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June 28

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	Purges of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although this term is mostly associated with Stalinism, the first purge of the Stalin era was performed only in 1929–1930 according to the resolution of the XVI Party Conference.
		The next systematic Party purge in the Soviet Union was declared in December 1932 to be performed turing 1933.
		But from 1936 onwards, during the Great Purge, the term changed its meaning, because being expelled from the Party came to mean almost certain arrest, imprisonment or even execution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CPSU_purges (398 words)

	Encyclopedia: Stalin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1912 Stalin was co-opted to the Bolshevik Central Committee at the Prague Party Conference.
		In April 1917, Stalin was elected to the Central Committee with the third highest vote total in the party and was subsequently elected to the Politburo of the Central Committee (May 1917); he held this position for the remainder of his life.
		Some argue that one of the motivations of the purge was the feeling that the party needed to be unified in the face of anticipated conflict with Nazi Germany; others believe that it was motivated only by Stalin's desire to consolidate his own power.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Stalin (10472 words)

	Great Purge
		The Great Purge was a period of mass repression in the Soviet Union in the late 1930s, during which the Communist Party leadership under Joseph Stalin used execution and mass imprisonment to eliminate existing and potential political opposition among its members.
		The term purge in Soviet political slang was an abbreviation of the expression purge of the Party ranks, the Party being, of course, the Communist Party.
		For a party functionary it meant being delisted from the nomenklatura, and the loss of numerous perks.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/g/gr/great_purge.html (760 words)

	ipedia.com: Communist Party of the Soviet Union Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This was both an attempt to "proletarianize" the party and an attempt by Stalin to strengthen his base by outnumbering the Old Bolsheviks and reducing their influence in the party.
		Malenkov also became First Secretary of the Party (as the position of General Secretary was now known) but had to relinquish that position and leave the party Secretariat on March 14, 1953 in the name of collective leadership due to the dissatisfaction of others in the leadership with Malenkov's assumption of both leadership roles.
		At the Twenty-Seventy Party Congress in 1986, Boris Yeltsin became a candidate member of the Politburo and offended party members in a speech that attacked the hidden privileges of the party elite.
	www.ipedia.com /communist_party_of_the_soviet_union.html (4361 words)

	January 25, 1969 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is necessary for the Black Panther Party, which is a People's Party, to purge members within the Party to rid ourselves of opportunism, the petty-bourgeoisie desires.
		Purging is a process which must be used, as "defined," as a cleansing process.
		In view of what has happened in the past, it was very clear that it was necessary to purge those who by their very overt actions try to destroy the Party and the Party's image.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/bpp/bpp250169.htm (352 words)

	Purge (communist) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Purge, in Communist Party political slang, is an abbreviation of the expression purge of the Party ranks.
		The first major Communist Party purge in the Soviet Union was performed as early as in 1921.
		The first purge of Stalin era was performed in 1929-1930 according to the resolution of the XVI Party Conference.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/p/purge-(communist).htm (377 words)

	The Cuban Communist Party's Anti-Castro Activities
		The party was officially founded in August of 1925 by Julio Antonio Mella, a student leader, Carlos Balino, an associate of Cuban liberator Jose Marti, and Fabio Grobart, a Jewish tailor who ironically had escaped from Communist pogroms in his native Poland three years earlier.
		That was the foremost dilemma in the Party's concerns, for 1952 had seen steady erosion in the Party's influence upon Cuban politics, highlighted by the loss of control of the Cuban unions.
		Although the purges of 1966 were not specifically aimed at the "old" Communists, their execution continued to reflect Castro's dominance of all the reigns of government.
	members.tripod.com /~Campello/castro.html (7187 words)

	Guardian \| Howard must purge the party of Thatcher's legacy
		Today the party is smaller and less influential than at any time since the mid-19th century, when Disraeli brilliantly improvised the recovery from the Peelite split.
		By 1950, he was revelling in the decision of the Tory party conference to set a target of building at least 300,000 new houses a year, a target he fulfilled as housing minister after 1951.
		They think of themselves as the party of the home owner, yet they reject any role for the state in providing the housing from which hundreds of thousands of young families are nowadays priced out.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4791090-103677,00.html (1082 words)

	The Purge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Riutin circulated in party circles a 200-page anti-Stalin document demanding the abandonment of forced collectivization, the reduction of investment in industry, and the removal of Stalin, "the grave digger of the Revolution and of Russia," from his post at the head of the party, Stalin failed in his efforts to have Riutin shot.
		At the Seventeenth Party Congress early in 1934, party members forgot many of their previous differences and united in extravagant praise of Stalin's leadership; but a majority of those present endorsed Ordzhonikidze's proposal that the party should scale down the rate of economic growth projected for the Second Five Year Plan.
		Their execution marked the beginning of all general purge of the army that was to eliminate 3 of the 5 marshals, 14 of the 16 army commanders, and approximately half of the 70 to 80,000 men in the entire officer corps.
	mars.acnet.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/ww2/lectures/purge.html (2595 words)

