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Topic: Pasteur Bizimungu

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	Pasteur Bizimungu - MSN Encarta
		Pasteur Bizimungu, born in 1951, president of Rwanda (1994-2000).
		After the RPF gained control of the country in July, Bizimungu was appointed president for a five-year term, although many members of the opposition believed that real power in Rwanda lay in the hands of former rebel commander Paul Kagame, who held the posts of vice president and defense minister in the transitional government.
		Bizimungu’s term was prolonged in 1999 when the government extended the transitional period another five years.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761584042/Pasteur_Bizimungu.html (368 words)

	Pasteur Bizimungu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pasteur Bizimungu (born 1950) was the President of Rwanda from July 19, 1994 until March 23, 2000.
		Bizimungu, as deputy leader of the RPF, eventually came into a conflict with Kagame amid growing differences with the government over its policies and what he saw as an unwarranted crackdown on dissent.
		Bizimungu was placed under house arrest for continuing the operations of the party on April 19, 2002 and charged with endangering the state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pasteur_Bizimungu (375 words)

	Pasteur Bizimungu - Biocrawler
		Pasteur Bizimungu (born 1950) was the President of Rwanda from July 19 1994 until March 23 2000.
		Bizimungu, as deputy leader of the RPF, eventually came into a conflict with Kagame amid growing differences with the government over its policies and what he saw as an unwarranted crackdown on dissent.
		Bizimungu wasplaced under house arrest for continuing the operations of the party on April 19, 2002 and charged with endangering the state.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pasteur_Bizimungu (348 words)

	Ex-leader 'must get life'
		Bizimungu was sentenced to 15 years in jail after his June 2004 conviction for criminal association, embezzlement and incitement to civil disobedience.
		Bizimungu, who was president from 1994 to 2000, and his co-defendants, claimed they were the victims of persecution by the government after they attempted to start a new political party in 2002.
		Bizimungu, 55 and a Hutu, was installed as Rwanda's president in a gesture of reconciliation by the Tutsi rebel group that seized power in 1994 and put an end to three months of genocide in which some 800 000, mainly Tutsis, were slaughtered.
	www.news24.com /News24/AnanziArticle/0,,2-11-1447_1846300,00.html (313 words)

	rwanda_bizimungu_sentenced
		Bizimungu's trial started in April after nearly one-and-a-half years in detention but the prosecution accused him of deliberately stalling his trial by filing appeals for the dismissal of the charges and for bail.
		Bizimungu, a Hutu, was seen as a symbol of reconciliation in Rwanda after the 1994 genocide in which Hutu militias and soldiers killed at least 937,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus in a 100 days, according to the government.
		Pasteur Bizimungu was sentenced to fifteen years for inciting civil disobedience (five years), associating with criminal elements (five years) and embezzlement of state funds (five years).
	www.africanindependent.com /rwanda_bizimungu_sentenced.html (1052 words)

	Rwanda: Government slams door on political life and civil society - Amnesty International
		Pasteur Bizimungu was sentenced to fifteen years for inciting civil disobedience (five years), associating with criminal elements (five years) and embezzlement of state funds (five years).
		"Pasteur Bizimungu and Charles Ntakirutinka are political prisoners and possible prisoners of conscience and should therefore either be released or retried promptly and according to international standards for fair trial" Amnesty International urged.
		The defence attorney for Pasteur Bizimungu and Charles Ntakirutinka was detained for 24 hours for "contempt of court" after pointing out that Charles Ntakirutinka had not been allowed to address an issue that had been raised by Pasteur Bizimungu.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGAFR470122004 (764 words)

	Rwanda's ex-president freed from prison - Boston.com
		Pasteur Bizimungu was jailed in 2004 after a trial critics said was politically motivated.
		Cooperation between Bizimungu, a Hutu, and Kagame, a Tutsi, was intended to symbolize post-genocide reconciliation.
		Bizimungu, who is in his mid-fifties, joined the RPF in 1990, when it was a rebel group fighting to overthrow the regime of late president Juvenal Habyarimana, whose death set off the genocide after a rocket downed his plane.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2007/04/06/rwandas_ex_president_freed_from_prison?mode=PF (434 words)

	Search Results for Pasteur - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Although Pasteur was partially paralyzed in 1868 and applied for retirement from the university, he continued his researches.
		French bacteriologist, pupil of Louis Pasteur, and codeveloper with Camille Guérin of the tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).
		Pasteur was the descendant of generations of tanners.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Pasteur&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (416 words)

	Mr. Pasteur Bizimungu, a former rwandan president, owes the world an explanation for crimes committed by his rwandan ...
		Pasteur Bizimungu be tried for the crimes he committed as an official of the Rwandan Patriotic Front, its spokesperson and vice- president, and later as the President of Rwanda.
		Bizimungu continued to lead a government responsible for the crimes, harbored criminals, and continued to seek and promote the adulation of the international community for the regime.
		Bizimungu said that the population had harbored criminals and deserved to be punished for it.
	www.inshuti.org /bizimun5.htm (1126 words)

