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	Passphrase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Passphrases are often used to control both access to, and operation of, cryptographic programs and systems.
		Passphrases are particularly applicable to systems that use the passphrase as an encryption key.
		You should have your passphrase ready before creating your PGP or GPG key or opening a new Hushmail account as 'inventing' a passphrase whilst entering it is a poor practice, very likely to lead to poor or quickly forgotten passphrases, and therefore poor security.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Passphrase (1190 words)

	What is the passphrase and what is it used for?
		The passphrase is an integral part of SecureLogin's security architecture, as it secures a user's secrets; the usernames and passwords they use to authenticate to applications.
		Passphrases can contain any question/answer combination, but should be known only by the user, and not easily guessed.
		Once the passphrase is set, a random key is generated and a one-way hash of the passphrase answer is used to encrypt this key.
	www.protocom.com /html/kbase/sso/kb0102pslsso.html (556 words)

	Passphrase Recommendations
		English or foreign words may be included in your passphrase, but if they are, then I would recommend mixing upper and lower case within some or all of the words, and would also recommend including additional upper and lower case letters elsewhere within the passphrase that are not part of these words.
		Since your passphrase will generally be much shorter than your private key, then (3) would be a far easier attack than (1), but would have the same effect of gaining access to all of your encrypted data.
		It is up to you to decide which type of passphrase you prefer (character strings or word phrases), which may vary from person to person depending on typing speed, memory, frequency of use, and other factors.
	www.ephesus.com /Encryption/Passphrase.html (2262 words)

	Diceware Passphrase Home Page
		A passphrase is a bunch of words and characters that you type in to your computer to let it know for sure that the person typing is you.
		Passphrases are used with Wi-Fi wireless network security systems like WPA and WPA2, when used in personal shared key (PSK) mode.
		Using a passphrase as an answer to a required "security question" (like "What city were you born in?") protects you against attempts to discover your answer.
	world.std.com /~reinhold/diceware.html (2820 words)

	Computer security method and apparatus - Patent 6986050 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The cryptographic key is again derived from the passphrase or used to access the passphrase, and the data decrypted by applying the key to the data using an inverse transformation.
		To ensure adequate security, the passphrase should be a string of at least 18 alphanumeric characters (although a user may select fewer characters if he or she is willing to accept a lower level of security).
		The authenticity of the key and passphrase are confirmed by the ability of the key decrypt previously encrypted data (or by calculating a cryptographic checksum of the passphrase or the cryptographic keys with a hash function, and comparing that result with a similar checksum stored previously on the system).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6986050.html (3337 words)

	PassPhrase Test
		PassPhrases shall be at least 8 characters in length and contain characters from 3 of the 4 character classes below:
		A PassPhrase can be a sentence where you select the first letter of each word as your password.
		A PassPhrase can also be an entire sentence with numbers and symbols added.
	www.ecu.edu /cs-itcs/itsecurity/PassPhrase-Test.cfm (148 words)

	CompuServe's Remote Passphrase Authentication Reference Site
		Remote Passphrase Authentication is designed to provide a way to authenticate a user to a service by using a passphrase over an insecure network, without revealing the passphrase to eavesdroppers.
		However, it's often useful to use passphrases in the conventional, textual sense, so we define a procedure for converting a textual phrase to the 128-bit value used by the authentication mechanism.
		No one can determine the user's passphrase from a captured response, because it's generated by a one-way function, although there is the risk of a dictionary attack if Pu is based on a poorly chosen pass phrase.
	www.compuserve.com /rpa/rpa1.htm (3794 words)

	Passphrase FAQ: Passphrase attackers (in Security > Passphrase FAQ @ iusmentis.com)
		If your passphrase is anywhere on the hard drive then they have the key to all of the files encrypted to you.
		Writing your passphrase is a breach of security if care is not taken.
		A simple technique with an ordinary pencil will grab a passphrase from a pad of paper after the top sheet where the actual writing took place is removed.
	www.iusmentis.com /security/passphrasefaq/attackers (1734 words)

	What is a SecureLogin passphrase and what is it used for?
		The passphrase is an integral part of SecureLogin's security architecture, as it secures a user's Single Sign-on data including the usernames and passwords they use to authenticate to applications.
		In version 5 and later, the passphrase security system can be hidden or set to no so users do not have to enter a passphrase question or answer by setting the following preference at the container, group policy or user object level.
		However, with user defined passphrases off, a security hole may exist where an Active Directory administrator is able to reset a user's Active Directory password, logon as the user, and access their Single Sign-on data.
	www.protocom.com /html/kbase/sso/kb0306pslsso.html (591 words)

