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Topic: Pashtunwali

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	Pashtunwali - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pakhtoonwali is an unwritten democratic, socio-political culture, law and ideology of the Pakhtoon society inherited from their forefathers and carried on to the present generation, it is a dominant force of Pakhtoon culture and identity.
		Pashtunwali is the sum total of collective expectations of the group from its members to conform to the totality of norms and customs that ensure the group's survival as a distinct socio-cultural entity.
		Thus the elements of conflict and co-operation are evenly balanced in the make-up of Pashtunwali.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pashtunwali (2702 words)

	Pashtunkhwa - A Developmental Framework (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pashtunwali is an adjective added to the name of Pashtuns, both as a group and an individual.
		Pashtunwali is the sum total of all those ideals, meanings and qualities required from a Pashtun or binding upon them.
		Pashtunwali, as a tribal code had some common features with other tribal systems such as egalitarianism, xenophobia and consideration for lineage although it also has some specific features that were produced by the particular historical and geographical conditions of Pashtun society.
	www.khyberwatch.com /NDCP/NDCP2.htm (2634 words)

	Pashtunwali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Whether one is Pashtun or not depends how one lives his or her life more so than what they profess be or even who their father is. historically accurate precedent takes into account that even if an ethnic Afghan no one is Pashtun default.
		Intrinsically flexible and dynamic containing modern and ancient principles in one coherent of teachings Pashtunwali has core tenets including independence justice hospitality love forgiveness and tolerance to all (especially to the stranger guest).
		The exception that makes the is when one has come to take of Pashtunwali for their own corrupt ends harm to you in the pursuit of aims.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pashtunwali (1368 words)

	Pashtunwali: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pashtunwali is the indigenous honor Honour quick summary:
		Law (a loanword from old norse lag), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit...
		Pashtunwali is not related or tied to Sharia(Islamic Law)Pashtunwali is acodin to past history unity of Pashtuns against non Pashtuns, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/pashtunwali.htm (2855 words)

	Pashtun - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Pashtuns are characterized by their indigenous code (religion) of honor and culture, Pashtunwali.
		Taking this idea further, the cultural definition would exclude the Afridis and Yousafzai of Bhopal, India who are in fact ethnic Pashtuns, but would include some tribal groups that do not share the specific patriarchal ethnic descent required by the patrilineal definition, notably the Swatis, who claim patrilineal descent from Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
		The term 'Pakhto' or 'Pashto' from which they derive their name is not merely the name of their language, but synonymous with an honour code and religion known as Pashtunwali.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pashtun (1277 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In West Afghanistan the term pashtunwali is unknown, there the traditional norms are called rawaj which in terminology and content hardly differs from those of their neighbours.
		The pashtunwali of the eastern Pashtuns serves as a model and an orientation for education, as a guide line and measure of values for solving conflicts, as a marker of contrast against ethnic aliens and also as an invitation card for peaceful visitors (hospitality has first priority in pashtunwali).
		In pashtunwali the inviolability of women and of land is closely connected or considered as practically identical.
	www.ecoi.net /pub/hl300_1997-12_Glatzer_-_Sword_and_Reason_among_Pashtuns.txt (4159 words)

	Why Bombing and Warnings Are Not Working
		Pashtunwali evolved from Afghanistan's pre-Islamic past, from which elaborate codes and protocols of the tribal elders, now known as maleks, survived.
		Of all aspects of pashtunwali, melmastiya is the one to which U.S. policymakers need to pay the closest attention.
		The jirga is an expression of pashtunwali, but efforts to convene such a meeting must evolve from within Afghanistan, not from outside.
	www.commondreams.org /views01/1016-09.htm (1204 words)

	SD: People : Participation and grass-roots organizations in integrated range and livestock development, Pakistan: Part 2
		Pashtunwali is comprised of the total sum of values and social norms which determine the way of life peculiar to the Pashtun (Steul, quoted in Grima 1993:3).
		The notion of pashtunwali serves as an ideological model, which is particularly important in small communities, as well as in poor rural communities, where food security and subsistence are more important than accumulation of surplus.
		Pashtunwali is built upon individual honour (nang), participation stresses self-determination and the capacity of each individual to be involved in the development process.
	www.fao.org /sd/PPdirect/PPre0033.htm (3995 words)