	Former Rwandan pres arrested
		Bizimungu (51), a Hutu, was the first president of Rwanda's government of national unity that was formed after the 1994 genocide in Rwanda in which more than 500 000 minority Tutsis and politically moderate Hutus were killed.
		Bizimungu resigned as president in March 2000 after disputes over the prosecution of ministers accused of corruption and mismanagement.
		Bizimungu's arrest comes less than two weeks after Kagame publicly warned the former president that the government's patience "is not infinite" and he should refrain from party politics which is banned under the current transitional constitution.
	www.news24.com /News24/AnanziArticle/0,,2-1659_1171225,00.html (421 words)

	Pasteur Bizimungu - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		A member of the Hutu ethnic group, Bizimungu was educated in Rwandan schools,...
		Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895), world-renowned French chemist and biologist, who founded the science of microbiology, proved the germ theory of...
		Bizimungu had always distanced himself from the excesses of the Hutu regime
	encarta.msn.com /Pasteur_Bizimungu.html (155 words)

	Rwanda: Historic Ruling Expected for Former President and Seven Others (Human Rights Watch, 16-1-2006)
		Bizimungu and former Public Works Minister Charles Ntakirutinka are also appealing convictions on charges of spreading rumors to incite rebellion against the government; in addition Bizimungu is appealing a conviction on the charge of embezzling government funds.
		In addition, Bizimungu and Ntakirutinka were convicted of spreading rumors to incite rebellion against the government and Bizimungu was found guilty of embezzling government funds.
		The defendants appealed to have the convictions overturned and the prosecution appealed to have the acquittals reversed and the punishment increased.
	www.hrw.org /english/docs/2006/01/16/rwanda12429.htm (1172 words)

	Mr. Pasteur Bizimungu, a former rwandan president, owes the world an explanation for crimes committed by his rwandan ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pasteur Bizimungu be tried for the crimes he committed as an official of the Rwandan Patriotic Front, its spokesperson and vice- president, and later as the President of Rwanda.
		Bizimungu continued to lead a government responsible for the crimes, harbored criminals, and continued to seek and promote the adulation of the international community for the regime.
		Bizimungu said that the population had harbored criminals and deserved to be punished for it.
	www2.minorisa.es /inshuti/bizimun5.htm (1126 words)

	Former Rwandan leader gets 15 years \| WORLD \| NEWS \| tvnz.co.nz
		Jun 8, 2004 8:26 AM A Rwandan court sentenced former President Pasteur Bizimungu to 15 years in jail on Monday for creating a militia, embezzling state funds and inciting ethnic violence in a country still scarred by the 1994 genocide.
		Bizimungu, thought to be in his 50s, received the sentence for threatening national security with the creation of a militia group, embezzling at least $US100,000 meant for genocide orphans and inciting ethnic violence.
		The double-act of Bizimungu, a French-speaking Hutu, and Kagame, an English-speaking Tutsi, was intended to symbolise post-genocide reconciliation.
	tvnz.co.nz /view/news_world_story_skin/429607?format=html (511 words)

	Rwanda - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Rwanda
		Pasteur Bizimungu – a senior FPR member, although himself a Hutu – was appointed as interim head of state.
		In August 1995 President Bizimungu dismissed Prime Minister Twagiramungu after the latter openly criticized the domination of his government by the FPR.
		The Hutu president, Pasteur Bizimungu, resigned in March 2000 after distancing himself from his Tutsi-dominated party, the Rwanda Patriotic Front.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Rwanda (1491 words)

	[No title]
		La condena del ex presidente ruandés Pasteur Bizimungu y otras siete personas es una prueba más de la voluntad del gobierno de socavar el sistema de justicia penal de Ruanda, en un intento de eliminar toda posible oposición política.
		Pasteur Bizimungu ha sido condenado a quince años de prisión por incitación a la desobediencia civil (cinco años), asociación con elementos delictivos (cinco años) y malversación de fondos públicos (cinco años).
		"Pasteur Bizimungu y Charles Ntakirutinka son presos políticos y posibles presos de conciencia y, por tanto, deben ser puestos en libertad o juzgados de nuevo sin dilación y con arreglo a las normas internacionales sobre imparcialidad procesal", instó Amnistía Internacional.
	www.amnestyusa.org /document.php?id=E5578386F2213057C1256EAF00418D09 (806 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Pasteur Bizimungu
		Bizimungu worked within the Hutu regime which ruled Rwanda (until 1994), including as director general of the national electricity company.
		After Habyarimana's death in a plane crash April 6, 1994 decades of complex ethnic, social and political hatreds were ignigted and led to the Rwandan genocide.
		Bizimungu wasplaced under house arrest for continuing the operations of the party on April 19, 2002 and charged with endangering the state.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Pasteur_Bizimungu (364 words)

	[No title]
		Pasteur Bizimungu, a former Rwandan President, calls his driver, Gashakiye, waiting for him at the workshop of Mr.
		During the attack, the Samurai was driven by Maurice, one of Bizimungu's former bodyguards.
		One of the assailants is RPA captain Butera, former commander of Bizimungu's escort.
	www.chez.com /cprgla/nouvelles/Bizimungu.htm (518 words)

