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Topic: Passenger Pigeon

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	Passenger Pigeon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The last wild Passenger Pigeon was shot by a 14-year-old boy in Ohio in March of 1900.
		The April 27, 1948 episode of the Fibber McGee and Molly radio program is titled "The Passenger Pigeon Trap", in which McGee claims to have seen a Passenger Pigeon (he insists that the bird is "stinct") and plans to trap it in order to sell it to the highest bidder.
		In "The Man Trap," the premiere episode of Star Trek, Professor Crater likens the near-extinction of the inhabiatants of planet M113 to the demise of the passenger pigeon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Passenger_Pigeon (809 words)

	Bagheera: An Endangered Species and Endangered Animal Online Education Resource
		The reasons that the passenger pigeon was unable to recover from the period of overexploitation are not fully known.
		Passenger pigeons were one of the most important food resources for numerous carnivores, such as foxes, lynx, raccoons, marten and mink, and for several raptors, such as falcons and hawks.
		One of the things that died with the passenger pigeon was the phenomenon of its migration, the endless sea of birds flening the sky.
	www.bagheera.com /inthewild/ext_pigeon.htm (791 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Passenger Pigeon - Ectopistes migratorius
		The Passenger Pigeon on the right-hand picture is of an adult female with a characteristic erect pose.
		Passenger pigeons were the major food source for Native Americans in the eastern regions of North America, therefore it is not impossible that one of the reasons for the systematic killing of the Passenger Pigeon was to deprive the American Indians of an important source of nourishment.
		The Passenger Pigeon: Bird-Lore 1913 – Recollections of the Passenger Pigeon in Captivity.
	home.conceptsfa.nl /~pmaas/rea/passengerpigeon.htm (1304 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian:Passenger Pigeon
		The iris of the adult mourning dove is dark brown; that of the adult male passenger pigeon was bright red, and the female’s was orange.
		The range of the passenger pigeon in its migrations was from central Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to the uplands of Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida.
		The habitat of the passenger pigeon was mixed hardwood forests.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/nmnh/passpig.htm (2120 words)

	The Passenger Pigeon 1913-1914
		In the spring of 1878, the waning flocks established nestings near Petosky, in Emmet County, Michigan, to the south of this in the swampy woodlands of the Manistee River, and near Sheffield, in Warren County, Pennsylvania.
		The female of this, as of all other Pigeons, was more quiet than the male in both voice and movement, and distinguishable from him even when motion-less by a characteristic shyness in her attitude, especially in the pose of her head.
		As Pigeons were sometimes overwhelmed by unseasonable snow-storms in the breeding season in the United States, they must have been still more subject to them in northern Canada; and if they were driven by persecution to the far north to breed, they might have been unable to raise young during the succeeding summers.
	members.tripod.com /megapigeon/passengers/passengers1913.html (7890 words)

	Passenger Pigeon
		Also known as wild PIGEON, this largish, long-tailed species (family Columbidae) was once abundant, nesting in vast, densely populated colonies and migrating in flocks that, at times, darkened the sky for hours or even days.
		Because only one egg per clutch was being laid, the passenger pigeon's reproductive potential was inadequate to maintain the sadly decreased and scattered populations that remained late in the 19th century.
		In Canada, the passenger pigeon was a summer resident, nesting from the Maritimes through southern Québec, Ontario, Manitoba, central-eastern Saskatchewan and probably parts of Alberta.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006133 (204 words)

	The Passenger Pigeon
		The Passenger Pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the Wild Pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wings, which it brings more or less near to the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required.
		The air was literally filled with Pigeons; the light of noon-day was obscured as by an eclipse, the dung fell in spots, not unlike melting flakes of snow; and the continued buzz of wings had a tendency to lull my senses to repose.
		Like the domestic Pigeon and other species, they caress each other by billing, in which action, the bill of the one is introduced transversely into that of the other, and both parties alternately disgorge the contents of their crop by repeated efforts.
	www.abirdshome.com /Audubon/VolV/00505.html (3983 words)

	Passenger pigeon met demise 100 years ago
		The Southworth passenger pigeon survives today as a specimen at the Ohio Historical Society in Columbus; it is called Buttons, because the woman who prepared the specimen used fl shoe buttons for its eyes.
		Environmentalists and conservation groups all point to the passenger pigeon and its extinction as a benchmark, as a lesson in the perils of arrogance.
		Passenger pigeons were a super-abundant bird, perhaps the most populous bird ever to inhabit the planet and certainly North America, A.W. Schorger, in his definitive book on the life history of passenger pigeons (The Passenger Pigeon: Its Natural History and Extinction, 1955), estimates its population at 3 to 5 billion birds before they declined.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/2000/03/24/loc_passenger_pigeon.html (1074 words)