	Regularly purge the Party
		The Party structures, the control mechanisms and the actual control of the central leadership were so lacking that it was not even possible to plan and to effect a verification campaign.
		What is more, they do not study the party workers, do not know how they are coming along and how they are developing, do not know their cadres at all....
		In this document, Stalin and the rest of the leadership deal with the correct means for purging the Party of undesirable elements who infiltrated the base.
	www.plp.org /books/Stalin/node83.html (594 words)

	Falun Gong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sources said that the purge, which aimed at eliminating any influence of the sect within the Party before October 1, the 50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China, consists of three stages.
		The Party leadership was reportedly furious by the fact that Falungong had infiltrated at the very high level within the Party.
		Political analysts said the crackdown of the semi-religious sect had evolved to a full-scale Party purge, conducted in a "cultural revolution" style mass movement.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55/056.html (592 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The massive normalization purge in the Czech Lands and the subsequent radicalization of the Czech intelligentsia, correspond to the path of repression and dissent identified by this theory.
		Their vision of the extent of the purges was, thus, likely to be tainted by the social circles in which they moved, and also by the ideological interest to present their plight as common to (civil) society in general.
		The over-representation of these categories among the purged is partially due to the fact that they are somewhat older than the general population, even than that portion of the general population which was over 18 in 1967.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /soc/groups/ccsa/eyal.htm (11511 words)

	Purging the Party
		To achieve such an improvement, the Party must be purged of those who have lost touch with the masses (let alone, of course, those who discredit the Party in the eyes of the masses).
		It will make the Party a much stronger vanguard of the class than it was before; it will make it a vanguard that is more strongly bound up with the class, more capable of leading it to victory amidst a mass of difficulties and dangers.
		The purge was undertaken in the second half of 1921 on the basis of the Tenth R.C.P.(B.) Congress resolution "On Problems of Party Development".
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/PTP21.html (1037 words)

	The Scotsman - Top Stories - Tory demands party purge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The former MSP also calls for a leadership contest to "challenge the current deadwood" in senior posts within the Scottish Tories and "dispel the aura of stagnation and cronyism that disgusts the public and attracts the scorn of serious political commentators".
		Mr Johnston’s comments were rejected last night by senior Tories as "the rantings of a failed MSP" but senior party insiders admitted that he had touched on the frustrations felt by many in the Scottish party.
		One source said: "There is, within the party at a grassroots level, a certain frustration that the current group of MSPs has not made the impression that they hoped they would.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=954192002 (374 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		But for that, the new leader of the junior coalition partners said the government balances have to be readjusted since the party supporters were not happy with the present state of affairs and the CHP had had to pay the price over the past four years.
		But it is also not and will not be a party of unlimited concessions." He said the party had reached the limit of its sacrifices over the past four years of coalition partnership and the reestablishment of an "honorable and productive balance" was essential.
		Despite the calls of unity, the party's left wing which was left in disarray after it could not persuade either Professor Mumtaz Soysal, a headstrong former foreign minister or Zulfu Livaneli, a popular composer and folksinger, to challenge Baykal's strong bid for power.
	www.b-info.com /places/Turkey/news/95-09/sep11.tdn (1629 words)

	The Namibian \| Africa News \| Zambian students stand up to Chiluba
		Chiluba is due to address his governing Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) members on Wednesday at the close of the party convention where the party constitution was amended to allow him to seek a third term as party president.
		Chiluba was re-elected party leader at the convention, which was boycotted by several senior party officials and ministers opposed to his bid.
		A purge of party dissidents would boost Chiluba's efforts to strip Zambia's constitution of its two-term presidential limit because the 60-odd MMD lawmakers who have vowed to vote against amending the constitution would lose their seats in parliament if they lost their party membership.
	www.namibian.com.na /2001/May/africa/01E9A9AEE3.html (450 words)

	Repression and Terror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Nevertheless, he proceeded to purge the party rank and file and to terrorize the entire country with widespread arrests and executions.
		Kirov was a full member of the ruling Politburo, leader of the Leningrad party apparatus, and an influential member of the ruling elite.
		Over the next four-and-a-half years, millions of innocent party members and others were arrested -- many of them for complicity in the vast plot that supposedly lay behind the killing of Kirov.
	www.ibiblio.org /expo/soviet.exhibit/repress.html (547 words)

	Document 50
		See my reports on the party organization of the for[mer] Eastern Secretariat of December 1934 and of the general party meeting of 28/XII-34 (there is a verbatim report), where Magyar was exposed and expelled from the party.
		Beginning in spring 1937 and in 1938, the party committee and the party organization began to actively verify their ranks and purge them of enemies of the people.
		In 1933, he was expelled from the VKP as the one “not yet tested by the party and who have not proved his loyalty to the party.” In 1935, he was arrested and spent 21 years in prison.
	www.yale.edu /annals/Chase/Documents/doc50chapt6.htm (1951 words)

	VIETNAM, NEWS ANALYSIS, MAY 21, 1999
		Dong warned party members that corruption and abuse of powers would be serious threats to the existence of the VCP.
		But he contended that the most dangerous threat to the survival of the party could be "opportunism" and its consequence, which is rightism.
		There is only one certainty, that is the campaign will lead to brutal purge of party members who are against the current leadership.
	www.vietquoc.com /may22-99.htm (925 words)

