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Topic: Particle detector

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In experimental and applied particle physics, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify high-energy particles, such as produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator.
		The term "counter" is often used instead of detector, when the detector counts the particles but does not resolve its energy or ionization.
		Many of the detectors invented and used so far may are ionization detectors (of which gaseous ionization detectors and semiconductor detectors are most typical) and scintillation detectors; but other, completely different principles have also been applied, like Cherenkov light and transition radiation.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=particle_detector (274 words)

	particle detector - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		PARTICLE DETECTOR [particle detector] in physics, device for detecting, measuring, and analyzing particles and other forms of radiation entering it.
		Such devices play an important role not only in basic research, as in the study of elementary particles, but also in numerous applications of physics, from uses of radioactive tracers in medicine and biology to prospecting for natural ores that exhibit radioactivity.
		Typical of these small detectors are pocket-size ionization chambers that resemble fountain pens and film detectors, embedded in badges, that register the amount of radiation by the degree of exposure of the film.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-partdect.html (464 words)

	BaBar Workbook: The BaBar Detector
		Particles from the collision pass through and interact with each subdetector, and the results are recorded.
		Absorption of the particle generates showers of new particles, and the energy and momentum of the original particle is distributed among the shower particles.
		The detector is rotated 20mr relative to the beam direction (around the y-axis) to minimize the resulting orbit distortions.
	www.slac.stanford.edu /BFROOT/www/doc/workbook/detector/detector.html (1911 words)

	Detector Particle - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Detector, Particle, instrument that detects and, in many cases, makes visible the tracks of subatomic particles.
		Particle Detectors, instruments used to detect and study fundamental subatomic particles (see Atom; Nuclear Energy).
		Detection and analysis of elementary particles were first accomplished through the ability of these particles to affect photographic emulsions and to...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Detector_Particle.html (111 words)

	Glossary : SLAC Virtual Visitor Center
		Gluons are carrier particles for strong interactions (color force fields), photons are carrier particles of electromagnetic interactions, and the W and Z bosons are carrier particles for weak interactions.
		The particles in the jet are chiefly hadrons.
		For fundamental particles spin is an intrinsic and inherently quantum property, it cannot be understood in terms of motions internal to the object.
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /vvc/glossary.html (5645 words)

	Sub-micron particle detector - Patent 4053776
		The detector of claim 1 wherein said means for limiting the transmission of radioactive particles comprises a thin layer of material which encases the radioactive material and is at least several hundred times denser than the gas being pumped through the housing.
		The detector of claim 1 wherein said formed region of primary ionization is generally cylindrical in shape around the inner electrode and has a volume less than one tenth that of the unipolar region formed between the inner electrode and outer electrode of the charging chamber.
		The detector of claim 7 also including voltage varying means for changing the potential difference between the two size discrimination chamber electrodes whereby progressively larger sized submicron particles are retained in the chamber as the difference becomes greater.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4053776.html (3339 words)

	Radial diffusion of geomagnetically trapped protons observed by the Galileo Energetic Particle Detector
		Radial diffusion of geomagnetically trapped protons observed by the Galileo Energetic Particle Detector
		The phase space density (PSD) was calculated from the fitted count rate for the particles (protons) that conserve the first and second adiabatic invariants.
		Citation: Alinejad, N., and T. Armstrong (2006), Radial diffusion of geomagnetically trapped protons observed by the Galileo Energetic Particle Detector, J.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2006/2005JA011040.shtml (350 words)

	The Detector
		The energy the particle deposits in the hadronic calorimeter is shown in the picture as the purple rectangle and crosses.
		However, the particle in the picture passes through the hadronic calorimeter and into the outermost detectors, which are called the "muon chambers".
		The signals the particle produces in the muon chambers are shown as the yellow crosses and the red arrow.
	www.hep.man.ac.uk /u/events/detector.html (720 words)

	particle detector
		One of a number of instruments designed to detect subatomic particles and track their paths; they include the cloud chamber, bubble chamber, spark chamber, and multiwire chamber.
		The earliest particle detector was the cloud chamber, which contains a super-saturated vapour in which particles leave a trail of droplets, in much the same way that a jet aircraft leaves a trail of vapour in the sky.
		Multiwire detectors can be used to detect X-rays and gamma rays, and are used as detectors in positron emission tomography (PET).
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0038529.html (349 words)

