Patellar ligament - Factbites

Patellar ligament - Factbites
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Topic: Patellar ligament

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	The Knee Joint
		This small bursa is lies between the patellar ligament and the anterior surface of the tibia, superior to the tibial tuberosity.
		With the leg flexed, the patellar ligament is struck to elicit a knee jerk.
		It is separated from the knee joint by the infrapatellar fatpad, a mass of fatty tissue between the superior part of the patellar ligament and the synovial capsule.
	www.geocities.com /medinotes/kneejnt.htm (2519 words)

	ZOOLOGY 251: Lab Exercise Six
		Strike the patellar ligament of one leg a sharp blow with the rubber percussion hammer and observe the action of the lower leg.
		This reflex involves muscle spindles or stretch receptors in the patellar ligament below the kneecap.
		To test the reflex, have the subject sit comfortably on a stool with both legs hanging freely and not in contact with the ground.
	www.centralia.ctc.edu /Depts/Science/Zool251/251lab6.html (524 words)

	anterior cruciate ligament
		We use the 'over the top' method in which the lateral third of the patellar ligament extending on to a strip of muscle fascia is threaded behind the femoral condyles and sutured in place to give an a reasonable anatomical replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament.
		A parallel incision is made from the tibial crest along the lateral margin of the patellar ligament and up onto the fascia lata to create a strip of ligament and fascia which will act as a graft.
		Complete or partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the stifle (knee) is a common traumatic condition of the dog and occasionally the cat.
	www.goldenvalley.co.uk /cruciate.htm (445 words)

	Patellar reflex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Striking the patellar ligament just below the patella stretches the quadriceps tendon.
		The patellar reflex is a reflex employing only three neurons.
		It has been thought that his type of reflex helps maintain the upright posture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Patellar_reflex (214 words)

	Lab 15: Reflex Physiology
		Illicit the reflex by tapping the ligament with a reflex hammer at the level of the knee joint, using a short, smart wrist action, note the response.
		Test the effect of mental distraction on the patellar reflex by having the subject add a column of three-digit numbers while you test the reflex again.
		To describe the components of reflex arcs involved in patellar reflex, and pupillary light reflex), and to explain the functional importance of each.
	frcc.cc.co.us /docs/cms/Lab_15.htm (527 words)

	Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tear
		If the PCL is completely torn, it may be reconstructed using a portion of the patellar tendon or some other autograph.
		May involve injury to other ligaments, bone, nerves or blood vessels
		The PCL is located in the back of the knee and connects the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia) to prevent the shinbone from moving too far backward.
	orthoinfo.aaos.org /fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=236&topcategory=Knee (566 words)

	ISAKOS: Current Concepts: "Graft Choice for ACL Reconstruction"
		Noyes,F.R.; Barber,S.D.; and Mangine,R.E.: Bone-patellar ligament-bone and fascia lata allografts for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
		Patellar fracture and avulsion of the patellar ligament complicating arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
		Jones KG, Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using the central one-third of the patellar ligament.
	www.isakos.com /innovations/graftchoice.aspx (2992 words)

	Luxating Patellas
		Most surgical corrections of patellar luxations consist of deepening the groove in which the patella rides, removal of redundant (excess) tissues and possibly, movement of the bone on which the patellar ligament inserts.
		Patellar luxation may also be found in conjunction with other injuries to the knee which require surgery, most commonly, rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament.
		In patellar luxation, the extensor muscles are often maligned to the inside or outside of the leg, The degree of patella luxation is graded from I to IV depending on the relative ease with which the patella luxates.
	www.pcoc.net /luxating-patellas.htm (2992 words)

	A Life Changing Knee Injury For Wisconsin-Milwaukee's Ellsworth :: Panther's playing days may be over
		Ellsworth was taken off the field and immediately taken to the hospital where it was discovered that he had ruptured his patellar tendon, or patellar ligament, in his left knee.
		The patellar ligament works as a knee extensor mechanism, which aids in knee extension and a kicking motion.The injury, sometimes considered worse than an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, most often occurs when a person lands on a partially bent knee.
		Ellsworth, who was on the left wing for UWM, saw an opening and began to streak along the left sideline.As Ellsworth passed in front of the UWM bench, Wright State's Troy Azuogu took down Ellsworth in very physical fashion, sending Ellsworth flailing his arms in the air and landing hard on the ground.
	www.cstv.com /sports/m-soccer/stories/101804aaf.html (719 words)

