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	Patagonian toothfish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a large, slender fish found in the cold, temperate waters (from 50 to 3850m) of the Southern Atlantic, Southern Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans on seamounts and continental shelves around most sub-Antarctic islands.
		The Patagonian toothfish is found in the exclusive economic zone of the French Southern Territories (Kerguelen Islands).
		Patagonian toothfish feed largely on squid and prawns and, in turn, constitute a large part of the diets of sperm whales and Southern Elephant Seals, and has been suggested as prey for the colossal squid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Patagonian_toothfish (366 words)

	Case study
		The Patagonian toothfish is grey or brownish grey in colour with darker blotches.
		Patagonian toothfish eggs and larvae are pelagic, free swimming and float near the sea surface to about 500 m.
		Up to 96 per cent of Patagonian toothfish stocks are found in waters regulated by CCAMLR or Coastal State jurisdiction that include the EEZs of Argentina and Peru and waters adjacent to sub-Antarctic islands under the sovereignty of Australia, France, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom.
	www.lighthouse-foundation.org /lighthouse-foundation.org/eng/explorer/case_study.shtml (871 words)

	Toothfish: 10 Facts
		Toothfish are bottom-living, in depths of 300m to 2500m, but move off the bottom on occasion to feed.
		Toothfish eggs and larvae are pelagic (free swimming/floating near the sea surface) and the larvae feed on zooplankton.
		Commercial fishing of the Patagonian Toothfish is managed by CCAMLR (the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic and Marine Living Resources) around most of the sub-Antarctic Islands, but not off the southern coast of South America.
	www.nides.bc.ca /Assignments/Scavenge/Toothfish.htm (570 words)

	Fish Tales - What Fish is That - Department of Fisheries, Govt of Western Australia
		The Patagonian toothfish is considered one of the tastiest fish you can buy. It has distinctive white flesh, high in oils with an even texture. The main customers are Japan (where it is known as mero) and the USA (where it is known as Chilean sea bass).
		Little is known about the Patagonian toothfish. It is believed they grow to a maximum length of 2.2 metres and can reach maximum age of 50. A full-grown Patagonian toothfish can weigh up to 100 kilograms. Their bodies are brownish-grey with distinct darker blotches.
		Patagonian toothfish are a deep-sea (demersal) species found throughout large areas of the sub-Antarctic oceans, primarily the Southern Ocean and adjacent southern parts of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Patagonian toothfish survive in cold-water temperatures but are not found in waters colder than 2
	www.fish.wa.gov.au /fishtales/what/what_toothfish.htm (353 words)

	News in Science 7/2/2003 Patagonian toothfish may migrate between poles
		A Patagonian toothfish, a species thought to be exclusive to Antarctica, has been captured off Greenland in the Arctic circle - suggesting the cold-loving deepwater fish may migrate between polar regions.
		The Patagonian toothfish is known to migrate around the Antarctic, and has previously been found as far north as the southern Atlantic Ocean off Uruguay, 10,000 km from its usual home.
		The Patagonian toothfish is a prized catch by trawlers, and the fisheries around Antarctica are protected by catch limits enforced by members of the Antarctic Treaty.
	pandora.nla.gov.au /pan/10082/20030620/www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s778543.htm (532 words)

	TVE's Earth Report
		The Vikings: the involvement of Norwegian fishermen in illegal and unregulated longline fishing for Patagonian Toothfish in the Southern Ocean.
		The involvement of Mauritius in Patagonian Toothfish - illegal and unregulated longline fishing in the Southern Ocean.
		The Patagonian Toothfish, commonly known as sea bass, is being fished to extinction.
	www.tve.org /earthreport/archive/08May2000.html (903 words)

	Greenpeace: More Info
		The Patagonian toothfish is a truly remarkable fish that plays an important part in the Southern Ocean ecosystem.
		By 1994 fishing for Patagonian toothfish spread to the coast of Argentina.
		The moratorium should stay in place until the IUU fishery has been driven out, the remaining Toothfish stocks assessed for their ecological ability to support a commercial fishery, and regulations are in place to adequately manage “resumed” fisheries.
	archive.greenpeace.org /oceans/southernoceans/expedition2000/moreinfo/bg_toothfish.html (744 words)

