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Topic: Path dependency

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	Path dependence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Path dependency theory was originally developed by economists to explain technology adoption processes and industry evolution.
		Path dependence has primarily been used in comparative-historical analyses to analyze the development and persistence of institutions, whether they be social, political, or cultural.
		This is akin to the concepts of lock-in or positive feedback derived from path dependence in economics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Path_dependency (1838 words)

	[No title]
		The literature of path dependence may be understood to argue that these lock-ins and errors occur, even in a world characterized by voluntary decisions and individually maximizing behavior.
		The claim for path dependence is that a minor or fleeting advantage or a seemingly inconsequential lead for some technology, product or standard can have important and irreversible influences on the ultimate market allocation of resources, even in a world characterized by voluntary decisions and individually maximizing behavior.
		Third-degree path dependence is the only form of path dependence that conflicts with the neoclassical model of relentlessly rational behavior leading to efficient, and therefore predictable, outcomes.
	www.utdallas.edu /~liebowit/paths.html (9702 words)

	Path Dependency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Path dependency is like a cheetah sprinting full speed after an antelope.
		Path dependency is strong proof that markets are not always magical, and certainly do not always act for the best.
		To break free from path dependency requires group action that involves a high level of agreement, commitment and energy.
	home.att.net /~Resurgence/Pathdependency.htm (924 words)

	SUSTAINED YIELD PATH DEPENDENCE
		Path dependence, lock-in and sub-optimal efficiencies are to be expected.
		In political science path dependence is formalized recognition that decisions made in the past have a continuing influence on policy development.
		But because of investment in catching capacity, because the ‘stakeholders’ were boat owners and cannery managers dependent upon the promised volumes of fish, and coastal communities dependent upon the cash flow from the fishery, government and regulators were ‘locked in’ to this particular approach to a fishing industry.
	www.pacificfringe.net /sustainedyield/sypd.htm (1968 words)

	Gamasutra - Features - "Chopping Down the Tech Tree, Part 1" [05.31.00]
		In traditional processual story based strategy titles, path dependency is probably one of the most often used variables that influences in-game technological development.
		Basically, path dependency means that that technological change and innovation depends on its own past.
		For example, designers can start with a base technological path that is defined by the geographic environment in which the scenario is going to be played out, the level of technological sophistication (probably something set by the back-story), and pre-defined parameters of the technological path (what innovations are available to the player).
	www.gamasutra.com /features/20000531/watrall_05.htm (987 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Path dependence contends that decisions made in the past are likely to have long-term impacts on water systems by binding, limiting or postponing alternative options.
		The argument for path dependence is that a minor or fleeting advantage or a seemingly inconsequential lead for some technology, product or standard can have important and irreversible influences on the ultimate market allocation of resources, even in a world characterized by voluntary decisions and individually maximizing behavior.
		The path of institutional change is shaped by (1) the lock-in that comes from the symbiotic relationship between institutions and the organisations that have evolved as a consequence of the incentive structure provided by those institutions and (2) the feedback process by which human beings perceive and react to changes in the opportunity set.
	www.watertime.net /docs/wp1/W1Pathdepend.doc (2598 words)

	EH.R: Path dependency
		First, it is well to remember that path dependence is part of a broad, growing literature that takes history seriously in social theory.
		If correct, then path dependence is calling our attention to a limit of markets (not perhaps in the strict, Pareto sense a failure) in assuring the best technology ever gets invented, or sees the light of day.
		The point of path dependence is, the way back (to B) is difficult, if not impossible, not because markets fail but because in a market sitatuion no rational actor would ever want to pay the costs of backtracking.
	www.eh.net /pipermail/eh.res/1999-December/000416.html (1124 words)

	Intelligible Differences
		Both beliefs combine in the familiar idea of path dependency; but it is the predominance of the second which makes of that notion at once a shorthand expression for certain methodological convictions and the expression of a deep pessimism about the possibility of effective, deliberate action in the world.
		It is, as you know, the world of path dependency; and the rapid diffusion of this set of ideas among economists in particular may be an indication that they have more in common with the moods of the average Joe than they themselves may suppose.
		The surprise, to which we turn next, is that neither story supports the view of path dependency associate with it, and that the second, in particular, opens the way to a direct challenge to the fourth and apparently weightiest item on the list of possible causes of path dependence: cognitive self entrapment.
	www2.law.columbia.edu /sabel/papers/IntelDif.html (7744 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Theories II and I deal with the idea that the consequence that happens could not have been avoided or was not known at the time of the purchase, thus there is not an inefficiency.
		Theory III on the other hand is a path dependency that deals with market inefficiency; the consequence was known but not avoided.
		The theories of path dependency are good examples of everyday occurrences.
	students.ou.edu /H/Matthew.G.Hayden-1/essay4.doc (412 words)