	Passenger Pigeon & Carolina Parakeet - Vanished Birds
		Passenger Pigeons flocked in thick clouds, and sometimes flew in layers or in a single dense sheet; they were likened to moving rivers.
		It is estimated by some authorities that the Passenger Pigeon made up 20 to 40% of the total populations of the United States, with an estimated population of 3 to 5 billion—easily the largest species population on Earth at the time of their existence.
		Passenger Pigeons dressed and packed on ice in barrels, at the rate of 25 to 35 dozen per barrel, could be shipped from New York to Chicago in 48 hours.
	www.chattoogariver.org /index.php?req=birds&quart=Sp2000 (2137 words)

	The Passenger Pigeon
		Passenger Pigeons were denizens of the once great deciduous forests of the eastern United States.
		To attract their brethren, captive pigeons, their eyes sewn shut, were set up as decoys on small perches called stools (which is the origin of the term stool pigeon for one who betrays colleagues).
		In any case, the fate of the Passenger Pigeon illustrates a very important principle of conservation biology: it is not always necessary to kill the last pair of a species to force it to extinction.
	www.stanford.edu /group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Passenger_Pigeon.html (806 words)

	PASSENGER PIGEON
		According to an early settler in Virginia: "There are wild pigeons in winter beyond number or imagination, myself have seen three or four hours together flocks in the air, so thick that even have they shadowed the sky from us." These flocks were so densely packed that a single shot could bring down 30-40 birds.
		Passenger Pigeons were highly social and bred in large colonies covering from 30 square miles to around 800 square miles of forest, with up to 100 nests in a single tree.
		Most of the remaining 250,000 Passenger Pigeons were killed for sport in a single day in 1896; the shooters knew they were shooting the last wild flock and this gave the sport a special "last chance to shoot" thrill.
	www.messybeast.com /extinct/passenger.htm (1025 words)

	Passenger Pigeon Memorial Hut, Cincinnati, Ohio
		In 1878, for example, a flock of Passenger Pigeons in Petoskey, Michigan, were shot and clubbed to death at a rate of 50,000 birds a day, every day, for nearly five months.
		By 1900 the billions of wild Passenger Pigeons had been reduced to one last survivor -- and it was shotgunned by a 14-year-old Ohio farm boy who saw it eating his corn.
		The Passenger Pigeon shotgunned by that farm boy, however, is still on display.
	www.roadsideamerica.com /attract/OHCINmartha.html (647 words)

	Georgia Wildlife Web Site; birds: Ectopistes migratorius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Passenger Pigeon was mostly a colonial nesting species, with up to 100 nests in an individual nest tree grouped into a colony spanning up to hundreds of square miles.
		The Passenger Pigeon was once the most abundant bird in North America, with numbers estimated as high as 5 billion birds, but it is now extinct.
		Passenger Pigeons were hunted for their market value as a food source, and new weapons helped increase the number taken.
	museum.nhm.uga.edu /gawildlife/birds/columbiformes/emigratorius.html (412 words)

	Passenger Pigeons
		Passenger Pigeons lived in the eastern United States from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, breeding in their northern habitats and wintering in the southern part of their range.
		During the years of westward expansion, enormous numbers of eastern chestnut and oak trees, the main source of food for the Passenger Pigeon, were cleared to make way for farms, homesteads, and towns.
		With the extension of the railroad in the 1850s, the pigeons could be easily shipped to city markets, increasing the numbers in which they were hunted.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/expeditions/treasure_fossil/Treasures/Passenger_Pigeons/pigeons.html?dinos (238 words)

	pigeon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Passenger Pigeon, or Migrating Dove (Ectopistes migratorius) was the most numerous and successful species of bird to ever exist on earth.
		Pigeon hunting was a full-time job for thousands of men, who used the telegraph to report on the movements of the huge flocks.
		The last Passenger Pigeon to ever be seen in the wild was shot by a young boy on March 24th, 1900, in Pike County, Ohio.
	users.aristotle.net /~swarmack/pigeon.html (557 words)

	Passenger Pigeon - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Passenger Pigeon, common name for an extinct migratory bird belonging to the pigeon family.
		The feral or street pigeon and the rock dove are...
		- extinct pigeon: a migratory pigeon that was abundant in the early 19th century but became extinct in the early 20th century from hunting and forest clearance.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Passenger_Pigeon.html (142 words)

	Demise of passenger pigeon may be linked to rise of Lyme disease
		The passenger pigeon, in actuality, is believed by a growing number of experts to be a major indicator of changing human populations before, during and after the European conquest and the subsequent effect on the populations of other species.
		The last wild Passenger Pigeon was shot by a 14-year-old boy in Ohio in 1900, while the last known individual of the passenger pigeon species, named "Martha" after Martha Washington, died at 1 p.m.
		The passenger pigeon, once a symbol of natural, albeit ultimately unnatural bounty, is also a symbol of humanity's capacity to squander in instances of abundance.
	news.mongabay.com /2005/1114-tina_butler_pigeon.html (1359 words)