	Patagonian toothfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a large, slender fish found in the cold,temperate waters (from 50 to 3850m) of the Southern Atlantic, Southern Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans on seamounts and continental shelves around mostsub- Antarctic islands.
		A commercial fishery exists for Patagonian Toothfish; themeat is sold under the trade names Chilean Sea Bass in the USA andmero in Japan, and high prices are paid for it.
		The average weight of acommercially caught toothfish is 9 kilograms (20 pounds) with adults reaching a maximum of 113 kilograms (250 pounds).
	www.therfcc.org /patagonian-toothfish-270889.html (255 words)

	Briefing Book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the U.S., the Patagonian toothfish is typically marketed as the Chilean sea bass; in other countries it is known under a variety of names such as mero or fl hake.
		Patagonian toothfish are caught by longlining, a fishing technique that deploys lines--some as long as 80 miles--which are loaded with hundreds to many thousands of baited hooks.
		Faced with this general failure to protect toothfish, the Commission adopted a Catch Documentation Scheme in late 1999 which requires that all landings, shipment, and importation of toothfish into the 23 CCAMLR member countries be accompanied by a catch-tracking document.
	www.seaweb.org /background/book/toothfish.html (936 words)

	A fish out of water_antarctic_patagonian_toothfish
		It was a Patagonian toothfish (Dissotichus eleginoides) known only in the cold oceans around Antarctica, confirmed Peter Møller, of the University of Copenhagen, and colleagues.
		Toothfish cannot tolerate water warmer than 11 °C, so to survive its trip across the equator, the team concludes, the animal must have slunk through chilly, deep-water currents that flow from north to south across the Atlantic.
		The toothfish was caught at a depth of 1,300 metres.
	www.eurocbc.org /page730.html (334 words)

	Chilean Sea Bass -- Patagonian toothfish
		The Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a large, slender fish found in the cold, temperate waters (from 50 to 3850m) of the Southern
		Called the "white gold of the Southern Oceans," illegal toothfish catches are unloaded at so-called "pirate ports" in countries such as Namibia,
		Patagonian toothfish feed largely on squid and prawns and, in turn, constitute a large part of the diets of
	edinformatics.com /culinaryarts/food_encyclopedia/chilean_sea_bass.htm (239 words)

	Oceans Alive - Patagonian Toothfish (Chilean sea bass)
		Patagonian toothfish are found in the southern Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
		Patagonian toothfish sold in the U.S. market are primarily from Chile, Argentina and Uruguay.
		Toothfish populations are in severe decline due to illegal pirate fishing spurred by international demand.
	www.oceansalive.org /eat.cfm?subnav=fishpage&fish=150 (319 words)

	CSIRO Marine Research
		The Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides), found in sub-Antarctic waters from Antarctica north to Patagonia, was discovered commercially only in the last decade, but is already the focus of increasing fishing pressure.
		Research on toothfish stocks in the area fished in 1997, together with early results from tagging and age determination research, enabled the Australian Antarctic Division to estimate the sustainable level of fishing in both newly discovered and established fishing grounds.
		Toothfish caught on the high seas and in non-Australian EEZs are caught by longline, which has also resulted in the deaths of albatross and other seabirds.
	www.marine.csiro.au /LeafletsFolder/24pat/24pat.html (1025 words)

	Ocean Update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Of 233 white-chinned petrels examined after being killed in toothfish fisheries, 83.3% were male; smaller samples of gray-headed mollymawks, yellow-nosed mollymawks, southern giant petrels and northern giant petrels yielded male percentages of 85.6, 78.3, 63.6, and 71.4.
		Whatever the reason, they conclude, the bias "exacerbates the effect of the Patagonian toothfish fishery on albatross and petrel populations breeding on subantarctic islands." This is particularly the case given the monogamous nature of the bird species involved.
		Consistent male-biased seabird mortality in the Patagonian toothfish longline fishery.
	www.seaweb.org /resources/34update/toothfish.html (470 words)

