide women’s organizations with an excellent opportunity to investigate and revise organizational structures, and the past failures of feminist organizational practice may be useful points of reflection for participatory designers struggling with questions about authority, specialization of knowledge and tasks that arise in participatory approaches to design.
		Consideration of gender and organizational structure in relation to participatory design suggests that it is perhaps time for participatory designers to begin turning their attention to the challenges related to designing for unstable, poorly capitalized organizations and a wide range of learners.
	www.sfu.ca /~ebalka/aarhus.htm (4540 words)

	Bringing Design to Software - Profile 14 - Participatory Design
		The field of participatory design grew out of work beginning in the early 1970s in Norway, when computer professionals worked with members of the Iron and Metalworkers Union to enable the workers to have more influence on the design and introduction of computer systems into the workplace.
		Design must therefore be carried out by the common efforts of skilled, experienced users and design professionals.
		Even when designers and prospective users have unlimited time for conversation, there are many aspects of a work process—such as how a particular tool is held, or what it is for something to "look right"—that reside in the complex, often tacit, domain of context.
	hci.stanford.edu /bds/14-p-partic.html (1217 words)

	Participatory Design - Stanford University - Computer Science 201 Final Project
		Participatory Design is a distinctly Scandinavian approach, first introduced in the 1970s, by academics and practitioners who were concerned about the impact of new technologies on the health and rights of workers.
		Participatory Design emphasizes democracy in the workplace and user involvement in all stages of the design process.
		A critical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Participatory Design as an approach to systems design is presented along with a discussion of the migration of the concept to the United States.
	cse.stanford.edu /class/cs201/projects-00-01/participatory-design/index.html (223 words)

	Revising the Roles of Management in Participatory Design
		Participatory design is a discipline of design practices based on complete inclusion of the user or intended work community in the design of their tools and processes.
		Participatory design (PD) differs from other approaches (such as joint application design, or JAD) in that the users are more than stakeholders in the design and development process - they share responsibility with the developers for the quality and performance of the delivered system.
		Participatory approaches in design are based on the assumptions of democratic principles, which are often considered by management to be irrelevant in the workplace.
	redesignresearch.com /pd-mgt.htm (1769 words)

	Participatory design - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Participatory design is an approach to design that attempts to actively involve the end users in the design process to help ensure that the product designed meets their needs and is usable.
		Participatory design can be seen as a move of end-users into the world of researchers and developers, whereas empathic design can be seen as a move of researchers and developers into the world of end-users.
		Many groups and projects throughout Scandinavia apply participatory design research methods on a regular basis, and, hence, are part of the development and appropriation of the methods, as well as of disseminating the methods to industrial practice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Participatory_design (1087 words)

	Participatory design: Classroom applications and experiences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Using the participatory design process, a team of programmers, researchers and a school community have come together to plan and design a computerized speech toolkit to meet the needs of children with profound sensorineural hearing loss.
		Participatory design is an active team process in which all team members participate in the planning and design of a product or program.
		A critical component of participatory design is the communication between the developers of the technology and the users of the technology.
	www.tmos.org /tech/papers/S0836.html (3130 words)

	Participatory Design of a Portable Torque-Feedback Device
		Participatory design brings these two backgrounds together to create new systems with the goal of improving the quality of work life, as shown in Figure 1.
		Participatory design is a collaborative approach to design, not a rigid set of design methods.
		Participatory design is an approach that responds to its context, rather than a fixed set of procedures used in all situations.
	www.recordare.com /good/chi92.html (5138 words)

	Tec-Ed Services - Participatory Design Details - Tec-Ed User-Centered Design
		Participatory design is a design method in which a team of people who represent the stakeholders in a product design effort—users, designers, and developers—work together to create product designs that reflect the way customers will actually use the product.
		In a participatory design session, the facilitator doesn’t use a formal script or predefined tasks, as in usability testing.
		At the close of a participatory design session, the team has produced one or more paper prototypes of a user interface, consisting of sketches or block diagrams of screens or web pages and textual descriptions of interface behavior.
	www.teced.com /services_design_participatory_detail.html (425 words)

