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Topic: Participle

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	Participle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In linguistics, a participle is a kind of verbal adjective; it indicates that the noun it modifies is a participant in the action that the participle refers to.
		Participles are adjectives and are often used in front of nouns, as in "I saw a talking horse", "It was a done deal", and "She sold the crashed car at a loss".
		By contrast, the past participle is considered an adjective, and agrees with a noun in gender and number, except when used to express the perfect aspect (e.g., to have done, which in Spanish is haber hecho).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Participle (543 words)

	Participle and Gerund. Fowler, H. W. 1908. The King's English
		The participle itself, even when confusion with the other cannot occur, is much abused; and the slovenly uses of it that were good enough in Burke's time are now recognized solecisms.
		The participle is an adjective, and should be in agreement with a noun or pronoun; the gerund is a noun, of which it should be possible to say clearly whether, and why, it is in the subjective, objective, or possessive case, as we can of other nouns.
		We are quite aware, however, that in the first place a language does not remodel itself to suit the grammarian's fancy for neat classification; that secondly the confusion is not merely wanton or ignorant, but the result of natural development; that thirdly the change involves some inconveniences, especially to hurried and careless writers.
	www.bartleby.com /116/210.html (796 words)

	PARTICIPLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Participle is a verbal adjective, sharing in part the characteristics of both the verb and the adjective.
		For the proper understanding of a participle, therefore, it is necessary to consider (a) The grammatical agreement, (b) The use of the tense, and (c) The logical force or modal function.
		and H.A., the Adverbial Participle to the Circumstantial Participle, and the Substantive Participle to the Supplementary Participle.
	www.dabar.org /BurtonMoodsTenses/PARTICIPLE.html (217 words)

	Hebrew Participles
		Participles use the same endings you have learned for nouns and adjectives, so learning their inflections is easy.
		These X’s refer to the root letters of a given verb, and the Cholem Vav after the second letter is the characteristic “sign” of the qal active participle (note that the Cholem often appears instead of the Cholem Vav in the pattern, and this is known as defective spelling).
		Present active participles express a “continuous” aspect regarding the action of the verb (but the tense or sense of time of the action is determined solely by context).
	www.hebrew4christians.com /Grammar/Unit_Five/Participles/participles.html (1147 words)

	Verbals: Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives
		Gerunds and participles are also compared and contrasted in a separate section of this handout because they can both end in -ing but have different functions in a sentence.
		A participle is a verbal ending in -ing (present) or -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n (past) that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun.
		Participles and participial phrases must be placed as close to the nouns or pronouns they modify as possible, and those nouns or pronouns must be clearly stated.
	owl.english.purdue.edu /handouts/grammar/g_verbals.html (2846 words)

	Present Participle Adjuncts in the Book of Mormon - FARMS JBMS
		Participle adjuncts include present participle phrases, e.g., "having gained the victory over death" (Mosiah 15:8); present participle clauses, e.g., "he having four sons" (Ether 6:20), and a double-subject adjunct construction, known as the coreferential subject construction, where both subjects refer to the same thing, as in "Alma, being the chief judge.ï¿½.ï¿½.
		The first subject may be the subject of a participle clause, or it may be that both are redundant finite clause subjects surrounding a participle phrase.
		Both participle phrases and participle clauses are common in the Book of Mormon, and both occur in contexts that are similar to coreferential subject constructions.
	farms.byu.edu /display.php?table=jbms&id=134 (3439 words)

	Gerund - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is identical to the present participle in form, but behaves differently in syntax.
		A sentence with gerund phrase serving as a direct object can be recast in the passive voice, such that the gerund phrase becomes the subject, while a superficially similar sentence with a participle cannot undergo this transformation:
		In the first example, asking Bill is a noun, the direct object of suggested, while in the second, it is an adjective, the complement of the copula kept.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gerund (1098 words)

	The Participle
		The past participles of all regular verbs end in ed; the past participles of irregular verbs, however, vary considerably.
		If you look at bring, ring, and sing, for example, you'll see that their past participles do not follow the same pattern even though all three verbs have ing as the last three letters.
		Consult a dictionary whenever you are unsure of a verb's past participle form.
	www.chompchomp.com /terms/participle.htm (355 words)

