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	Pascal programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pascal is based on the ALGOL programming language and named in honor of mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal.
		The first Pascal compiler was designed in Zurich for the CDC 6000 computer family, and it became operational in 1970.
		Pascal and C: A comparison of Pascal and C. IP Pascal: A fully extended Pascal with built in graphical porting platform.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pascal_programming_language (2561 words)

	Blaise Pascal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences, where he made important contributions to the construction of mechanical calculators and the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by expanding the work of Evangelista Torricelli.
		Pascal's work in the fields of the study of fluids (hydrodynamics and hydrostatics) centered on the principles of hydraulic fluids.
		Pascal's last major achievement, returning to his mechanical genius, was inaugurating perhaps the first bus line, moving passengers within Paris in a carriage with many seats.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blaise_Pascal (3466 words)

	Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662)
		Pascal was kept at home in order to ensure his not being overworked, and with the same object it was directed that his education should be at first confined to the study of languages, and should not include any mathematics.
		Pascal, stimulated no doubt by the injunction against reading it, gave up his play-time to this new study, and in a few weeks had discovered for himself many properties of figures, and in particular the proposition that the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two right angles.
		Pascal's own solutions were effected by the method of indivisibles, and are similar to those which a modern mathematician would give by the aid of the integral calculus.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /pub/HistMath/People/Pascal/RouseBall/RB_Pascal.html (1872 words)

	Blaise Pascal Encyclopedia Article @ Encyclopedia.LocalColorArt.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Pascal's major contribution to the philosophy of mathematics came with his De l'Esprit géométrique ("On the Geometrical Spirit"), originally written as a preface to a geometry textbook for one of the famous "Little Schools of Port-Royal" (Les Petites-Ecoles de Port-Royal).
		Pascal agreed with Montaigne that achieving certainty in these axioms and conclusions through human methods is impossible.
		Pascal claimed that only definitions of the first type were important to science and mathematics, arguing that those fields should adopt the philosophy of formalism as formulated by Descartes.
	encyclopedia.localcolorart.com /encyclopedia/Blaise_Pascal (3852 words)

	Blaise Pascal at Erratic Impact's Philosophy Research Base
		Pascal is often credited with the discovery of the mathematical theory of probability, and he also made serious contributions to number theory and geometry.
		Etienne Pascal decided that Blaise was not to study mathematics before the age of 15 and all mathematics texts were removed from their house.
		The French mathematician, theologian, physicist and man-of-letters, Blaise Pascal, was born June 19 at Clermont-Ferrand, the son of the local president of the court of exchequer.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~modern/html/modern_blaise_pascal.htm (964 words)

	Pascal's Wager
		Pascal maintains that we are incapable of knowing whether God exists or not, yet we must "wager" one way or the other.
		Pascal addresses this at once in his second argument, which we will discuss only briefly, as it can be thought of as just a prelude to the main argument.
		Pascal's guiding insight is that the argument from expectation goes through equally well whatever your probability for God's existence is, provided that it is non-zero and finite (non-infinitesimal) — "a chance of gain against a finite number of chances of loss".
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/pascal-wager (5545 words)

	Island of Freedom - Blaise Pascal
		Pascal proved by experimentation in 1648 that the level of the mercury column in a barometer is determined by an increase or decrease in the surrounding atmospheric pressure rather than by a vacuum, as previously believed.
		Pascal's other important scientific contributions include the derivation of Pascal's law or principle, which states that fluids transmit pressures equally in all directions, and his investigations in the geometry of infinitesimals.
		Pascal died at the age of 39 from a combination of tuberculosis and stomach cancer.
	www.island-of-freedom.com /PASCAL.HTM (705 words)

	The Pascal Programming Language
		In 1650, Pascal left the world of geometry and physics, and shifted his focus towards religious studies, or, as Pascal wrote, to "contemplate the greatness and the misery of man." Pascal died in Paris on August 19, 1662.
		According to the Pascal Standard (ISO 7185), these goals were to a) make available a language suitable for teaching programming as a systematic discipline based on fundamental concepts clearly and naturally reflected by the language, and b) to define a language whose implementations could be both reliable and efficient on then-available computers.
		Pascal's popularity exploded in the 1970's, as it was used in writing both system and application software.
	pascal-central.com /ppl (1996 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Blaise Pascal
		He multiplied his mortifications, wore a cincture of nails which he drove into his flesh at the slightest thought of vanity, and to be more like Jesus crucified, he left his own house and went to die in that of his brother-in-law.
		From the fourth to the sixteenth Pascal censures the Jesuit moral code, or rather the casuistry, first, by depicting a naîf Jesuit who, through silly vanity, reveals to him the pretended secrets of the Jesuit policy, and then by direct invective against the Jesuits themselves.
		Condorcet, on the advice of Voltaire, attempted, in 1776, to connect Pascal with the Philosophie party by means of a garbled edition, which was opposed by that of the Abbe Bossuet (1779).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11511a.htm (1660 words)