	Participatory Design - Stanford University - Computer Science 201 Final Project
		Participatory Design is an approach to systems design that allows end-users to draw the line for automation with systems developers.
		Therefore, Participatory Design suggests that the principle should be adopted that computers be tools that offer assistance and enhance human abilities in the workplace.
		It requires that the design of the system take into consideration the delicate balance of human/computer interaction, growth of human creativity and development of valuable skills in the workplace.
	cse.stanford.edu /classes/cs201/projects-00-01/participatory-design/intro.html (205 words)

	Participatory Design (PD)
		Participatory design is the antithesis to traditional design.
		Abstract: Participatory design is the antithesis to traditional design in which designers are expected to exhibit their expertise.
		It starts from the premise that it is the right of all affected by a design to have an active role in its development and that appropriate ways of exercising this right can lead to better designs.
	www.eng.tau.ac.il /~yoram/topics/pd.html (877 words)

	Liberating Voices! A Pattern Language for Communication Revolution
		In the design of "groupware", software developers often create systems that embed users in a system like cogs in a machine where a more human-centered system could be developed.
		Without genuine participation in the design process, class, managerial, or other privileges become "designed in." That is, socio-technological systems often carry forward the perquisites and propensities of the designers, intentionally or unwittingly.
		Make a strong effort to include the "users" of any designed system -- be it software, information and communication systems, administrative services and processes, art, city plans, architecture, education, governance, or others -- into its design process in an open, authentic, and non-coerced fashion.
	diac.cpsr.org /cgi-bin/diac02/pattern.cgi/public?pattern_id=298 (489 words)

	JAD and Participatory Design
		Design by doing is such a way that considering the labor process not only as an information process and describable aspects of the labor processes and computer support.
		The primary goals of participatory design (PD) are the involvement of the individuals who do work in a process in the designing of that process, and the building of shared understanding and knowledge amongst the participants in a process.
		PD recognizes that design is fundamentally a social activity which is not entirely rational and that it is a process of reflection-in-acting best done in an iterative or hermeneutic manner.
	sern.ucalgary.ca /courses/seng/613/F97/grp1/report.html (8200 words)

	View Cden/PDC06
		Participatory design (PD) is a diverse collection of principles and practices aimed at making technologies and social institutions more responsive to human needs.
		While participatory design principles and practices are most often applied to the design of technical systems and artefacts, increasingly there is both the need and the opportunity to focus PD approaches on other domains, such as physical environments, organizational practices, and IT-enabled services.
		Likewise, the contexts in which PD is practiced has grown to include teams of globally distributed designers and practitioners; actor networks that span organizational, expertise, cultural and linguistic difference; and activity areas beyond the workplace, such as domestic and leisure.
	deed.ryerson.ca /xiki/View/Cden/PDC06 (527 words)

	Computer-Aided Participatory Design
		The participatory design process, including the participatory development of tools, is a complex process whose effectiveness may be enhanced by support from computational tools.
		Communication among members of the design group requires that there be consensus on the naming (i.e., a shared denotation and understanding of relevant terms and concepts), constraints, problem structuring, and design trade-offs.
		We conjecture that what is needed is a focus on specific design contexts, each of which exhibits its own particular problems of interpretation and translation of varying user and designer perspectives, and the honing of computer support tools in a participatory atmosphere responsive to differing design circumstances.
	www.eng.tau.ac.il /~yoram/topics/capd.html (8155 words)

	Participatory design
		It is believed participator design will increase working place democracy by giving the members of an organization the right to participate in decisions that are likely to affect their work.
		Participatory design isn't a unified approach to software systems development, but rather a family of approaches subscribing to same goals and ideals of user participation.
		Participatory design is explicit on the conflict between those funding the software system, management, and its users, the workers.
	www.idi.ntnu.no /~thomasos/thesis/x184.htm (1704 words)

	User-centered design - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		User-centered design can be characterized as a multi-stage problem solving process that not only requires designers to analyze and foresee how users are likely to use an interface, but to test the validity of their assumptions with regards to user behaviour in real world tests with actual users.
		Such testing is necessary as it is often very difficult for the designers of an interface to understand intuitively what a first-time user of their design experiences, and what each user's learning curve may look like.
		Participatory design (PD), North American term for about the same, inspired in Cooperative Design, focusing on the participation of the users.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/User_Centered_Design (834 words)