	Passenger Pigeon
		The passenger pigeon had pinkish tinted gray feathers, red eyes and feet, and a fl bill.
		Passenger pigeons lived in Ohio throughout the year, but they were most numerous during spring and summer.
		The last passenger pigeon killed in Ohio was in 1900, in Pike County.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1059 (430 words)

	Martha, Passenger Pigeon. Roadside Pet Cemetery
		It was clear that she was the last passenger pigeon, and scientists frantically tried to breed her, offering thousands of dollars to anyone who would come forward with a mate.
		The Passenger Pigeon Memorial, a National Historic Landmark, is in a quiet corner of the Cincinnati Zoo.
		It displays a bronze of Martha, as well as the body of the last wild passenger pigeon ever seen -- which was shot by a boy in Sargents, Ohio.
	www.roadsideamerica.com /pet/martha.html (270 words)

	Passenger Pigeon - Uncyclopedia
		These special kinds of pigeon were unable to fly, and thus were by necessity forced to ride on the backs of other pigeons (namely, the carrier pigeon).
		How a regular pigeon becomes a Passenger Pigeon is still a complete mystery for bamboozled scientists.
		The Passenger Pigeon had problems with maintaining their balance when riding other pigeons, which resulted in millions of Passenger Pigeons falling off of the pigeons they were riding, and helplessly plunging thousands of meters to certain death.
	www.uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Passenger_pigeon (213 words)

	The Cryptid Zoo: Passenger Pigeon
		Like the dodo, the passenger pigeon is one of the world's most famous extinct animals.
		Passenger pigeons once darkened the skies in such numbers that people who witnessed the sight could hardly believe it.
		The last passenger pigeon to be acknowledged as real by the scientific establishment died in 1914.
	www.newanimal.org /passenger.htm (453 words)

	Extinction of the American Passenger Pigeon -- The True Story
		The Passenger Pigeon was described by Linne in the latter part of the 18th century; but was well known in America many years before.
		The early settlers in Virginia found the Pigeons in winter "beyond number or imagination." The Plymouth colony was threatened with famine in 1643, when great flocks of Pigeons swept down upon the ripened corn and beat down and ate "a very great quantity of all sorts of English grain".
		Audubon estimated the number of pigeons passing overhead (in a flock one mile wide) for three hours, traveling at the rate of a mile a minute, allowing two pigeons to the square yard, a one billion, one hundred and fifteen million, one hundred and thirty-six thousand....
	www.wildbirds.org /apidesay.htm (2678 words)

	The Passenger Pigeon
		The passenger pigeon became extinct in the wild by 1900 at the latest, and the last known individual, a female named Martha, died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914.
		To feed their hordes, the pigeons needed a large area of forest that was enjoying a great year, a year when every oak produced an abundance of acorns.
		A passenger pigeon was too stressed to function unless it had millions of its fellows right in its face.
	www.press.uchicago.edu /Misc/Chicago/779939pass.html (1906 words)

	Pennsylvania Game Commission - State Wildlife Management Agency: Passenger Pigeon
		Passenger pigeon numbers began to slip in some areas during the mid 1800s.
		But those people familiar with wild pigeons knew it was loss of vital habitat coupled with excessive hunting and trapping that had caused the extinction.
		The Passenger Pigeon was found statewide as a transient (migrant).
	www.pgc.state.pa.us /pgc/cwp/view.asp?a=486&q=152540 (1287 words)

	The Passenger Pigeon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Not only were the sheer numbers of the pigeons spectacular, the speed at which the pigeons flew was also remarkable.
		But, by far the biggest reason for the decline, was hunting by man. Many passenger pigeons were shot for their excellent meat.
		The last legitimate record of a wild Passenger Pigeon was in 1900 in Ohio.
	home.bresnan.net /~to9y/pigeons/ppigeon.html (428 words)

	Birds: The Passenger Pigeon
		Audubon observed that is was almost entirely influenced in its migrations by the abundance of its food, that temperature had little to do with it, as they not infrequently moved northward in large columns as early as the 7th of March, with a temperature twenty degrees below the freezing point.
		The Wild Pigeon is remarkable for its ease and grace, whether on the ground or the limbs of trees.
		Goss says (1891) that the Passenger Pigeon is still to be found in numbers within the Indian Territory and portions of the southern states, and in Kansas a few breed occasionally in the Neosho Valley.
	www.birdnature.com /jan1898/passengerpigeon.html (346 words)

	Passenger Pigeon
		The Passenger Pigeon, once probably the most numerous bird on the planet, made its home in the billion or so acres of primary forest that once covered North America east of the Rocky Mountains.
		Gone with the Passenger Pigeon are the Carolina Parakeet, which met its demise about four years later.
		Audubon wrote, perhaps prophetically, about the Passenger Pigeon: "When an individual is seen gliding through the woods and close to the observer, it passes like a thought, and on trying to see it again, the eye searches in vain; the bird is gone."
	www.wbu.com /chipperwoods/photos/passpigeon.htm (667 words)

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