	MercoPress - Falklands-Malvinas & South Atlantic News
		The Patagonian toothfish maximum admissible catch in Argentine waters was set at 2,250 tonnes for this year including several provisional measures, among which a resolution issued in April 2004 which re-enforces the species' juveniles’ protection.
		It establishes that the percentage should be targeted lower than 15% of total Patagonian toothfish catch when the total exceeds 3% of catches during the course one fishing journey at sea.
		Patagonian ports received the bulk of Argentine fisheries catches during the first six months of 2004, according to the latest release from the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Office.
	www.falkland-malvinas.com /Detalle.asp?NUM=4195 (1093 words)

	Case Studies on the Effects of Transferable Fishing Rights on Fleet Capacity and Concentration of Quota Ownership - ...
		The commercial fishery for Patagonian toothfish in Chile was initiated by the small-scale (artisanal) fishing sector in waters off central Chile during the 1970s and rapidly expanded to the south of the country, due to the existence of fishing grounds with higher yields (Lemaitre et al.
		Landings of Patagonian toothfish by the small-scale sector have continuously increased since the beginning of the fishery, reaching approximately 6000t in 1986.
		Patagonian toothfish export - volumes show and overall decreasing behavior during this period, both as total export volume and as frozen exports (Figure 5).
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/005/Y2498E/y2498e0h.htm (6225 words)

	Oceans - Stop Pirate Fishing
		The Patagonian toothfish may not be the most beautiful creature you've ever seen but it is a truly remarkable fish.
		It is estimated that in some areas up to 90% of the total Patagonian toothfish catch is taken by illegal and unregulated longliners.
		The Patagonian toothfish fishery around Prince Edward and Marion Islands was fished to commercial extinction in just two years.
	archive.greenpeace.org /oceans/piratefishing/toothfish.html (641 words)

	Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides)
		IUU fishing of Patagonian toothfish is estimated to have fallen from 68 234 MT in 1996/97 to 8 418 MT in 1999/2000.
		Landings of toothfish from the Pacific Southeast increased steadily from 37 MT in 1978 to 26 918 in 1992.
		Landings of Patagonian toothfish are concentrated in the Patagonia area, where 110 fishers are estimated to be dependant on the fishery.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/Y5261E/y5261e09.htm (3309 words)

	Patagonian Toothfish: Are Conservation and Trade Measures Working?
		Within the CCAMLR Area most reported catch of Patagonian Toothfish is taken in waters around the islands of Kerguelen and Crozet (France), South Georgia (UK) and Heard and Macdonald Islands (Australia).
		Longlining for Patagonian Toothfish in the Australian EEZ has been prohibited in order to avoid the impact of longlining on seabirds.
		The total catch of Patagonian Toothfish has, to date, been estimated by CCAMLR using reports by Members of their catches inside and outside the CCAMLR Area, and by Acceding States of their catches outside the Area, together with estimates made by the Scientific Committee of catch taken by IUU fishing.
	www.traffic.org /toothfish/tooth2.html (1876 words)

	WWF Danmark - WWF calls governments at CITES to take a bold decision on Patagonian toothfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Patagonian toothfish is so valuable on the international market that pirate fishing is rampant.
		Over the past four years, of the approximately 240,000 tonnes of Patagonian toothfish reaching the market, at least half was illegally caught.
		WWF believes that the listing of the Patagonian toothfish on Appendix II of CITES is critical in order to combat the pirate fishing that is currently devastating toothfish stocks.
	www.nordicpartnership.com /23b2774 (366 words)