	Energetic Particle Detector (EPD)
		Energetic particle charges are so intense in this region that careful design is required to protect the spacecraft against radiation damage, a particular concern for Galileo which must operate in this environment for its 22-month prime mission.
		The Sun (solar wind and energetic particles) is the most likely candidate for the helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon, and iron seen in the outer magnetosphere.
		Thus, obtaining a long history of the Jovian energetic particle population is crucial to beginning a study of the dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere.
	www2.jpl.nasa.gov /galileo/messenger/oldmess/EPD.html (889 words)

	HYBALL Charged-Particle Detector System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Construction of a small, Hybrid-4-pi (HYBALL) array of charged-particle detectors to operate as an inner ball inside the CLARION array of clover Ge detectors, is in progress.
		The detector consists of a 95-element CsI(Tl) array mounted in 9 concentric rings shown in Fig.
		In the second phase, 79 of the CsI detectors will be used to cover angles greater than 25 degrees and will be complemented, without loss of efficiency, with large-area, segmented, silicon microstrip detectors in the forward direction.
	www.phy.ornl.gov /hribf/research/equipment/hyball (451 words)

	Tiny details crucial for building particle detector prototype (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The CMU team is building a prototype for a particle detector that is expected to be installed at the Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Va., by the end of the decade.
		These particles, called exotic mesons, could include species that contain none of the elementary particles called quarks that make up protons, electrons and garden-variety mesons, but that are comprised entirely of gluons, the force-carrying particles that normally hold quarks together.
		Most particle physics experiments are so large and run so long that few students get a chance to see them come together; many earn doctoral degrees without getting their hands on the hardware, he noted.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04166/331418.stm (1004 words)

	Particle detector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In experimental particle physics, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to track and identify high-energy particles, such as produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator.
		The term "counter" is often used instead of detector, when the detector counts the particles but does not resolve its energy or ionization.
		If their main purpose is radiation measurement, they are called radiation detector, but as photons can also be seen as (massless) particles, the term particle detector is still correct.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Particle_detector (198 words)

	Detectors : SLAC Virtual Visitor Center
		However, for a particle moving close to the speed of light any small uncertainty in momentum or energy makes it difficult to determine its mass from these two, so we need to measure speed too.
		The middle layer, the Cerenkov detector, measures particle velocity.
		The BaBar detector was built specifically for the B Factory project.
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /vvc/detectors.html (370 words)

	Summer 1998 - Building a Massive Particle Detector
		The LHC is designed to whirl elementary particles such as protons (a group collectively known as hadrons) around a 16-mile-circumference ring.
		University of Washington faculty and students are building an apparatus for one of the massive, cylinder-shaped particle detectors.
		The muon detector consists largely of aluminum tubes--370,000 of them--each with a hair-thin gold-plated tungsten wire at the center.
	www.artsci.washington.edu /Newsletter/Summer98/particle.html (518 words)

	AllRefer.com - particle detector Information
		One of a number of instruments designed to detect subatomic particles and track their paths; they include the cloud chamber, bubble chamber, spark chamber, and multiwire chamber.
		The earliest particle detector to reveal the paths of particles was the cloud chamber, which contains a super-saturated vapour in which particles leave a trail of droplets, in much the same way that a jet aircraft leaves a trail of vapour in the sky.
		Multiwire detectors can be used to detect X-rays and gamma rays, and are used as detectors in positron emission tomography (PET).
	www.allrefer.com /particle-detector (255 words)

	UVic knowlEdge - Particle detector
		With these devices, and the larger project of which they are a part, Lefebvre and his particle physicist colleagues hope to discover such secrets of the universe as why things have mass.
		The whole universe is filled with this field, the theory goes, and particles interact with the field to gain their mass.
		One component of the UVic feedthrough project may soon be used in the development of a medical physics particle detector.
	communications.uvic.ca /edge/lefebvre.html (836 words)

	amot metal particle detector
		The AMOT Metal Particle Detector Switch is, without a doubt, one of the most logical ways of continually sampling lube oil for metal particles.
		The AMOT metal particle detector is a true planned preventative maintenance tool that alerts operators to problems before they become catastrophic.
		The AMOT Metal Particle Detectors are ideally suited for Gas and Diesel Engines, Compressors, Gas Turbines, Steam Turbines, Pumps, Transmissions and Gear Boxes.
	www.mckenziecorp.com /metal_particle.htm (203 words)

	trace-particle detector
		The trace-particle detector is based on the principals of ion mobility spectrometry.
		The particles are collected by either vacuuming or wiping surfaces with a specially treated filter or cloth and inserting them into the detector for analysis.
		Trace-particle detectors are in operation at airports, seaports, cargo and postal facilities throughout Australia.
	www.customs.gov.au /site/page.cfm?u=4313 (108 words)