	[The Harborsite] A matter of honor? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pashtunwali evolved from Afghanistan's pre-Islamic past, from which=20 elaborate codes and protocols of the tribal elders, now known as maleks,=20 survived.
		Of all aspects of pashtunwali, melmastiya is the one to which U.S.=20 policymakers need to pay the closest attention.
		The jirga is an=20 expression of pashtunwali, but efforts to convene such a meeting must=20 evolve from within Afghanistan, not from outside.
	grunt.space.swri.edu /pipermail/harborsite/2001-October/000152.html (2189 words)

	Pashtun
		The term 'Pakhto' or 'Pashto' from which they derive their name is not merely the name of their language, but the name of a honour code and religion.
		All Pashtun men are extremely close to their mothers and indeed they are encouraged to espouse the virtues of a chivalrous warrior by their mothers.
		Pashtun heritage and Pashtunwali is transmitted from generation to generation in the form of a number of verbal stories or anecdotes that every child becomes acquainted with through his/ her parents.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/pa/pashtun.html (839 words)

	Afghanic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At a deeper level, Pashtunwali is the history and culture itself.
		For some and at the sacredest of levels, Pashtunwali is a complete religion comprising history, prophets, kings, charlatans, and destiny.
		Pashtunwali teaches independence like no other, and as such there are those who for reasons known only to them and God alone, as it should be, have enwrapped their whole lives to it.
	www.afghanic.de /whatistwhat/pashtunwali.htm (409 words)

	Pashtun people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pashtuns are typically characterized by their language, their pre-Islamic indigenous code of honor and culture Pashtunwali, and adherence to Islam.
		Folktales involving reverence for Pashtun mothers and matriarchs are common and are passed down from parent to child, as is most Pashtun heritage, through a rich oral tradition that has survived the ravages of time.
		The basic precepts of Pashtunwali continue to be followed by many Pashtuns, especially in rural areas and is often the center of Pashtun tribal life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pashtun_people (4947 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		But the Taliban must have understood, as many in the West may not have, that governing in Afghanistan always involves cooperation with and accommodation to the rule of Pashtunwali, or the traditional code of the Pashtun.
		News agencies in recent weeks have been referring to this system as "tribal law." In fact, as Amin said in a telephone interview from Peshawar, Pashtunwali is not a legal system in the Western sense.
		Another complicating factor is the makeup both of the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance, whose victories on the ground have staggered the Taliban regime, and of the many foreign volunteers who have flooded the country in support of the Taliban.
	www.rferl.org /features/2001/11/20112001095314.asp (1037 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pashtun dignity, honor and generosity are enshrined in their code of Pashtunwali, Pashtuns' code of honor.
		Two factors of Pashtunwali, tura'h (bravery) and milma'stya (hospitality), are manipulated by corrupt government and local minorities to further their deceitful ends.
		In the so-called Loya Jirga--Grand Assembly formed, financed and run by the US government, Pashtuns were treated with tremendous contempt, as was the case when the US brought their puppet, Hamid Karzai and called killing thousands of Afghans liberation.
	www.sabawoon.com /news/miniheadlines.asp?dismode=article&artid=16185 (3145 words)

	Pashtunwali History Summary
		Pashtunwali, however, never forgives shame-causing crimes, especially those involving a woman's honor.
		Conflict resolution in the case of murder involves public pardon, forgiveness, the ceding of land, or the giving in marriage of a woman from the aggressor's family to a member of the aggrieved family.
		Pashtunwali is driven by nang (honor) and tor (shame).
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/pashtunwali-ema-04 (245 words)

	Pashtun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Pashtun (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, or ethnic Afghan; in referring to the period of the British Raj or earlier, sometimes Pathan) are an ethnic/religious group of people, living primarily in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India and following Pashtunwali.
		The Pashtuns are the world's largest patriarchal tribal group in existence.
		The term 'Pakhto' or 'Pashto' from which they derive their name is not merely the name of their language, but the name of an honour code and religion.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Pathan (488 words)

	Annual Meeting
		Pashtunwali continues until today to exert an enormous influence on legal and social decisions.
		The "Iron Amir,” as he was known, claimed temporal and spiritual powers, and the only restraint on his rule was the obligation to conform to the rules of Islamic law.
		Islam continued to have an important role in state affairs, but the religious establishment remained essentially non-political, functioning as a moral rather than a political influence.
	www.aals.org /am2004/islamiclaw/majority.htm (3886 words)