	Victims of Communist Party purge seek justice, closure - Dec. 26, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Within the party, hundreds of men and women who had dedicated their lives to what they believed was a noble cause, were suspected of being government spies, tortured and killed in secret camps.
		Alleyne, Sol and Karlo are among the children who lost a parent in the bloody purges that swept the country's underground communist movement between 1982 and 1989.
		The campaign of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) against suspected deep-penetration agents of the Armed Forces killed at least a thousand of its cadres, fighters, and trade union, community and youth organizers, plus non-party members, including peasants and church workers.
	www.inq7.net /nat/2003/dec/26/nat_2-1.htm (590 words)

	Lenin: Comments on the Draft Resolution for the Eleventh Conference of the R.C.P.(B.) on the Party Purge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Eleventh Conference of the R.C.P.(B.) on the Party Purge
		I would have nothing whatever against admission into the Party being made easier for genuine workers, but unless very strict conditions are laid down for determining who is to be considered a worker of large industry, we shall immediately find a mass of riff-raff crawling through the hole again.
		[1] Lenin’s remarks on the draft resolution for the Eleventh Conference of the R.C.P.(B.) on the Party purge were taken into consideration by the drafting committee.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1921/dec/22b.htm (351 words)

	The Good of the Party: It's Time For Libertarians to Minimise the Damage Done to Their Party [Free Republic]
		If the party is to maintain its self-respect, it must discover the identities of all who were party to the conspiracy and take appropriate action, both for the sake of justice and to avoid setting a bad precedent that this sort of behavior will be tolerated so long as membership and fundraising grow.
		The Libertarian Party is the party of principle.
		It is, as I recall, clear enough in the party rules that party officials may not labour on behalf of, and the party itself cannot formally endorse, any presidential candidate until after the primaries where relevant and the national nominating convention.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b67223e30bc.htm (5845 words)

	Lenin: Proposals on a Check-Up and Purge of the R.C.P.(B.) Membership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The chief group responsible for registration should be made up of old Party members (not less than 5-7 years in the Party), necessarily workers.
		All members of the R.C.P. who are in any way dubious, unreliable, or who have failed to prove their stability, should be removed from the Party, with the right of re-admission upon further verification and test.
		Formalities should be reduced to a minimum in the case a of real workers, actually working at their factory, and in the case of peasants engaged on their allotments; such people should not be troubled with reregistration.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1921/jun/21.htm (354 words)

	Purge Crown Entities of party hacks - Green Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Green Party has urged the Labour-Alliance government to steer clear of appointing party hacks to Government bodies.
		The call has come from Green Party co-leader Rod Donald, who first exposed that all five appointed Lotteries Commission board members were current or former National Party officials.
		"The Green Party is not opposed to political party members being appointed to government bodies but they must first and foremost be there because of their relevant skills and expertise.
	www.greens.org.nz /searchdocs/PR4190.html (308 words)

	General News of Wednesday, 21 April 1999
		Mr Owusu Banahene, former Chairman of Old-Tafo Suame branch of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) has urged President Jerry John Rawlings to wage a relentless war to purge the party of all corrupt elements.
		The corruption "canker" has engulfed the party structure in Kumasi, particularly at the Metropolitan assembly, he said, and called on the President to redeem the image of the party and the government.
		He advised the party's leadership to take a cue from other countries' past and present political phenomena, and stem the embarrassment that is caused by both serving and past officers, who are dragged to court to account for their stewardship.
	www.ghanaweb.com /GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=6696 (266 words)

	DIRELAND: A SUICIDAL PURGE BY FRANCE'S SOCIALISTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		France's Socialist Party -- under the heavy lash of its presidentially ambitious but colorless leader, Francois Hollande (photo left) -- today purged the party leadership of those who supported the victorious campaign for the No against adoption of the proposed European Constitution last Sunday.
		Taken together, the purge of the Socialists' No supporters and Hollande's aggressive attempt to weaken and destroy ATTAC will be perceived as a slap in the face by many in that majority of the Socialist electorate who voted No on the Constitution.
		Regardless of which of the Socialist Party's "elephants" (as the old guard leadership of Hollande, Strauss-Kahn, and Lang are referred to) emerges as the party's '07 presidential candidate, without the quasi-unanimous support of last Sunday's left-wing No voters, that candidate will be doomed to defeat.
	direland.typepad.com /direland/2005/06/_suicidal_purge.html (1622 words)

	"The Roosevelt Purge in Texas"
		The impression is of a president aggressively seeking to eliminate his enemies in Texas, assure the renomination of his supporters, and thereby remake the Democratic party in the Lone Star state.
		As evidenced by the preceding review, Texas was not an important battleground in Franklin Roosevelt’s effort to purge the Democratic party in the summer of 1938.
		Whatever the reasons, he carefully navigated the political minefield in front of him and focused his efforts to purge the party elsewhere.
	www.austin.cc.tx.us /lpatrick/his2341/West_Texas_Swing.html (4249 words)

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