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	Pascal Lissouba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Professor Pascal Lissouba (born November 15, 1931) was President of the Republic of the Congo from August 31, 1992 to October 15, 1997.
		Militia forces loyal to Lissouba continued a guerilla war, the vital Brazzaville-Pointe Noire railway was cut and Brazzaville was heavily damaged before a cease-fire was agreed in December 1999.
		Lissouba was intending to return to the Congo for the 2002 elections, but in December 2001 he was put on trial in Brazzaville, in absentia, charged with high treason and embezzlement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pascal_Lissouba (463 words)

	Pascal Lissouba - Wikipedia
		Pascal Lissouba (*Tsinguidi, 15 november 1931) is een Congolees (Brazzaville) staatsman.
		Lissouba zat enige tijd gevangen, doch werd in 1979 vrijgelaten.
		Waarschijnlijk zag Lissouba in Sassou-Nguesso een potentieel gevaar en liet militairen zijn huis omsingelen om hem te arresteren (oktober 1997).
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pascal_Lissouba (468 words)

	Station Information - Pascal Lissouba
		Professor Pascal Lissouba (November 15, 1931 -) was President of the Republic of the Congo from August 31, 1992 to October 15, 1997.
		When Massamba-Debat was overthrown in 1968 Lissouba remained in government under Marien Ngouabi and although he was suspended from political activity from 1969-71 he was on the Central Committee of the Congolese Workers Party in 1973.
		Lissouba was intending to return to the Congo for the 2002 elections but in December 2001 Lissouba was put on trial in Brazzaville, in absentia, charged with high treason and embezzlement.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/pascal_lissouba.html (435 words)

	Denis Sassou-Nguesso - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the presidential elections of August the contest was between Pascal Lissouba (UPADS) and (MCDDI), Lissouba won in the second round with 61% of the vote, Sassou-Nguesso was elimated in the first round after polling only 17%.
		Lissouba began his rule dogged with accusations of voting irregularities and he had to act with increasing repression to maintain his power.
		On March 10 Sassou-Nguesso won with almost 90% of the vote, his two main rivals Lissouba and Kolelas were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival,, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Denis_Sassou-Nguesso (936 words)

	Jacques Baudouin*
		Pascal Lissouba, 61, head of the Union pan-africaine pour la démocratie sociale (UPADS)[1], was elected President.
		Pascal Lissouba was a Marxist intellectual who came up with the idea of tribal-class ideology.
		While Lissouba was purchasing a mansion in Paris, primarily with state funds, civil servants back home were no longer able to receive their salaries and scholarship money was no longer being turned over to students.
	www.african-geopolitics.org /show.aspx?ArticleId=3057 (4058 words)

	ips/conflict-watch/Congo1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lissouba had also been criticised for concentrating political power around three regions-Niari, Bouanza and Lekoumou-whose people are mainly from his ethnic group and whose support enabled him to win the 1992 presidential election.
		The 1992 presidential election which swept Pascal Lissouba to power in Congo was followed in 1993 by legislative polls at which a coalition of parties close to Lissouba won a majority of seats in parliament.
		Lissouba would have remained president but would have lost most of his prerogatives, including the post of commander-in-chief of the armed forces, which would have gone to the prime minister.
	www.ips.org /critical/watch/con1.htm (1312 words)

	Congo (Brazzaville) Fact files
		Lissouba's UPADS and its allies took 62 of the 125 contested seats in the first round of voting, causing Sassou-Nguesso, Kolélas and their allies to boycott the second round, which delivered Lissouba an overall majority.
		Lissouba was doubtless aware of the precedents set by Benin and Madagascar, where erstwhile dictators were returned to office by voters after only one term in the political wilderness.
		Pascal Lissouba’s unilateral appointment on 9 September of Brazzaville mayor Bernard Kolélas as prime minister effectively ended the Libreville process, and was taken by his opponents as signifying an open declaration of war.
	www.iss.org.za /AF/profiles/Congo/congo1.html (5835 words)

	CARPE Congo Basin News Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		BRAZZAVILLE, Dec 29 (Reuters) - Exiled former ruler of Congo Republic Pascal Lissouba was convicted in absentia by a high court in the central African country on Friday of treason and embezzlement and sentenced to 30 years hard labour.
		Lissouba, who has been living in the United Kingdom since he was ousted by current President Denis Sassou Nguessou after a brief but bloody civil war in 1997, was also fined 25 billion CFA francs ($33 million).
		Lissouba, who has denied the charges, saying the money was used to pay civil servants and prepare for elections, was recently barred from standing in March presidential elections under a strict new law.
	carpe.umd.edu /congo_basin_news/news_article.asp?article=92 (308 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Ex-Congo leader on trial
		Mr Lissouba, who lives in exile in London and is being tried in absentia, dismissed the trial as a joke.
		Mr Lissouba denies this, saying the money earned from the deal was used to pay the salaries of civil servants and prepare for the elections.
		Pascal Lissouba was elected in 1992 but was driven out of Brazzaville in the civil war in 1997 by the forces of his rival, Denis Sassou-Nguessou, who is now president.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/africa/newsid_1731000/1731964.stm (315 words)