	Objections Panel Concludes Review of South Georgia Patagonian Toothfish Assessment
		Globally, 17 countries are involved in fishing for Patagonian toothfish which has made national headlines in the past year because of environmentalists’ concerns of overfishing caused primarily by illegal fishing.
		Patagonian toothfish is sold in the US as Chilean Sea Bass, in Japan as Mero, in Mauritius as Butterfish and in Chile as Bacalao de Profundidad.
		The worldwide legal catch of Patagonian toothfish in 2000 is estimated by some to be 15,000 metric tonnes with the total harvest possibly exceeding 90,000 metric tonnes.
	www.msc.org /html/ni_120.htm (699 words)

	PBS - The Voyage of the Odyssey - Track the Voyage - AUSTRALIA
		One of the things to consider with the Patagonian Toothfish under the CCAMLR commission and the conservation measures that are being introduced there, our opinion is that it has not been successful so far in limiting this illegal catch.
		The reality is with Patagonian Toothfish is that unless we do something quite quickly, and it's quite dramatic, we're in danger of loosing this population.
		With 12 countries now known to be fishing illegally, scientists hold grave concerns about the future of the Patagonian Toothfish, Its sustainability is at risk, largely due to the impact of (IUU) Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing, which is completely undermining the effectiveness of conservation measures.
	www.pbs.org /odyssey/odyssey/20020326_log_transcript.html (1017 words)

	Patagonian Toothfish: Are Conservation and Trade Measures Working?
		Patagonian Toothfish is highly valued in restaurants in Japan and the USA which are the largest consumer markets for Patagonian Toothfish followed by Canada and the EU.
		The accuracy of the trade statistics are further challenged by Patagonian Toothfish being traded under a variety of names, such as Bacalao de profundidad in Chile, Butterfish in Mauritius, Chilean Sea Bass in the USA and Canada and Mero in Japan.
		The study urges Patagonian Toothfish fishing nations to apply the precautionary principle in assessing their current catch levels, taking into account the uncertainty that surrounds total catch and stock status.
	www.traffic.org /toothfish (889 words)

	Australian Antarctic Division - Illegal fishing in the Southern Ocean: the problem, practices and perpetrators
		Toothfish is a high value, quality fish and is mainly sold to the restaurant trade in Europe, the United States and Japan.
		It has been estimated that the total IUU catch of toothfish over the past six years is almost equal to the total catch by legal fishers (80,960 tonnes and 83,696 tonnes respectively), and worth about A$1 billion in wholesale value.
		While the protection of toothfish stocks around HIMI is a high priority, Australia is committed to eliminating all IUU fishing, including elsewhere in the Southern Ocean.
	www.aad.gov.au /?casid=11981 (1517 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Toothfish at risk from illegal catches
		The total catch of the toothfish, known as the "white gold" of the Southern Ocean, is double the level believed previously.
		The report, Patagonian Toothfish: Are Conservation and Trade Measures Working?, says IUU fishing is "blatantly undermining the effectiveness of conservation and management of the species".
		The toothfish is caught for consumers in Japan, north America and the European Union, which together imported almost 30,000t last year, more than 90% of the estimated global trade.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1492380.stm (627 words)

	Patagonian Toothfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Patagonian Toothfish is a truly remarkable fish that plays an important role in the Southern Ocean ecosystem.
		In the market, the Patagonian Toothfish is known by many names, including sea bass, Chilean sea bass, Chilean grouper and fl hake.
		In 1997, the total illegal catch of Patagonian Toothfish was around 100,000 ton with a value of over $500 million.
	www.greenpeace.org /usa/multimedia/download/1/544209/0/643 (466 words)

	Auk, The: Consistent male-biased seabird mortality in the Patagonian Toothfish Longline Fishery
		Methods.-Fishing for Patagonian toothfish under permit commenced in October 1996 at the Prince Edward Islands (4645'S, 37o50'E) in an attempt to control unregulated fishing (Ryan et al.
		Discussion.-The reason for the marked sex bias in seabird mortality associated with the Patagonian toothfish fishery is unclear.
		Irrespective of the reason for male-biased mortality, the bias exacerbates the effect of the Patagonian toothfish fishery on albatross and petrel populations breeding on subantarctic islands.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_199907/ai_n8855586 (1400 words)

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