	Great creation scientist: Blaise Pascal (1623—1662)
		Pascal’s experiments with the barometer proved the now familiar facts that atmospheric pressure (as shown by the height of the mercury in the barometer) decreases as altitude increases, and also changes as the weather changes.
		Pascal’s discovery of many physical and mathematical properties of the cycloid was an important step towards the later development of calculus by others.
		Pascal is famous for the statement known as Pascal’s Wager in which he applied his thinking in terms of probabilities to the question of salvation.
	www.answersingenesis.org /creation/v20/i1/scientist.asp (1420 words)

	Blaise Pascal
		Pascal began designing a calculating machine, which he finally perfected when he was thirty, the pascaline, a beautiful handcrafted box about fourteen by five by three inches.
		In 1650, when in the midst of these researches, Pascal suddenly abandoned his favorite pursuits to study religion, or, as he says in his Pensées, "contemplate the greatness and the misery of man''; and about the same time he persuaded the younger of his two sisters to enter the Port Royal society.
		Pascal was dismayed and disgusted by society's reactions to his machine and completely renounced his interest in science an mathematics, devoting the rest of his life to God.
	www.thocp.net /biographies/pascal_blaise.html (1036 words)

	The Pascal Programming Language
		His principle objectives for Pascal were for the language to be efficent to implement and run, allow for the development of well structured and well organized programs, and to serve as a vehicle for the teaching of the important concepts of computer programming.
		Pascal, which was named after the mathematician Blaise Pascal, is a direct descendent from ALGOL 60, which Wirth helped develop.
		Pascal also draws programming components from ALGOL 68 and ALGOL-W. The original published definition for the Pascal language appeared in 1971 with latter revisons published in 1973.
	www.engin.umd.umich.edu /CIS/course.des/cis400/pascal/pascal.html (475 words)

	Inventor Blaise Pascal
		Under the tutelage of his father, Pascal soon proved himself a mathematical prodigy, and at the age of 16 he formulated one of the basic theorems of projective geometry, known as Pascal's theorem and described in his Essai pour les coniques (Essay on Conics, 1639).
		Pascal's writings urging acceptance of the Christian life contain frequent applications of the calculations of probability; he reasoned that the value of eternal happiness is infinite and that although the probability of gaining such happiness by religion may be small it is infinitely greater than by any other course of human conduct or belief.
		Pascal was one of the most eminent mathematicians and physicists of his day and one of the greatest mystical writers in Christian literature.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/pascal.htm (1166 words)

	Blaise Pascal
		Pascal became involved with a religious movement in France know as Jansenism after its founder Cornelis Jansen (1585-1636) in 1646 when Pascal's father had an accident and was cared for by Jansenists.
		In 1655 Pascal met Antoine Arnauld who was the leading Jansenist philosopher and theologian.
		Pascal goes on to propose his famous wager to show that it is reasonable to believe in God.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/phl302/philosophers/pascal.html (851 words)

	taoyue.com: Learn Pascal tutorial - History
		Pascal was intended as a teaching language, and was widely adopted as such.
		Pascal remained the official language of the AP exams until 1999, when it was replaced by C++, which was quickly replaced by Java.
		As Pascal was the preeminent structured programming language of the day, Apple chose Pascal as the standard programming language for the Mac.
	www.taoyue.com /tutorials/pascal/history.html (1366 words)

	Math Forum: Ask Dr. Math FAQ: Pascal's Triangle
		Pascal's Triangle is an arithmetical triangle you can use for some neat things in mathematics.
		The other main area where Pascal's Triangle shows up is in Probability, where it can be used to find Combinations.
		In about 1654 Blaise Pascal started to investigate the chances of getting different values for rolls of the dice, and his discussions with Pierre de Fermat are usually considered to have laid the foundation for the theory of probability.
	mathforum.org /dr.math/faq/faq.pascal.triangle.html (751 words)

	Jefferson Computer Museum - UCSD P-System Museum
		The source to the Terak version of UCSD Pascal and P-System version I.3 (August 1977) was uploaded to CompuServe's PDP-11 Forum in July 1984 by one of the earlier UCSD licensees, Eli Willner of Pecan Software, and remains there to this day - certainly one of the oldest files still on CompuServe.
		Pascal and C developed contemporaneously in the early 1970s, but by most measures, C became the dominant programming language for applications for personal computers and workstations.
		Although it is not the P-System, it brought Pascal to the masses and played a major role in the decline of UCSD Pascal.
	www.threedee.com /jcm/psystem (2726 words)