	ITSO: Passphrase Vaulting
		Since the passphrase keeping program stores passphrases using reversible encryption, if an attacker is somehow able to obtain the raw password vault file, your password vault passphrase is the only thing stopping her from decrypting the contents of the file.
		All of the passphrases in the passphrase vault can be displayed on the screen for the user or placed in memory (as clear text) for the computer.
		If your passphrases are stored in a clear text file on the hard drive while the passphrase vault is in use, that temporary file may leave traces behind that an attacker would be able to find.
	itso.iu.edu /Passphrase_Vaulting (1013 words)

	Passwords and passphrases - Knowledge Base
		Passphrases operate on the same principle as passwords, and are used in exactly the same way.
		While passwords can frequently be as short as 8, 6, or even 4 characters, passphrases have larger minimum lengths and, in practice, typical passphrases might be 20 or 30 characters long or longer.
		You are not required to change your password to a passphrase at this time; however, with the greater security afforded by passphrases, you should consider changing as soon as possible.
	kb.iu.edu /data/acpu.html (936 words)

	Diceware Passphrase FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For this reason, a passphrase consisting entirely of random characters may be a better bet for UK residents.
		If you use a four-word passphrase, it should be at least 11 characters in length, including the spaces between the words; for six words, at least 17 characters; for seven words, at least 20 characters.
		If your passphrase is too short, you could just select another word to make the short passphrase longer, but since the passphrase will consist almost entirely of two letter combinations, and therefore will be very hard to remember, I recommend selecting a new passphrase from scratch.
	world.std.com /~reinhold/dicewarefaq.html (7847 words)

	PGP Passphrase FAQ
		However, the conflict between choosing an easy-to-remember key and choosing a key with a high level of entropy is not a hopeless task if we exploit mnemonic devices that have been used for a long time outside the field of cryptography.
		This technique is permissable because the passphrase, by its nature, is never revealed to anyone with sensibilities to be offended.
		When you are permitted to use passphrases of arbitrary length (in PGP for example) it is not necessary to further perturb your 'shocking nonsense' passphrase to include numbers or special symbols because the pool of word choices is already very high.
	www.virtualschool.edu /mon/Crypto/PGPPassPhraseFAQ.html (1196 words)

	Passphrase Keeper FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The actual sequence that Passphrase Keeper pastes in is to let it move from one field to the next in a web-based form.
		Once Passphrase Keeper is installed and registered on your PC, simply copy the Passphrase Keeper folder (by default, C:\Program Files\Passphrase Keeper) and any databases you want to take with you to your USB flash drive.
		Remember, your Passphrase Keeper license allows you to run the program from more than one PC as long as you are only using it on one PC at a time.
	www.swidgets.com /ppkfaq.htm (2429 words)

	Selecting a Passphrase - Pass Phrase FAQ - Vanish.org
		This assumes normal English structure, only lower case letters and spaces for the passphrase and for the calculation purposes, all spaces are ignored in the passphrase.
		This is a decent way to generate a passphrase except that it is kind of hard to remember sometimes.
		Many have found that their perfect passphrase was completely useless when PGP was only getting the first word.
	www.vanish.org /security/ppfaq.htm (5139 words)

	Mailcrypt: An EMACS Interface to PGP: Passphrase Cache
		Mailcrypt can remember your passphrase so that you need not type it repeatedly.
		It will also "forget" your passphrase if it has not been used in a while, thus trading some security for some convenience.
		So be sure to type at least 100 characters after typing your passphrase if you plan to leave your terminal unattended.
	www.xemacs.org /Documentation/packages/html/mailcrypt_4.html (210 words)

	The passphrase FAQ (in Security @ iusmentis.com)
		A passphrase is basically a sentence or phrase that serves as a more secure password.
		A passphrase could be a complete sentence, preferably a nonsensical one.
		Passwords are different than passphrases due to length.
	www.iusmentis.com /security/passphrasefaq (194 words)

	resist : security : good passphrase hygiene
		When choosing your passphrase, use random characters, combining upper and lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation and special characters (~!@#$ etc.).
		Wordlists used to crack passwords are often very sophisticated while the average spellcheck word list is about 100k a typical hackers' word list is in the neighborhood of 130 Meg so you can imagine what the forces of darkness have.
		Don't use the name of your computer or any combination of words that are visible from your computer station as part of your passphrase.
	security.resist.ca /pswdhygn.shtml (464 words)

