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Topic: Parvaneh Forouhar

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	Women's Day - Parvaneh Forouhar
		Parvaneh, in particular, was a vocal proponent of freedom of expression.
		In spite of the harassment, the Forouhars were among a small number of opposition activists who chose to remain in Iran while continuing to criticize government policies.
		Parvaneh once remarked about the acute sense insecurity that accompanied their work, saying that at the end of every day they thanked God for granting them another day to live.
	www.pen.org /freedom/parvaneh.htm (681 words)

	Dariush Forouhar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dariush Forouhar (1928-1998) was the leader of the Hezb-e Mellat-e Iran (Nation of Iran Party), a pan-Iranist opposition party in Iran which he founded in 1951.
		He and his wife, Parvaneh Eskandari Forouhar, were assassinated in their home in 1998.
		There has been speculation from supporters of the Forouhars (as well as from critics of the Islamic Republic) that the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence was involved and ordered the killings [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dariush_Forouhar (215 words)

	Political killings in Iran
		Forouhar was the leader of Hezb-e Mellat Iran, a long-established political party in Iran, and a follower of Mosaddegh.
		Forouhar was the first political leader inside the country to respond positively to the call made by Iranian Human Rights Working Group for the abolition of the death penalty in Iran.
		Forouhar also means that he has asked in advance that his and his wife killers not to be executed.
	farrid.20m.com /fi.html (1180 words)

	Forouhar's Immortality
		Four years have passed, four years since the day that the agents of darkness and ignorance savagely murdered Darush and Parvaneh Forouhar (www.forouharha.com) in the sacred sanctuary of their house.
		Forouhars, the founding members of HEZBE MELATE IRAN (Nation Party of Iran) were arguably the most outspoken domestic critics of the Islamic Republic and openly called for a secular democracy.
		Darush Forouhar was a member of the provincial government of P.M. Bazargan, but quickly rebelled against the expanding powers of the Islamists and their values.
	www.payvand.com /news/02/nov/1088.html (315 words)

	Parastou Forouhar
		Parastou Forouhar was born 1962 in Tehran, where from 1984 to 1990, she pursued art studies at university.
		In September 1998, the parents of the artist, the well-known political dissidents Parvaneh and Dariush Forouhar, were murdered in Tehran.
		This work in progress documents Parastou Forouhar's futile efforts to obtain information on the people behind the murder, and pays an active tribute to her parents' commemoration.
	www.universes-in-universe.de /islam/eng/2003/02/forouhar/index.html (277 words)

	db artmag - all the news on Deutsche Bank Art // alle Infos über die Kunstaktivitäten der Deutschen Bank
		The artist Parastou Forouhar, who was born in Iran, has been fighting for years to shed light on the circumstances surrounding her parents' murders.
		Iran's history, however, pursued her, ultimately leading to tragedy: on November 22, she received the news that her parents, the regime-critical politicians Darjush Forouhar and Parvaneh Eskanderi, had been murdered in their apartment; a serious effort to find their killers never occurred.
		Even while Forouhar continually attacks the political intrigues in Iran, she still seeks the formal language for her artistic work in the present-day culture of her home country.
	www.deutsche-bank-kunst.com /art/2004/3/e/3/209.php (659 words)

	American RadioWorks - My Name Is Iran
		Dariush Forouhar was the Minister of Labor in the clerical Provisional Government of 1979.
		When the activists Dariush and Parvaneh Forouhar were murdered in their home that same year, Ebadi took on their case.
		She was allegedly responsible for circulating the taped confession that forced the Ministry of Intelligence to acknowledge its involvement in the crime.
	americanradioworks.publicradio.org /features/iran/htmlversion/cast.html (1249 words)

	THE REGIME IS NOW MENACED BY ITS OWN FATHER, THE FEDA'IYAN ESLAM
		Dariush and Parvaneh were stabbed to death with 15 strokes of dagger, by still unidentified but professional killers that left their "trade mark" by cutting the head of Mr.
		The petition, bearing a dramatic picture of Miss Parastou and Mr Arash, the daughter and the son of the murdered couple, both of them living in Germany and who returned to their native Iran to take part in the funeral and mourning ceremonies held for their parents was published in the pro-government daily "Etela'at".
		Parvaneh Eskandari-Forouhar and ask for her expression of condemnation and outrage against this extra-judicial execution.
	www.iran-press-service.com /articles/4dariush_parvaneh.html (1845 words)