	ADVERBIAL-PARTICIPLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A concessive participle refers to a fact which is unfavorable to the occurrence of the event denoted by the principal verb.
		That the participle, however, was in some cases still felt as a substantive (Adjective Participle used substantively) seems probable from its being used correlatively with an adjective or noun and from the occasional use of the participle with the article.
		If the action of the participle is subsequent to that of the principal verb, it almost invariably follows the verb, the tense of the participle being determined by the conception of the action as respects its progress.
	www.dabar.org /BurtonMoodsTenses/ADVERBIAL-PARTICIPLE.html (1623 words)

	Chambers Reference Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		participle noun, grammar a word formed from a verb, which has adjectival qualities as well as verbal ones.
		A participle may also be used as an adjective (as in a screaming child and a grown woman).
		participial adj having the role of a participle • participial clause.
	www.chambersharrap.co.uk /chambers/chref/chref.py/main?xref=21C30647&title=21st&query=participle (188 words)

	Verbals
		This section covers three different verbals: the participle (which acts as an adjective), the gerund (which acts as a noun), and the infinitive (which also acts as a noun).
		The second type of participle, the past participle, is a little more complicated, since not all verbs form the past tense regularly.
		Note that only transitive verbs can use their past participles as adjectives, and that unlike other verbals, past participles do not take objects (unless they are part of a compound verb).
	www.uottawa.ca /academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/verbals.html (349 words)

	JohnsEsl - An online community for teachers and students of ESL
		Participles are formed by adding either ~ing or ~ed to the stem of a verb, but be careful because not all verbs can become participle adjectives.
		Participle adjectives that end in ~ed are called past participles; those ending in ~ing are called present participles.
		Another good rule to remember is that an inanimate object (non-living thing) cannot have feelings; therefore, it cannot be described using the past participle (verb+ed), you must use the present participle (verb+ing).
	www.johnsesl.com /templates/grammar/participleadjectives.php (321 words)

	participle - yourDictionary.com - American Heritage Dictionary
		Participial phrases such as walking down the street or having finished her homework are commonly used in English to modify nouns or pronouns, but care must be taken in incorporating such phrases into sentences.
		Readers will ordinarily associate a participle with the noun, noun phrase, or pronoun adjacent to it, and misplacement may produce comic effects as in He watched his horse take a turn around the track carrying a racing sheet under his arm.
		·A number of expressions originally derived from participles have become prepositions, and these may be used to introduce phrases that are not associated with the immediately adjacent noun phrase.
	www.yourdictionary.com /ahd/p/p0087400.html (279 words)

	Present Participles
		The present participle alone can be used to express a relationship of sequentiality (anteriority or posteriority) between actions performed by the subject of the sentence.
		The present participle alone can, in very specific cases, be used to express a relationship of simultaneity.
		A present participle alone, whether it expresses a sequential action (B.1.) or a simultaneous action (B.2.), often replaces a relative clause, particularly in everyday speach.
	lilt.ilstu.edu /jhreid/grammar/present_participles.htm (754 words)

	Buber's Basque Page: Note 2: The Basque Participle
		This was true both for participles derived from verbal roots and for participles derived from nominal or adjectival roots.
		This development has sometimes had an interesting consequence: as the participle of the verb has shifted into the <-tu> class, the old participle has sometimes remained in the language as an adjective.
		Some of these irregular participles are still in the language: 'take', participle 'taken', 'eat', participle 'eaten', 'drive', participle 'driven', and quite a few others.
	www.buber.net /Basque/Euskara/Larry/note_2.html (728 words)

	Spanish Grammar: past participle
		The past participle will be important in future lessons covering the perfect tenses.
		To form the past participle, simply drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add -ado (for -ar verbs) or -ido (for -er, -ir verbs).
		The past participle can be combined with the verb "ser" to express the passive voice.
	www.studyspanish.com /lessons/pastpart.htm (192 words)