	LUXATING PATELLA
		The patella stays in the center of the leg because the point of attachment of the patellar ligament is on the midline and because the patella slides in a groove on the lower end of the femur (the bone between the knee and the hip).
		The patella luxates because the point of attachment of the patellar ligament is not on the midline of the tibia.
		When the thigh muscles contract, the force is transmitted through the patella and through the patellar ligament to a point on the top of the tibia.
	www.pethealthcare.net /html/body_luxating_patella_.html (478 words)

	Luxating patella
		Below left is a an illustration of a normal limb with normal alignment of the femur bone, tibia bone, quadriceps muscle group (red), patella (brown) and the attachment of the patellar ligament (grey) to the tibia.
		Patellar luxation is caused by congenital abnormality usually at the level of the hip joint and results in abnormal forces on the kneecap, which cause it to eventually ride outside of the groove.
		The groove becomes very shallow and the attachment of the ligament of the patella may be malpositioned on the tibia bone.
	www.vetsurgerycentral.com /patella.htm (478 words)

	Luxating patella
		Below left is a an illustration of a normal limb with normal alignment of the femur bone, tibia bone, quadriceps muscle group (red), patella (brown) and the attachment of the patellar ligament (grey) to the tibia.
		Patellar luxation is caused by congenital abnormality usually at the level of the hip joint and results in abnormal forces on the kneecap, which cause it to eventually ride outside of the groove.
		The groove becomes very shallow and the attachment of the ligament of the patella may be malpositioned on the tibia bone.
	www.vetsurgerycentral.com /patella.htm (2402 words)

	eMedicine - Bursitis : Article by Janet Talbot-Stern, MD
		The deep component lies between the patellar ligament and the upper anterior surface of the tibia, and the superficial component lies between the patellar ligament and the skin.
		Anserine bursitis occurs as an overuse or traumatic injury in athletes (particularly long-distance runners), and it must be differentiated from medial collateral ligament strain or osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the knee.
		Pain of iliopsoas bursitis radiates down the anteromedial side of the thigh to the knee and is increased on extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the hip.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic74.htm (5365 words)

	Bob's ACL WWWBoard: On-Line Knee-Injury-Article Library
		Proprioceptive function of the knee was quantified and compared in three groups of patients: those with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency, with hamstring tendons-ligament augmentation device anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions, and with bone-patellar tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.
		Proprioception is considered a specialized variation of the sensory modality of touch and encompasses the sensations of joint motion (kinesthesia) and joint position (joint position sense).8 Recent anatomic studies have demonstrated mechanoreceptors in the human ACL.12 Schutte et al.13 discovered that 1% of the ACL is made up of Ruffini, Golgi, and Pacinian corpuscles.
		Proprioceptive receptors in these structures are affected and this contributes to the loss of proprioception.3 Any remaining proprioceptive output is nonphysiologic and disorganized.
	www.factotem.org /library/database/Knee-Articles/MacDonald-AJSM-Nov96.shtml (5365 words)

	TIBIAL TUBERCLE FRACTURES
		As the quadriceps muscle contracts (shortens), it pulls on the quadriceps tendon, the patella, the patellar tendon, the tibia tubercle, and the tibia to move the knee from a flexed (bent) position to an extended (straight) position.
		The examination consists of palpating the patellar tendon and the tibial tubercle to identify the area of most intense discomfort and to try to distinguish between a tibial tubercle fracture and a patellar tendon rupture.
		At the same time, the hole between the ends of the ruptured tendon is palpable on the front of the knee.) Due to the pain, it is usually not possible to manipulate the knee to test for ligament or cartilage injury.
	www.arthroscopy.com /sp05040.htm (1033 words)

	LUXATING PATELLA (KNEE CAP)
		If the distal end of the patellar ligament is attached medially and not centrally, then the tibial tubercle (the point of attachment) is transpositioned so that it is centered on the tibia and then stabilized with pins and a tension band wire.
		The patella and its ligament normally rides in a trough or trochlear groove in the center of the leg (femur).
		Patellar luxation is a dislocation of the knee cap either toward the inside (medial) or outside (lateral) of the leg.
	www.cpvh.com /Articles/78.html (997 words)