	Pashtun : search word (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, or ethnic Afghan; in referring to the period of the British Raj or earlier, sometimes Pathan) are an ethnic/religious group of people, living primarily in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India who follow Pashtunwali, their indigenous religion.
		The main tenets of Pakhto or formally known as Pashtunwali are: #Hospitality and asylum to all guests seeking help.
		I would not for a hundred pounds carry the least mark was related to such a rascal." But Martin, who at this time.
	www.searchword.org /pa/pashtun.html (2484 words)

	SSRN-Rights, Culture, and Crime: The Role of Rule of Law for the Women of Afghanistan by Mark Drumbl
		The Pashtunwali consists of a blend of custom and practice that emerges from a context of embedded conflict and is filtered through an Islamist lens.
		The Pashtunwali propounds a restorative approach to human rights abuse in which the abuse is rectified when the family of the abuser transfers money, goods, animals or, preferentially, young girls or women to the family of the abused.
		Drawing from recent literature on law and culture, this Article posits that custom and culture in Afghanistan as operationalized through the Pashtunwali are politically contingent (and at the moment defined by patriarchal elites) instead of statically or immutably oppressive to women.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=452440 (492 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan The Way of Pashtuns
		The word Baramta is derived from Persian word Baramad, which means recovery or restitution of property etc. Under Baramta hostages are held to ransom till the accused returns the claimed property.
		The Pashtuns consider it an act against their sense of honor and contrary to the principles of Pashtunwali to lay their hands on dependent classes such as flsmiths, tailors, barbers and butchers etc belonging to the debtor's village.
		The violation of Itbar is considered to be dishonorable act, un-becoming of gentleman and contrary to the norms of Pashtunwali.
	afghanland.com /culture/pashtunwali.html (1690 words)

	Bookreporter.com - Author Profile: Greg Rucka
		BRC: We were intrigued by the protection/sanctuary offered by the Pashtunwali as discussed in PRIVATE WARS.
		Pashtunwali has been practiced in Central Asia --- Afghanistan and the NWFP on the border with Pakistan, certainly --- for centuries, even millennia.
		It's a necessity to survival living in such a harsh and unforgiving environment, and it's got a peculiar honor to it that, I think, is vexing to most Western thought.
	www.bookreporter.com /authors/au-rucka-greg.asp#view051028 (3730 words)

	MKNE political information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The border between Afghanistan and Pakistan is effectively non-existent for Pashtuns, certainly as far as cultural practices go.
		Pashtunwali places on its adherents an unlimited obligation to offer hospitality, even to those who come in hostility.
		The exception is anyone who pretends to call on the principles of Pashtunwali but exploits this for their own corrupt ends.
	politsmk.blogspot.com /2006/03/what-about-afghanistan.html (657 words)

	Cultural Groups - The People of Pakistan - Pakistan - Asia
		Pashtuns are divided into many tribes, and their tribal structure is egalitarian.
		Pashtun identity, including their interpretation of Islamic law, is formulated and guided by Pashtunwali.
		The code is based on the absolute obligations of providing hospitality and sanctuary, even to one’s enemies, and exacting revenge at all costs in the defense of one’s honor.
	www.countriesquest.com /asia/pakistan/the_people_of_pakistan/cultural_groups.htm (818 words)

	PashtunFoundation.org
		The Central and Core tenet of Pashtunwali is..
		The short answer to this question is that Pashtunwali determines the way of life of the Pashtun people, my people.
		All the other tenets of Pashtunwali derive from Nang or honor.
	en.pashtunfoundation.org /bodytext.php?request=195 (474 words)

	Bajaur: Tribe and Custom Continue to Protect al-Qaeda
		Under Pashtunwali, al-Zawahiri is considered part of the family and the tribe and he must be protected with the lives of the tribesmen.
		The tribes straddling the border area are drawn to two basic tenets: Pashtunwali and Islam.
		Giving shelter to a fellow Pashtun or Muslim is a Pashtunwali tradition and an Islamic duty.
	www.jamestown.org /terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2369868 (982 words)

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