	News Asmarino Com Front Page
		Lissouba, a renowned professor of genetics who taught at the prestigious French university of La Sorbonne in Paris for many years, was elected president in Congo-Brazzaville’s first multi-party elections in 1992.
		Lissouba was not happy with the system as it deprived the country of the needed financial resources for development.
		Lissouba says all the oil companies were happy with the deal except Elf which deliberately set out to undermine it.
	news.asmarino.com /Comments/November2001/MulughetaTewelde11_29.asp (534 words)

	Making a Killing - The Center for Public Integrity
		Lissouba – whose financial advisor was Jack Sigolet — initiated a series of economic reforms, including a privatization program that led to thousands of bureaucrats losing their jobs but failed to lift the country out of its poverty or put bread on people's tables.
		Lissouba's armed youths were up against Nguesso's Cobras and the Ninjas of Bernard Kolela, the leader of another opposition party in Brazzaville.
		Lissouba was desperate for cash; he asked Elf for a new loan that would be financed with future oil supplies.
	www.publicintegrity.org /bow/report.aspx?aid=155 (4300 words)

	Charles Zacharie Bowao
		Rationalizing professor Pascal Lissouba’s theory of the “tribe-class” could but lead to dismantling the country. At the time the country was breaking up, Sassou Guesso symbolized the civic impetus, which could have confirmed itself during the presidential elections of July 1997.
		Pascal Lissouba was so determined, nothing could convince him to properly prepare for the elections.
		Pascal Lissouba had not understood the people’s new desire to be governed differently.
	www.african-geopolitics.org /show.aspx?ArticleId=3126 (4174 words)

	Read about Pascal Lissouba at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Pascal Lissouba and learn about Pascal Lissouba here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Militia forces loyal to Lissouba continued a guerilla war, the vital Brazzaville-
		Pointe Noire railway was cut and Brazzaville was heavily damaged before a cease-fire was agreed in December 1999.
		Lissouba was intending to return to the Congo for the 2002 elections, but in December 2001 he was put on trial in Brazzaville, in absentia, charged with high treason and
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Pascal_Lissouba (444 words)

	More British arms to Africa - Blair government intervenes in Republic of Congo
		The former president of this small country on the west coast of Africa, Pascal Lissouba, was ousted in a five-month civil war in 1997.
		Lissouba is staying at the Belgravia apartment of financier Robert Bost.
		Lissouba, being a long-standing collaborator with the CIA-backed Unita forces in Angola and a supporter of Mobutu in the DRG (formerly Zaire), had fallen into disfavour.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/mar1999/cong-m11.shtml (850 words)

	CNN - Warring Republic of Congo factions agree to more talks - June 14, 1997
		Brazzaville mayor and mediator Bernard Kolelas said Saturday the meeting of envoys for President Pascal Lissouba and former Marxist military leader Gen. Denis Sassou-Nguesso will be a prelude to one between the longtime rivals themselves.
		Lissouba said he was acting to avoid violence before the elections.
		Sassou-Nguesso claims Lissouba was trying to spark clashes as an excuse to avoid the election and remain president.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9706/14/congo (947 words)

	PASCAL Lissouba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Profesor Pascal Lissouba (llevado de noviembre el 15 de 1931) era presidente de la república del Congo del de agosto 31 de 1992 al de octubre 15 de 1997.
		Cuando Massamba-Débat fue derrocado en Lissouba 1968 permanecía en el gobierno debajo de Marien Ngouabi y aunque lo suspendieron de actividad política a partir de 1969-71 él estaba en el comité central del partido de los trabajadores de Congolese en 1973.
		Lissouba se preponía volver al Congo para las 2002 elecciones, pero en diciembre de 2001 lo pusieron en ensayo con en Brazzaville, enel absentia, cargado el alto treason y malversación.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/pa/PASCAL%20Lissouba.htm (504 words)

	CNN - Escalation of Congo civil war forecast - June 17, 1997
		Supporters of Republic of Congo President Pascal Lissouba and his rival and predecessor, Denis Sassou-Nguesso, have engaged in political and ethnic fighting in Brazzaville for nearly two weeks.
		Lissouba acknowledged that the elections could not take place on time as he had wished.
		Conditions do not permit it," Lissouba told Radio France International, calling on officials to "fix another timetable." Sassou-Nguesso also said conditions were not ripe for elections, calling instead for "a good transition period" that would ultimately lead to "credible elections" organized by the international community.
	edition.cnn.com /WORLD/9706/17/congo (725 words)