	LILT:Participle (German) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The past participle is used in combination with ‘haben’ and ‘sein’ to form past tenses but the present participle is NOT used in combination with ‘sein’ to form the present tense.
		In the case of separable verbs, the ge- is placed between the separable prefix and the verb, e.g.
		The position of the past participle in compound tenses is normally at the end of the clause or sentence, e.g.
	www2.arts.gla.ac.uk /SESLL/EngLang/LILT/participleger.htm (390 words)

	French Grammar - Past Participle
		A past participle is part of a conjugated verb, either in a compound tense or in the passive voice, or an adjective.
		When a past participle is used as an adjective, it obeys the rules of the agreement of adjectives.
		In the case of a reflexive verb, the past participle agrees if the reflexive pronoun is used as a direct object.
	www.frenchcoursebyfrenchteacher.com /french-grammar/pastparticiple.html (489 words)

	Participle - definition from Biology-Online.org
		A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived.
		Past participles, called also perfect, or complete, participles, for the most part end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n.
		A participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called an adjective, or a participial adjective; as, a written constitution; a rolling stone; the exhausted army.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Participle (257 words)

	Present Participle
		The present participle is an easy thing to know and remember.
		The reason that estar is so important to learn is that it is necessary to express the participle both in the present and the past.
		So the way to say I am talking is to use the conjugated form of estar (estoy, in this case) and then slap the participle on the end of the sentence to make it whole.
	www.angelfire.com /sc/espanol/presentParticiple.html (321 words)

	vpp1: present participle
		The present participle is formed by dropping the -ons ending from the nous form in the present tense and adding -ant.
		The present participle can be used to modify a noun, similar in meaning to either a relative clause with qui + conjugated verb or a relative clause with puisque.
		En + present participle, commonly known as the gerund form, is used to indicate that two actions are simultaneously performed by the same subject.
	www.laits.utexas.edu /tex/gr/vpp1.html (339 words)

	Accord
		For a number of French verbs, the past participle agrees with the subject of the sentence: aller, venir, arriver, entrer,
		In the passive voice, the past participle of the verb being used passively agrees with the subject of the sentence.
		The past participle does not agree with the subject.
	lilt.ilstu.edu /jhreid/grammar/accords.htm (297 words)

	Participle and Participial Phrase - Definitions
		A participle is a verb used as an adjective.
		The past participle has the past form of the verb which would go with the verb have and would usually end in -ed.
		A participial phrase is the participle plus any complements and modifiers of the participle and complements.
	englishplus.com /grammar/00000075.htm (61 words)

	The Last Word in a Verb Phrase Must Be a Participle
		The principal parts of a verb are given in dictionaries, and the principal parts of the most common irregular verbs are provided as a separate list in many dictionaries and also in most usage handbooks.
		The improper use of the past tense rather than the past participle as the main verb in a verb phrase is considered to be a sign of particular ignorance, and therefore it is one that you should learn never to commit.
		Never use the simple past tense rather than the past participle as the main verb in a verb phrase (i.e., the last verb in the phrase).
	www.grammartips.homestead.com /pastparticiples.html (475 words)

	Master the Latin Participles
		Therefore, given the four principal parts, you have what you need to get the present participle, which suggests the future passive one; and you have the fourth principal part, which usually presents you with the perfect (also called the past) participle, which in turn suggests the future active participle.
		These present participles from deponents are active in form and active in meaning.
		The endings of participles must change to agree with the gender, number, and case of the nouns or pronouns that they modify.
	www.slu.edu /colleges/AS/languages/classical/latin/tchmat/grammar/whprax/w23ppl-f.html (521 words)

	Participle Phrases
		Participle phrases are often useful for getting rid of weenie "to be" verbs.
		Sometimes participle phrases are essential and sometimes they are non-essential.
		The participle phrase is actually describing something or someone that is not even mentioned in the sentence—"He" or whoever was running.
	www.siskiyous.edu /class/engl52/reynoldss/n_participles.htm (564 words)

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