	Tec-Ed Services - Participatory Design - Tec-Ed User-Centered Design
		Participatory design enables designers and developers to learn user needs and preferences through a facilitated group design process.
		With users in a participatory design session, product teams gain user input early in the process.
		In participatory design, a team of people who represent the stakeholders in a product design effort—users, designers, and developers—work together to create product designs that reflect the way customers will actually use the product.
	www.teced.com /services_design_participatory.html (205 words)

	Participatory Design - Special Interest Group [SIGPaD] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Designing learning environments has changed considerably due to the increasing use of support tools from information and communication technology and due to shift from consumer design to participatory design.
		The availability of tools for the design of enhanced learning environments as well as web based course management systems has shifted focus of the design of rich, multimedia learning environments from professional designers to end users, like teachers and learners.
		Participatory design methods and techniques empower designers to actively participate in designing learning environments.
	kaleidoscope.gw.utwente.nl /sig-pd (362 words)

	Computing Papers on Participatory design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Software designers need to apply methods that provide insights into the user s mental model of the application s target task and to invite the user to be an active participant in the design process.
		We discuss a participatory design project in which we are exploring these issues in the design of knowledge management support for public school teachers, leveraging a community networking infrastructure and everyday representational frameworks for knowledge.
		These were used in the participatory design sessions, and further interfaces were also designed by participants.
	computing.breinestorm.net /participatory+design (2674 words)

	PDC 98 - Participatory Design History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Practices in participatory design have emerged in different professions, places, and areas of technological development.
		We are interested in collecting additional historical summaries from omitted areas as well as mulitple perspective viewpoints on the participatory design histories presented.
		When certain social objectives are sought in design, the Collective Resources Approach aims to pool the various forms of specialized and situated expertise to increase the collective understanding of a given situation.
	archive.cpsr.net /conferences/pdc98/history.html (1543 words)

	Usability News - NordiCHI2006: Distributed Participatory Design - Oslo, Norway
		Participatory design (PD) is a design approach and philosophy that supports the direct participation of users and other stakeholders in system analysis and design work.
		Nowadays, PD design teams most often are distributed, which stress a need for support and knowledge gathered from design of distributed systems.
		The target audience of this workshop are researchers and practitioners who have an interest to overcome the challenges of performing participatory design in distributed design teams, or aim to expand the involvement of external stakeholders during design in distributed teams.
	www.usabilitynews.com /news/article3273.asp (764 words)

	SAP Design Guild -- Book Review: Participatory IT Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		According to the authors, IT designers are "people with IT competencies who plan and carry out a design project with a company." But these people are not UI or Web designers, as one might jump to conclude.
		This is the reason why user interface designers (or whatever job title they may have), who regard themselves as – and usually are – the primary user advocates in a company, should consider reading this book, even though, admittedly, it targets IT designers (and students of IT design).
		But if user interface designers take their role as user advocates seriously, they should be familiar with what goes on during an IT (design) project, what its main concerns and outcomes are, and particularly, where user participation is relevant or even mandatory to make an IT project successful.
	www.sapdesignguild.org /community/book_people/review_pit_design.asp (1170 words)

	Design
		We design with your team, both as independent voice and extended team resource.
		Design breakthroughs emerge from constructing many possible alternatives within the space of opportunity.
		Design and fit of process and practice to organizational world.
	redesignresearch.com /design.htm (140 words)

	glossary: participatory design
		Participatory design is a technique in which representative users provide continual feedback to designers as they develop preliminary prototypes in low-fidelity media (e.g.
		This method gives users an opportunity to interact with their suggestions for the product before those suggestions are codified into a program.
		Since studies show that user-designed systems are generally less usable than systems designed using mental modeling techniques, it's advisable to use a feedback loop such as participatory design before implementing user suggestions in a final product.
	www.ergolabs.com /participatory_design.htm (115 words)

	Using Participatory Design to Improve Web Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Participatory design (PD) originated in Scandinavia in the 1970s as a way to empower workers by involving them in the design of tools and artifacts.
		Participatory design created a more intimate social atmosphere between the researcher and the participants—it was an atmosphere of trust.
		Participatory design does take time, but it is worth the effort.
	www.infotoday.com /cilmag/oct05/nikolova-houston.shtml (3089 words)

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