	Human Rights Watch Deplores Pattern of Harassment and Killing of Opposition Figures in Iran (Human Rights Watch, ...
		The Forouhars frequently protested the restrictions placed on their nonviolent political activities by the Iranian authorities and had expressed fear about their personal safety.
		Forouhar was the leader of the banned Iran Nation Party and a former minister of labor in the transitional government of Mehdi Bazargan.
		Forouhar's wife, Parvaneh Forouhar (Eskandari), was a political activist and spokesperson of the Iran Nation Party.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/press98/nov/iran1125.htm (336 words)

	Intervista al dissidente iraniano Khosrow Seyf : Italy imc
		Parvaneh who had been very ill at the time was upstairs in her room, on the floor.
		Forouhar had asked Dr. Sepehri to stay for dinner but seeing that Parvaneh was ill, he decided to leave.
		The Forouhars had a small dog which was taken to a room and locked up.
	italy.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=710632 (2880 words)

	Dick Russell - Editorials by Homero Aridjis
		In 1998, The Iranian poet Parvaneh Forouhar and her husband Dariush were murdered in their house.
		Parvaneh was a critic of the oppression of women by the clerics, and a defender of freedom of expression.
		Parvaneh once remarked: "at the end of every day we thank God for having allowed us to live one day more." After the wave of killings of intellectuals and dissidents in Iran in1998, 18 members of the military intelligence service were prosecuted, and 5 were sentenced to life imprisonment.
	www.dickrussell.org /articles/homero41.htm (900 words)

	Granta: 'Tehran Spring' by Christopher de Bellaigue
		But that, of course, was thirty or forty years ago, when it was glamorous to live in the lee of the smart European embassies, when being nice to foreigners was part of the Shah’s plans to attract inward investment, and part of his cronies’ plans to get rich.
		Parvaneh Forouhar’s Renault 5 had been parked in the driveway.
		Parvaneh was the sort that would have raised hell to win justice for her dead husband.
	www.granta.com /extracts/1324 (1476 words)

	Perhaps Another Day - Parvaneh Forouhar’s Selected Poems
		Parvaneh was a woman in love with her husband and appreciated and welcomed whatever he did.
		And that is why our lady of poetry and politics wearing the gentle soft robe of verse, must have feared to say something out of a sudden burst of anger or fear of loosing her beloved that could shake or weaken the feet of her husband in walking on the road of politics.
		In the introduction of her book, Simin Behbahani, the contemporary poet, Ali Dehbashi, the scholar and Parasto Forouhar, the daughter of the lady of poetry and politics have said all that needed to be said.
	www.payvand.com /news/01/jun/1008.html (580 words)

	An Open Letter to Iranian President (November 25,1998)
		Forouhar, who was the leader of the banned Iran Nation Party, and a former minister of labor in the transitional government of Mehdi Bazargan, was also a former political prisoner under the Shah and after the Islamic Revolution in 1979.
		Forouhar's wife, Parvaneh Forouhar (Eskandari), was an outspoken teacher, a political activist, and spokesperson of the Iran Nation Party.
		Since coming to power on a platform of upholding basic freedoms and respecting the rule of law, your government has publicly encouraged greater freedom of expression but has repeatedly failed to protect the holders of dissident views from flagrant violations of their rights and has not brought to justice those responsible for these actions.
	www.hrw.org /press98/nov/iran-ltr.htm (1015 words)

	American RadioWorks - My Name Is Iran
		On November 22, 1998 they were brutally murdered by agents of the Islamic Republic of Iran," says Parastou Forouhar, an outspoken critic of Iran's judicial system.
		A tall elegant woman in her early 40's, she wears a locket with photos of her mother and father - Parvaneh and Dariush Forouhar.
		Forouhar continues, "They both were stabbed to death.
	americanradioworks.publicradio.org /features/iran/htmlversion/segb.html (2095 words)