	EDGAR Filer Notice: Passphrases Are Needed Beginning April 26, 2004
		The Passphrase format follows the same rules as the other access codes: it must be exactly eight characters in length and include at least one number and one special character.
		Once the Passphrase has been created, it will be added to the company information and can be used to manage the other codes.
		Once the Passphrase has been added to the system for the log on CIK, the filer will not be asked again for the Passphrase.
	www.sec.gov /info/edgar/ednews/passphrase041204.htm (354 words)

	Passphrase
		Similar to a password, a passphrase is a secret phrase that helps protect accounts, files, folders and any other confidential information.
		Passphrases contain spaces, are generally several words, and usually also contain numeric characters.
		For example: "2 be or not 2 be?" is an example of a passphrase.
	www.computerhope.com /jargon/p/passphra.htm (97 words)

	What is IU's Passphrase Maintenance utility? - Knowledge Base
		Indiana University's Passphrase Maintenance utility is a web site from which you can change your passphrases simultaneously on most UITS shared central systems.
		Note: Be aware that when you change your Network ID passphrase, you may have to wait up to 20 minutes for all systems to recognize the new passphrase.
		You can use it to set a completely new passphrase or to resynchronize your passphrase so that it is the same on all systems.
	kb.iu.edu /data/ajog.html (267 words)

	Changing or resetting a group or departmental account passphrase
		All accounts associated with the Network ID will be set to this new passphrase; you can use the Passphrase Maintenance page to either change all your passphrases at once, or to synchronize all accounts under your Network ID to the same passphrase.
		If you are not the account owner and you would like to change the passphrase on an IU Bloomington group account, you must obtain permission in writing from the account owner.
		If you are not the account owner and you would like to change the passphrase on an IUPUI group account, the department chairperson must contact the Support Center to request a change in ownership.
	www.indiana.edu /~oseuser2/scripts/ose.cgi?agib.def.help (676 words)

	Passphrase Guidelines for ARSC
		Passphrases and passwords are critical elements of network and computer security.
		You only need one passphrase for all ARSC systems and it can be up to 255 characters long.
		The basis of your passphrase can be something well-known, but give it a personal twist.
	www.arsc.edu /support/policy/password.html (396 words)

	WEPIN Store
		This assumes only lower case letters and spaces for the passphrase and for the calculation purposes, all spaces are ignored in the passphrase [1a].
		This is a decent way to generate a passphrase except that it is kind of hard to remember.
		For those using multitasking, your passphrase is probably on the hard drive in plain sight somewhere.
	www.wepin.com /pgp/passfraz.html (3883 words)

	Lost passphrase \| GnuPG \| users
		Wouldn't be much point in the passphrase if there were a way..
		Otherwise the passphrase will have no meaning at all.
		passphrase, you can make a "smarter" brute-force engine.
	www.gossamer-threads.com /lists/gnupg/users/37021 (369 words)

	Changing passphrases
		We are required to specify the type, "-t dsa" and then to enter our old passphrase and new passphrase twice to confirm the correct entry before the change takes place.
		NOTE: If you forget your old passphrase, you will have to destroy the existing key pair and generate a new key pair using ssh-keygen.
		The essential point in passphrase selection is to compose a passphrase that is easy to remember but difficult for anyone else to guess.
	www.cisl.ucar.edu /docs/ssh/guide/node11.html (212 words)

	passphrase \| Clipperz
		Roger has plenty of evidences to support his analysis, nonetheless Ping’s idea could lead to the development of very effective software add-ons aiming to bridge the need for high levels of entropy with the human attitudes toward simplicity.
		Each add-on should generate a new truly random password together with an easy to remember passphrase, the latter acting as a mnemonic key to the complex password.
		Then the only problem left is how to remember each computer generated passphrase for tens of online and offline accounts.
	www.clipperz.com /tags/passphrase (545 words)

	Protect your passwords, and other sensitive data with Passphrase Keeper
		Passphrase Keeper securely stores all your account information using powerful Blowfish encryption.
		Finally I can keep track of usernames and passwords in a neat organized way." S.K. "Passphrase Keeper is a great tool.
		I have been using 'Password Safe' for some time now, but Passphrase Keeper is far more superior to it." R.P. "I love your Passphrase Keeper program.
	www.panicware.com /product_ppk.html (259 words)

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