	CleanRooms - Surface particle detector
		This invention relates to particle counting for cleanroom applications, and relates more particularly to an improved device for moving particles off of a surface and into a particle counter and a filter for the purpose of ascertaining contamination levels.
		The particle counter includes a pump for producing an air stream flowing from the scanner opening, through the particle counter, and back to the scanner for carrying the particles to the particle counter for quantitation.
		The main detector components include a particle counter assembly (not shown), a housing (B) surrounding the particle counter assembly, a scanner probe (C), and conduit (D) connected between the particle counter assembly and probe.
	cr.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?ARTICLE_ID=266669 (362 words)

	New Particle Detector Helps Probe The First Matter In The Primordial Universe
		A number of the particle detectors installed for the original PHENIX experiment were designed and built by Prof.
		These detectors are capable of providing three-dimensional information on the precise location of the particles ejected from the collision area.
		The new detectors are now in the construction phase, and Tserruya hopes to install them in time for the new experiments next year.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/physics-05r.html (686 words)

	Particle Physics Education Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Particle Adventure - an interactive tour of particle physics for everyone: the basics of theory and experiment.
		Probing Particles - a comprehensive and straight-forward introduction to particle physics.
		Particle Physics Activities - a set of seven, each with a worksheet and description and teacher info.
	particleadventure.org /particleadventure/other/othersites.html (1133 words)

	Electron Bubble Particle Detector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For many years Neutrino Physics and Particle Detectors have been a major part of Nevis Research Program.
		More than thirty years ago it was learned that the stable state of an electron in liquid helium is a bubble of about 2 nanometer in diameter, with nothing but the electron inside.
		Education and training were a major emphasis of the program, with high school students, undergraduates and high school QuarkNet teachers working alongside Nevis scientists and technicians to determine the critical physics and technology issues, and to develop a conceptual design for a liquid helium solar neutrino detector.
	www.nevis.columbia.edu /~ebubble (235 words)

	CLEO II Crystal Calorimeter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Charged particles entering the detector ionize atoms in the scintillator, which deexcite by emitting light.
		High energy photons are detected by the showers of secondary charged particles they emit in the detector.
		Four silicon photodiodes mounted on a lucite window on the rear face of each crystal convert the scintillation light into electrical signals which are then shaped, amplified, digitized and analyzed by computer.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /public/lab-info/cc.html (150 words)

	PHY311/312 Nuclear and Particle Detectors
		Course Aims: To provide an introduction to the physics behind particle detectors, the utilisation of that physics in practical instruments and the applications of detectors in experimental apparatus.
		One question (from a choice of two) may be answered from the section of the paper on Nuclear and Particle Detectors.
		Detectors for Nuclear and Particle Physics - Syllabus
	www.shef.ac.uk /uni/academic/N-Q/phys/teaching/phy311 (458 words)

	Particle - The Particle Detector BriefBook
		Welcome to the Particle Physics Department at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, The Particle Physics Department (PPD) at RAL is responsible for
		Dubbed the "God particle" by Nobel Prize-winning physicist Leon Lederman, Results indicated that the Higgs particle was too heavy to be detected by the
		Particle physics is the study of the basic elements of matter and the forcesacting among them.
	listwide.com /lswd/particle.html (197 words)

	Search for Rare Particle Decay Comes Up Short
		The B particle, for example, is a member of a class of composite particles known as “mesons,” which consist of one quark — the “building block” of all other particles — and one antiquark.
		The detector is positioned around one section of a very large particle accelerator, where a beam of electrons and a beam of anti-electrons — i.e.
		These particles pass into the BABAR detector, which records their trajectories, energies, and electric charge.
	www.physorg.com /news73669760.html (571 words)

	McGraw-Hill AccessScience: Particle detector
		device used to detect and measure radiation characteristically emitted in nuclear processes, including gamma rays or x-rays, lightweight charged particles (electrons or positrons), nuclear constituents (neutrons, protons, and heavier ions), and subnuclear constituents such as mesons.
		The device is also known as a radiation detector.
		Since human senses do not respond to these types of radiation, detectors are essential tools for the discovery of radioactive minerals, for all studies of the structure of matter at the atomic, nuclear, and subnuclear levels, and for protection from the effects of radiation.
	www.accessscience.com /Encyclopedia/4/49/Est_491200_frameset.html (188 words)

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