	Luxating Patella
		The patella stays in the center of the leg because the point of attachment of the patellar ligament is on the midline and because the patella slides in a groove on the lower end of the femur (the bone between the knee and the hip).
		The patella luxates because the point of attachment of the patellar ligament is not on the midline of the tibia.
		The patella, or knee cap, should be located in the center of the knee joint.
	www.shafferah.com /patella.htm (997 words)

	Patient Guide - The Gateway to the Orthopedic Internet
		Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Collateral Ligament Injuries, Knee Anatomy, Meniscus Injuries, Osteoarthritis, Patello-Femoral Problems, Plica Syndrome, Popliteal Cysts, Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Pre-Patellar Bursitis
		Achilles Tendonitis/Rupture, Anatomy of the Foot, Ankle Sprain/Instability, Bunion/Hallux Valgus, Bunionette (Tailor's Bunion), Clawtoes/Hammertoes, Hallux Rigidus, Ingrown Toenail, Morton's Neuroma, Osteochondritis Dessicans of the Talus, Plantar Fasciitis (Heel Pain), Posterior Tibial Tendonitis/Rupture, Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
		Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Cubital Tunnel Syndrome, DeQuervain's Tenosynovitis, Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release, Guyon's Canal Syndrome, Intersection Syndrome, Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis elbow), Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow), Radial Tunnel Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Trigger Finger
	www.orthogate.com /patient-guide.html (160 words)

	Abebooks Search Results - Brotzman
		Knee Injuries -The Painful Knee: Evaluation, Examination, and Imaging -Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries -Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries -Medical Collateral Ligament Injury -Meniscal Injuries -Patellofemoral Disorders -Evaluation of the Patellofemoral Joint -Patellar Tendon Ruptures -Articular Cartilage Procedures of the Knee -Bakers Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) -Patella Fractures Chapter 5.
	textbook-authors.abebooks.co.uk /Author/70040/Brotzman.html (1468 words)

	Basic Science Update. The Safe and Effective Use of Allograft Tissue--An Update -- Barbour and King 31 (5): 791 -- American Journal of Sports Medicine
		Noyes FR, Barber SD, Mangine RE: Bone-patellar ligament-bone and fascia lata allografts for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
		Jackson DW, Windler GE, Simon TM: Intraarticular reaction associated with the use of freeze-dried, ethylene oxide-sterilized bone-patella tendon-bone allografts in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
		Veen MR: Bone allografts: A study into bacterial contamination, sensitivity of cultures, decontamination, and contribution to postoperative infection.
	ajs.sagepub.com /cgi/content/full/31/5/791 (1468 words)

	Untitled Document
		Karlsson J, Kalebo P, Goksor L-A, et al.: Partial rupture of the patellar ligament.
		Khan KM, Visentini PJ, Cook JL, et al.: Open patellar tenotomy for jumper's knee: MR and ultrasound correlation with clinical outcome.
		Khan KM, Cook JL, Kiss ZS, et al.: Patellar tendon ultrasonography and jumper's knee in elite female basketball players: a longitudinal study.
	www.clinicalsportsmedicine.com /articles/common_tendinopathies.htm (7456 words)

	Bibliography
		Drez, D., DeLee, J., Holden, J.P., Arnoczky, S., Noyes, F.R., and Roberts, T.S. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts: A biological and biomechaninical evaluation in goats.
		Lee, J.K., Lawrence, Y., Phelps, C.T., Wirth, C.R., Czajka, J., and Lozman, J. Anterior cruciate ligament tears: MR imaging compared with arthroscopy and clinical tests.
		Rowden, N.J., Sher, D., Rogers, G.J., and Schindhelm, K. Anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~athmed/aclrehab/bib.htm (633 words)

	Joints - Joint - information page with HONselect
		Narrow term(s): - Acromioclavicular Joint - Cartilage, Articular - Elbow Joint - Finger Joint - Hip Joint - Joint Capsule / Synovial Membrane, - Knee Joint / Menisci, Tibial, Anterior Cruciate Ligament - Collateral Ligaments - Patellar Ligament - Posterior Cruciate Ligament - Shoulder Joint - Temporomandibular Joint / Temporomandibular Joint Disk, - Wrist Joint
		Narrow term(s): - Cartilage, Articular - Temporomandibular Joint
		To Study the Safety (Free of Harmful Side Effects) and Effectiveness (Prevention of Structural Joint Damage) of MRA, in Combination with Methotrexate, Compared to Placebo in Combination with Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
	www.hon.ch /HONselect/Selection/A02.835.583.html (633 words)