	Republic of Congo (Brazzaville): Information on the human rights situation and the Ninja militia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Former-President Lissouba was later sentenced to 20 years imprisonment and former-Prime Minister Kolelas was sentenced to death in absentia for their alleged crimes.
		President Lissouba and his opponents, Kolelas and Sassou, signed an agreement to end hostilities." In January 1995 the government of President Lissouba announced the integration of 2,000 disbanded militia into the army.
		This claims that former President Pascal Lissouba was guilty of genocide during the 1997 civil war in the Republic of Congo.
	uscis.gov /graphics/services/asylum/ric/documentation/COG01002.htm (3879 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Congolese ex-leader guilty of treason
		Former Congolese President Pascal Lissouba has been convicted of treason and corruption, and sentenced to 30 years' hard labour by the high court in Brazzaville.
		Mr Lissouba and four of his former ministers were convicted in absentia for their part in a $150m oil deal with the American company, Occidental Petroleum.
		Prosecutors said Mr Lissouba and his ministers undersold Congolese oil for personal gains, saying that the proceeds never went into the public treasury.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/africa/newsid_1732000/1732822.stm (342 words)

	Martine-Renée Galloy and Marc-Éric Gruénais, Fighting for power in the Congo
		Mr Lissouba became the first Congolese president to be elected by universal suffrage, an election that was never contested.
		Each of the three main political leaders had formed his own militia: Pascal Lissouba, Denis Sassou Nguesso and Bernard Kolelas, mayor of Brazzaville and at that time leader of the opposition allied with the ex-president, and later appointed prime minister during the 1997 war.
		There were fears of intervention by Laurent Kabila's government, which had had a rapprochement with President Lissouba and announced its intention of sending troops across the river to stop the shelling of Kinshasa.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/35/291.html (1195 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Pascal (unit) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is equal to one newton per square metre (1 N/m
		The pascal, which is named after the 17th-century...
		Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662), French philosopher, mathematician, and physicist, considered one of the great minds in Western intellectual history.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Pascal_(unit).html (82 words)

	pascal
		The pascal (symbol Pa) is the SI unit of pressure.
		The unit is named after Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, physicist and philosopher.
		1 hectopascal = 100 pascal = 1 millibar.
	www.fact-library.com /pascal.html (180 words)

	CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE, Landmine Monitor Report 1999
		In the months after his defeat of elected predecessor Pascal Lissouba, Sassou has steadily lost control of areas of the country and has become increasingly reliant upon the support of Angolan forces from across the border in the Cabinda enclave.
		Before and during the 1997 civil war, both Lissouba and Sassou reportedly constituted major weapons dumps in their respective strongholds of Dolisie (in the Nibolek region of the south) and Oyo.
		On 8 March 1999, the U.K. daily newspaper the Mirror reported that ex-President Pascal Lissouba, in exile in London since his defeat by Sassou in late 1997, was shopping for armaments to launch attacks against his successor, and reproduced apparently convincing documentation for the assertion.
	www.icbl.org /lm/1999/congo_bra.html (1340 words)

	Africa: Country Report
		As in past years, journalists from the Kongo group of ousted President Pascal Lissouba and those from the Lari group of exiled former prime minister Bernard Kolelas suffered particular discrimination.
		But sources at the Libreville-based Africa Number 1 said that Congolese police accused Kiminou-Missou of spying for exiled former president Pascal Lissouba after they found a pocket tape recorder in his luggage.
		Lissouba's "Cocoyes," a privately financed army, had recently been fighting the "Ninja" squads of President Denis Sassou Nguesso.
	www.cpj.org /attacks99/africa99/Congo.html (557 words)

	CNN - Congo rebels take Brazzaville airport - Oct. 14, 1997
		The whereabouts of President Pascal Lissouba, Sassou-Nguesso's rival in a bloody four-month power struggle, were not immediately clear.
		The conflict, which began on June 5 when Lissouba soldiers surrounded Sassou-Nguesso's home in a pre-election crackdown on private militia, has escalated since Sassou-Nguesso's forces launched an offensive inside and outside Brazzaville on October 7.
		Sassou-Nguesso loyalists accuse Lissouba forces of targeting Kinshasa to draw President Laurent Kabila and his Democratic Republic of the Congo into the conflict.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9710/14/congo (493 words)

	CNN - Airborne attacks in Congo civil war - Aug. 27, 1997
		BRAZZAVILLE, Congo (CNN) -- President Pascal Lissouba's forces fired rockets sporadically here on Wednesday, one day after helicopters were used for the first time in attacks against militiamen backing former dictator Denis Sassou-Nguesso.
		But mediation efforts were suspended after Lissouba's representatives didn't show up.
		Lissouba's term of office formally expires Sunday, although a constitutional council agreed to extend it until elections can be held.
	us.cnn.com /WORLD/9708/27/congo (338 words)

	Great Lakes: IRIN Update 268, 10/13/97
		Congolese President Pascal Lissouba, meanwhile, visited his Ugandan counterpart Yoweri Museveni in Kampala on Friday to brief him on the situation in Congo.
		Lissouba had previously been in Kinshasa for talks with President Laurent-Desire Kabila.Ugandan radio reported the meeting between Museveni and Lissouba, but gave no details of the talks.
		Over the weekend, Lissouba appeared at his presidential palace in Brazzaville to dispel rumours that the building had been taken by Sassou Nguesso's forces.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Hornet/irin268.html (1353 words)

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