	What is Pascal? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		The language is named after Blaise Pascal, a seventeenth-century French mathematician who constructed one of the first mechanical adding machines.
		Pascal is best known for its affinity to structured programming techniques.
		Part of the resistance to Pascal by professional programmers stems from its inflexibility and lack of tools for developing large applications.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/P/Pascal.html (186 words)

	PASCAL [144]
		PASCAL is produced by the Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique (INIST) of the French National Research Council (CNRS).
		PASCAL is multidisciplinary, covering the core of the world's scientific and technical literature.
		PASCAL is produced by INIST, the Scientific and Technical Information Institute of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS).
	library.dialog.com /bluesheets/html/bl0144.html (731 words)

	PASCAL- Preservation and Access Service Center for Colorado Academic Libraries
		Operating since March of 2001, Denison Library shares PASCAL with four other academic libraries: Norlin Library of CU Boulder, Auraria Library, and the Law and Penrose libraries of the University of Denver.
		PASCAL uses an operating agreement that would allow other academic libraries to join as participants in the future.
		PASCAL provides member libraries with rapid, efficient and safe access to and delivery of stored materials.
	pascal.uchsc.edu (349 words)

	Softpanorama University Pascal page
		There is something wrong with C as non-system programming language and while Pascal may not be an answer it does demonstrate the limitations of C for general purpose programming and first of all low productivity: TP programmers are approximately twice as productive as their C counterparts.
		Pascal Central Bill Catambay -- The intent of Pascal Central is to provide the Pascal community one place to obtain Pascal technical information, Pascal source code, and Pascal-related internet links.
		The material has been donated by various PASCAL programmers from around the world, who desire to contribute to the advancement of one of the greatest programming languages there is. SWAG packets are available in 57 different categories covering every aspect of the PASCAL language, and all free.
	www.softpanorama.org /Lang/pascal.shtml (3057 words)

	taoyue.com: Learn Pascal tutorial - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This tutorial is an introduction to the Pascal simple, yet complete, introduction to the Pascal programming language.
		Pascal was designed for teaching purposes, and is a very structured and syntactically-strict language.
		We begin with some background on Pascal, an explanation of compilers, and step-by-step instructions for getting one such compiler working on a modern Windows operating system.
	www.taoyue.com /tutorials/pascal (184 words)

	Antique Software: Turbo Pascal v3.02 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract: Turbo Pascal 3 was the first Turbo Pascal version to support overlays, the Intel 8087 math co-processor and BCD math.
		Turbo Pascal 3 was the first Turbo Pascal version to support the Intel 8087 math co-processor (16-bit PC version).
		Turbo Pascal is a registered trademark of Borland International, Inc. CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp. WordStar is a registered trademark of MicroPro International.
	community.borland.com /article/0,1410,20792,00.html (1820 words)

	Free Pascal Compilers, Free Delphi Compilers (thefreecountry.com)
		If you prefer a hardcopy (printed) book on Pascal or Delphi (which are of course not free), you can try the list of Pascal books or the list of Delphi books on Amazon.com.
		If you do not have a Pascal compiler, you have a choice of getting their C translation of the compiler (which means you must have a C compiler) or handtranslating their precompiled pcode of the compiler.
		This Pascal compiler is "targeted at SMID instruction sets such as the MMX and the AMD 3D Now!" It also performs optimizations such as parallel vector operations, loop unrolling and common sub-expression elimination.
	www.thefreecountry.com /compilers/pascal.shtml (1307 words)

	Free Pascal compilers and Pascal Programming - Freebyte's Guide to
		The Pascal language is compatible with TP 7.0 (including classes) and has some extensions used by Delphi (rtti, exceptions, ansistrings, function overloading, etc.).
		Lazarus is a group of class libraries for Free Pascal that emulate Delphi.
		Free Pascal is designed to be able to understand and compile Delphi syntax, which is of course OOP.
	www.freebyte.com /programming/pascal (756 words)

	Pascal_Fervor
		The redirected drive that was impassioned in one of history's greatest minds, Blaise Pascal, when he found his creations being misused; a calling to defend one's intellectual honesty and purpose that repeatedly confronts creative minds.
		I believe that modern thinkers, should they regain the faith of their fathers, might begin to retreat from our more advanced horror that Pascal saw developing, and might very well choose a similar altered course, one that would provide civilization yet again one more chance.
		A nascent analytical method for explaining how those who have influence and power may be measuring and controlling conditions for motivating and benefitting from the actions of political extremists.
	www.pascalfervor.com (4560 words)

	Free Pascal - Advanced open source Pascal compiler for Pascal and Object Pascal
		Free Pascal (aka FPK Pascal) is a 32 and 64 bit professional Pascal compiler.
		A Mac Pascal compatibility mode is also provided to assist Apple users.
		The sources for both the compiler and runtime library are available; the complete compiler is written in Pascal.
	www.freepascal.org (452 words)

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