	Former Rwandan president sentenced to 15 years (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A court sentenced former President Pasteur Bizimungu to 15 years in prison Monday for threatening national security, embezzling public funds and fomenting ethnic divisions as the nation sought to recover from the 1994 genocide.
		Bizimungu, 53, showed no emotion as the magistrate read the sentence, saying he had found the former president innocent on a separate charge of illegal possession of weapons.
		Bizimungu, who is a member of the Hutu majority, became president when Tutsi rebels ended the genocide and set up a government of national unity.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/news/archive/2004/06/07/international1211EDT0558.DTL&type=printable (196 words)

	Guardian \| Tutsi soldier to lead Rwanda
		He accepted the position of vice-president, under Mr Bizimungu, in the post-genocide government of national reconciliation in an attempt to reassure the Hutu majority that the RPF was not reimposing a minority Tutsi regime.
		Mr Bizimungu joined the RPF around the time it launched its invasion of Rwanda in 1990, after his brother, a colonel, was murdered by the Hutu government.
		Mr Bizimungu never persuaded the bulk of Rwandans that he was anything but a front man. Divisions came to a head over the appointment of a new government at the weekend when a close ally lost his seat in the cabinet.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,3978250-103681,00.html (502 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| world news Ex-Rwandan president gets 15 years
		Rwandan former president Pasteur Bizimungu was on Monday sentenced by a court in Kigali to 15 years in jail for diverting public funds, inciting civil disobedience and criminal association but cleared of the main charge against him, threatening state security.
		"I sentence Pasteur Bizimungu to five years for diverting public funds, five years for rumours inciting civil disobedience and five years for criminal association," declared presiding judge Fred Mulindwa, explaining that the jail terms would be served consecutively.
		Bizimungu and Ntakirutinka "are not guiltiy of sowing terror or preparing for war aimed at threatening state security", the judge added.
	iafrica.com /news/worldnews/327639.htm (230 words)

	[25 Jan 2000]: PRESS CONFERENCE BY PRESIDENT OF RWANDA
		Bizimungu, who was in New York to attend the Security Council debate on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, added that it was characteristic of the Clinton Administration not to marginalize African issues.
		Bizimungu underlined the importance of the report, which, he said, highlighted the failure of the international community to prevent the genocide.
		Bizimungu responded that part of the solution would be to ensure that those groups would not be rearmed or supplied with munitions.
	www.un.org /News/briefings/docs/2000/20000125.rwandapc.doc.html (908 words)

	News -- Jail term for ex-Rwandan leader
		Pasteur Bizimungu's trial was seen as a test of the judiciary's independence.
		Mr Bizimungu was one of only a handful of Hutus to join the Rwandan Patriotic Front - the RPF - the rebel movement formed among Tutsi exiles in Uganda.
		The BBC's Rob Walker in Rwanda says that the trial was seen as particularly sensitive for the authorities as Mr Bizimungu is one of the few moderate Hutu politicians to publicly oppose the government and remain in the country.
	odili.net /news/source/2004/jun/7/62.html (394 words)

	Rwandan former president taken into custody on dissent charges
		As Hutu head of state, Bizimungu was seen as a symbol of reconciliation in Rwanda after the 1994 genocide in which Hutu militias and soldiers massacred up to a million Tutsis and moderate Hutus, according to official figures.
		But Bizimungu resigned in March 2000, to be replaced as president by Kagame, amid growing differences with the government over its policies and what he saw as an unwarranted crackdown on dissent.
		Bizimungu was briefly placed under house arrest last June and stripped of his privileges as former head of state.
	www.namibian.com.na /2002/april/africa/02584861A0.html (425 words)

	Former president’s appeal case indecisive of court - Rwanda News Agency (RNA) - - News in rwanda
		Bizimungu at the High Court of Kigali, the prosecution was indecisive as to take the case to the Supreme Court rather than be judged at the high court while the defendants (Bizimungu and colleagues) were opting for their case to remain in the high court for the appeal.
		Bizimungu urges that, the Kigali Court of First Instance which convicted him did not rule as according to the law leading him to appeal.
		Bizimungu was convicted together with his former Minister of Public Works, Charles Ntakirutinka and other six men, in which they obtained 10 and 5 years respectively.
	www.rwandagateway.org /article.php3?id_article=333 (355 words)

	Rwandan ex-president sentenced to 15 years in jail - Sify.com
		Rwanda: Rwandan former leader Pasteur Bizimungu, a Hutu whose 1994-2000 presidency was meant to symbolise post-genocide ethnic reconciliation, was sentenced to 15 years in jail by a Kigali court on charges that covered inciting racial animosity.
		Bizimungu and Ntakirutinka "are not guilty of sowing terror or preparing for war aimed at threatening state security," the judge added.
		Bizimungu was appointed president as a gesture of national reconciliation, but hounded out of office in 2000.
	sify.com /fullstory.php?id=13493110 (493 words)

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