	[ www.radiofarda.com ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		•The house in Tehran where nationalist dissidents Darioush and Parvaneh Forouhar were murdered is in danger of being confiscated by the government, their daughter Parastu Forouhar fears, Paris-based human rights advocate Abdolkarim Lahiji tells Radio Farda.
		Forouhar, along with members of her parents' party Iran nation's (Hezb-e Melat-e Iran) had tried to keep the house intact and open to public.
		Forouhar heard that the government intends to confiscate the house, he says.
	www.radiofarda.com /transcripts/topstory/2003/11/20031102_1530_0955_1328_EN.asp (1342 words)

	n e w s 1 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dariush Forouhar, chairman of the Iran's Nation Party (Hezbe Melat-e-Iran), and his wife Mrs.
		Parvaneh Forouhar (Eskandari) political activist, on Sunday Nov. 22, 1998.
		Iran National Front, USA in coordination with political, social, cultural and human right organizations, around the world and inside Iran, hereby declares the November 28, 1998 (7th day of Azar, 1377), the 7th day of the assassination, as a National Memorial Day in their honor.
	www.zan.org /news15.html (287 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Dariush and Parvaneh Forouhar, Fariba Amini
		THE IRANIAN: Dariush and Parvaneh Forouhar, Fariba Amini
		Four years ago, secular nationalist activists Dariush and Parvaneh Forouhar were murdered in their house in Tehran by agents of the Islamic Republic's Intelligence Ministry.
		These photographs were taken from the Forouhars' home on Hedayat Street soon after they were murdered.
	www.iranian.com /Arts/2002/November/Forouhar/grave.html (127 words)

	Arash Forouhar, For Defense of
		The Forouhars, for example, were stalked for weeks, stabbed repeatedly on 22 November 1998.
		Last November, two loving patriots, my parents, Dariush and Parvaneh Forouhar were brutally murdered in their residence by the Islamic Republic authorities.
		Daiush and Parvaneh had been student activists since the early 1950's and for forty years remained staunch critics of dictatorship and long time supporters of the rights of all Iranians for democracy and self-rule.
	www.arizonapersian.com /iran/_disc4/00000137.htm (1999 words)

	[No title]
		His murder was part of a series of murders -- notoriously called the "chain murders" -- committed against some secular dissident writers and two nationalist leaders, Daryush and Parvaneh Forouhar.
		Ebadi was the lawyer for the Forouhars' family, for which she was jailed and disbarred for five years.
		Alongside them we remember the former Islamist revolutionaries who, criticizing their own actions from within, became instrumental in the ideological transformation of many other veterans of the Islamic revolution, noted among them the courageous investigative reporter Akbar Ganji, who questioned the very foundations of the Islamic rule.
	courses.wcupa.edu /rbove/eco343/030Compecon/Iran/031013nobel.txt (1341 words)

	Parastou Forouhar
		Parastou Forouhar est née en 1962 à Téhéran, où entre 1984 et 1990 elle poursuit des études d'art à l'université.
		En septembre 1998, les parents de l'artiste, les opposants politiques non sans renom Parvaneh et Darius Forouhar, sont assassinés à Téhéran.
		Ce travail en progrès documente les efforts futiles de Parastou Forouhar d'obtenir des informations sur les personnages derrière le meurtre et paye un tribut actif à la commémoration de ses parents.
	www.universes-in-universe.de /islam/fra/2003/02/forouhar/index.html (281 words)

	Follow up of 1998 Serial Political Murders
		The killings began on Nov. 22, 1998, with the stabbing of Dariush Forouhar and his wife, Parvaneh, who ran a small opposition party.
		Another defendant, Mahmoud Jaafar Zadeh, said he killed Forouhar and the third of Tuesday's witnesses, Ali Mohseni, said he killed Forouhar's wife, Tehran Radio reported.
		Many reformists allege that the murders of nationalists Darioush and Parvaneh Forouhar, and writers Mohammad Mokhtari and Mohammad Jafar Pouyandeh were part of a wider campaign by state-sponsored death squads to silence opposition.
	www.jebhemelli.net /news/2001/01_January/follow_up_of_1998_serial_politic.htm (728 words)

	Human Rights News from Iran: 11/01/2003 - 11/30/2003
		The mourners marking the November 22, 1998 murders of Daryush Foruhar and his wife Parvaneh Eskandari included this year's Nobel Peace Prize winner Shirin Ebadi, who was given loud applause as she entered the mosque.
		Daryoush Forouhar, who was 70, had been a minister of labour in the left-leaning government that followed the 1979 Islamic revolution, and went on to be highly critical of the regime as head of the banned-but-tolerated Iran National Party.
		A few weeks ago the Forouhar's daughter Parastou told Radio Farda - that broadcasts from outside Iran - that "after five years of the files going two and fro between the different justice departments, there is no chance of a satisfactory outcome.
	ihrgint.blogspot.com /2003_11_01_ihrgint_archive.html (3453 words)