	Joints - Joint - information page with HONselect
		Narrow term(s): - Acromioclavicular Joint - Cartilage, Articular - Elbow Joint - Finger Joint - Hip Joint - Joint Capsule / Synovial Membrane, - Knee Joint / Menisci, Tibial, Anterior Cruciate Ligament- Collateral Ligaments- Patellar Ligament- Posterior Cruciate Ligament- Shoulder Joint - Temporomandibular Joint / Temporomandibular Joint Disk, - Wrist Joint
		A Study of the Safety of Liquid Certolizumab Pegol in the Treatment of Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis and in Prevention of Joint Damage in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis
		A Study of Liquid Certolizumab Pegol as Additional Medication to Methotrexate in the Treatment of Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis and in Prevention of Joint Damage in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis
	www.hon.ch /HONselect/Selection/A02.835.583.html (373 words)

	LUXATING PATELLA (KNEE CAP)
		Patellar luxation is a dislocation of the knee cap either toward the inside (medial) or outside (lateral) of the leg.
		The patella and its ligament normally rides in a trough or trochlear groove in the center of the leg (femur).
		Clinical signs of patellar luxation vary depending upon severity and chronicity of the disease and may develop soon after birth or generally after four months of age.
	www.cpvh.com /Articles/78.html (373 words)

	Knee Problems In Your Dog - Patellar Luxation - Luxating Patella
		In over ninety percent of the cases I see, the lateral patellar ligament is the culprit allowing the kneecap to displace to the inside (medial) portion of the leg.
		Others remove a portion of the medial patellar ligament and reinforce the lateral patellar ligament with suture.
		Luxating patella is the most common cause of lameness and knee pain in toy breeds of dog.
	www.2ndchance.info /patella.htm (373 words)

	Emergency Medicine
		A Maisonneuve's fracture is a fracture of the proximal fibula that occurs with an associated distal tibial fracture, ankle fracture, or deltoid ligament tear.
		When patellar fractures are caused by high-energy direct trauma, as in a high-speed motor vehicle accident in which the knee strikes the dashboard, a careful evaluation for associated injuries, such as femoral neck fractures, hip dislocations, and acetabular fractures, should be performed.
		Lateral views should be assessed for the presence of a high-riding patella, or patella alta, which is evidence of patellar tendon rupture.
	www.emedmag.com /html/pre/fea/features/021505.asp (373 words)

	Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears: Surgical reconstruction technique
		The remaining portions of the patellar tendon on either side of the graft are re-approximated (sutured) after its removal so that a single 10-30 mm strip of patellar tendon remains in place to continue the normal function of that tissue.
		Simultaneously, because generally the length of the tendon portion of the graft is appropriate, as the top end of the graft (the bone block) comes to rest up in the femur drill hole, the lower end of the graft (the other bone block) will come to rest in the hole in the tibia.
		This is done by threading the sutures in the top end of the graft into a small "eye" in the lower end of the pin which was previously used as the guide pin for drilling into the femur.
	www.orthoassociates.com /acltech.htm (3188 words)

	Knee - bursitis
		(or "pre-patellar bursitis") is located over the front of the patellar ligament and kneecap (patella) - see the picture to the right.
		The pain of bursitis is usually sharp and worse with either touching the area or even when you sleep and the two knees touch each other.
		The pain of both of these types of bursitis is usually better with rest or even using some heat over the areas of pain.
	www.jointhealing.com /pages/knee/knee_bursitis.html (300 words)

	Lab 15: Reflex Physiology
		Illicit the reflex by tapping the ligament with a reflex hammer at the level of the knee joint, using a short, smart wrist action, note the response.
		To describe the components of reflex arcs involved in patellar reflex, and pupillary light reflex), and to explain the functional importance of each.
		Test the effect of mental distraction on the patellar reflex by having the subject add a column of three-digit numbers while you test the reflex again.
	frcc.cc.co.us /docs/cms/Lab_15.htm (527 words)

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