	IRVAJ English - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hard-line vigilantes attacked members of the crowd of more than 2,000 people who attended a ceremony in a central Tehran mosque marking the fourth anniversary of the Nov. 22, 1998 killing of Dariush and Parvaneh Forouhar.
		The state investigated the killings of the Forouhars, who ran a small opposition group, and two other dissidents in late 1998.
		In January 2001, at the end of a trial held behind closed doors, three former intelligence agents were condemned to death and five others sentenced to life imprisonment for the murders.
	www.iranvajahan.net /cgi-bin/news_en.pl?l=en&y=2002&m=11&d=23&a=5 (438 words)

	VOA News - 12/6/04 - IRAN BANS COMMEMORATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Iran is now a country whose rulers say yes to suicide bombers and no to freedom of expression.
		Officials in Tehran recently banned any public ceremony commemorating the anniversary of the deaths of Dariush and Parvaneh Forouhar.
		These Iranian democracy activists were brutally killed six years ago, in a wave of murders of dissident intellectuals and journalists.
	www.voanews.com /uspolicy/Archive/a-2004-12-06-5-1.cfm?renderforprint=1&textonly=1&&TEXTMODE=1&CFID=2704531&CFTOKEN=59521754 (300 words)

	Freedom in the World 1998-99: Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ayatollah Khamenei made statements urging that conspirators against the velayat-e faqih, or absolute power of the preeminent religious jurist, be dealt with “firmly.” The statements have been interpreted as a green light for a campaign against dissent.
		Dariush Forouhar, the former labor minister and head of the Iran Nation Party, and his wife Parvaneh, who were outspoken critics of human and political rights violations, were murdered in November.
		The constitution permits public assembly as long as it does not “violate the principles of Islam.” Thousands of protesters against the prosecution of Karbaschi were dispersed, at times violently, by riot police in April.
	www.freedomhouse.org /survey99/country/iran.html (2005 words)

	News
		Saturday's sentences were a major development in a politically charged case that has come to illustrate the extent of the struggle between moderates and hard-liners in Iran.
		The case had been widely seen as a test of moderate President Mohammad Khatami's campaign to introduce the rule of law and to gain control over the intelligence apparatus, widely seen as the preserve of the clerical establishment.
		The intelligence minister was forced out after the historically autonomous service confessed that ``rogue'' agents from its own ranks had killed nationalists Darioush and Parvaneh Forouhar and writers Mohammad Mokhtari and Mohammad Jafar Pouyandeh.
	www.jebhemelli.net /news/2001/02_February/3%20Intel%20Agents%20sentenced%20for%201998%20murders.htm (831 words)

	IPI (International Press Institute) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A former member of the Revolutionary Guards and Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance, he angered Iran's conservative elite by alleging that top officials were behind the murders of dissident intellectuals, allegations he outlined in a best-selling book.
		Considering the history in Iran of extra-judicial killings and "disappearances" of prominent dissidents, such as the killings of veteran political activists Darioush and Parvaneh Forouhar in 1998, and Ganji's hard-hitting criticism of the authorities, reports that his life may be in danger are especially perturbing.
		In its letters, IPI stressed the fact that the charges brought against the defendants are in gross violation of their right to freedom of expression as guaranteed by Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and called for the immediate release of Ganji and the others.
	www.freemedia.at /Protests2000/pr_Iran24Nov00.htm (442 words)

	[No title]
		The warning came after the judge in the case said the killers had a list of 40 more people targeted for assassination, a statement that supports reformers' claims that the killings were part of a broad campaign of terror.
		The military court judge, Mohammed Reza Aqiqi, on Saturday sentenced the three agents to death for carrying out the killings of the four dissidents, Darioush and Parvaneh Forouhar, Mohammed Mokhtari and Mohammed Jafar Pouyandeh.
		Five other defendants, including two former Intelligence Ministry directors, Mostafa Kazemi and Mehrdad Alikhani, were given life terms for ordering the killings, according to the 17-page verdict made public after the trial, which was conducted in secret.
	courses.wcupa.edu /rbove/eco343/011Compecon/Iran/010129Dissidents.txt (2283 words)

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