	Windows Freeware exe, dll, ocx, sys Dependency Walker
		Dependency Walker is also very useful for troubleshooting system errors related to loading and executing modules.
		Dependency Walker detects many common application problems such as missing modules, invalid modules, import / export mismatches, circular dependency errors, mismatched machine types of modules, and module initialization failures.
		For example: depends /c /f:0 /u:1 /pa:1 /pf:0 /pe:0 /pb /sm:12 /sf:4 /d:search.dwp /oc:result.csv /od:result.dwi foo.exe Could be shortened to: depends /cf0u1pa1pf0pe0pbsm12sf4dsearch.dwp /ocresult.csv /odresult.dwi foo.exe All options can be specified with or without the "Console Mode" option (/c).
	www.windowsnetworking.com /nt/atips/atips279.shtml (2496 words)

	Imprint: January 18, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		A term those of us in social policy use to describe a continued course of action built out of tradition, historical tendency or simple continuity is called path dependency.
		Path dependency required a quick response to the Taliban government (which the U.S. government helped install) to ensure that reasonable economic and political security was re-established both in Afghanistan and in the U.S. itself.
		This path dependency has created a foreign policy where the U.S. props up unsavoury governments which they destruct only years later.
	imprint.uwaterloo.ca /story.php?f=2&t=823&i=&v=f&story=823 (544 words)

	[No title]
		That many of the papers in the network externality/path dependence literature continue to use this example as support for their theories illustrates the empirical weakness of these theories.
		Path dependency is important because it influences the development of many firms and markets.
		The economic interpretation to be placed on path dependency, however, is subtle.
	www.utdallas.edu /~liebowit/netpage.html (2204 words)

	Selection
		A dependency path specifies the grammatical relation of a word in a constituent (e.g.
		The representation of a parse as a set of dependency paths is a notational variant of the dependency tree.
		This set of maximal discriminants consists of the triples with the shortest dependency paths that encode a certain difference between parses.
	odur.let.rug.nl /vannoord/papers/treebank/node9.html (576 words)

	Gamasutra - Features - "Chopping Down the Tech Tree, Part 1" [05.31.00]
		For civilizations that reside in river valleys or close to the ocean, the technological path could include maritime trade, the waterwheel, shipbuilding, and hydroelectricity.
		For civilizations where population centers are widely dispersed, the path could include long distance trade, communication devices, and high-speed travel.
		The pace and manifestation of this technological path would in turn be influenced and affected by a suite of other variables (like those discussed in this article).
	www.gamasutra.com /features/20000531/watrall_04.htm (507 words)

	Natural selection has been invoked in order to justify the assumption of optimizing behavior of agents (Alchian
		Animal research is analyzed for its fit with the circumstances that may cause path dependence.
		The discussion provides a real world "case study" of a possible example of such path dependency with particular focus on the psychological dimensions of path dependency as well as the role of academic research institutions in the process.
		Since the concept of path dependency presents a serious challenge to much of traditional neoclassical theory, it is not without critics.
	www.firepaw.org /tli.htm (6007 words)

	CSC Conferences & Symposia
		In 1999-2000, three more speakers who dealt with wide-ranging topics related to the problem of path dependency, (i.e., the institutional constraints often ignored by transition economists as they conceptualize the development of market societies) were invited to Rice.
		Recent research on the path of privatization in the 1990s in the former centralist planned economies of China, Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union has emphasized the role of "path-dependency," or the historical constraints on the selection of privatization strategies.
		Both the privatization and democratization reforms in these societies seem to follow a path constrained by a reverse logic of the way in which the institutions of the planned economies were set up in the 1950s.
	cohesion.rice.edu /humanities/csc/conferences.cfm?doc_id=329 (796 words)

	Path length dependency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		That is close to where you run into trouble, allowing for long to short filenames and the part that is Wine's drive configuration.
		I do not think Wine has this limit as well, most dos functions use a limit of 256 chars, but I could be wrong.
		My guess is that is likely the program that imposes this limit, under the real DOS it would not have benefited from longer paths.
	www.winehq.com /pipermail/wine-users/2003-December/012461.html (290 words)

	Path-dependency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		A derivative is path-dependent if its payoff at exercise or maturity depends not only on the value of the underlying asset at the time, but also on some history of the underlying asset values.
		An example of a path-dependent derivative would be a lookback option where the payoff at maturity or exercise depends on the maximum or minimum of the underlying asset price during the lifetime of the contract.
		This is because if any of these outstanding securities are exercised during the lifetime of the CB we are valuing, we might expect the share price to drop to reflect the resultant dilution effect.
	www.maths.ox.ac.uk /~yue/pathdependency.htm (812 words)

	[No title]
		Path dependency theory suggests that the dominance of one technology over another may be the result of historical coincidence rather than superiority.
		The concept of diminishing marginal cost is illustrated in Table 1 and Figure 2 The premise of path dependency theory is that if one technology (VHS) gains market dominance early on as the result of some historical coincidence (i.e.
		A key conclusion of path dependency theory is that the dominant technology may not be the best technology.
	www.willamette.edu /~jconnor/wilenviro2000/cleantechnologylecturenotes.doc (3557 words)

	[No title]
		D depends on B and C, and cannot be started until both B and C are finished:.-> B.
		But B is not on the critical path, because B can go on while C is going on, and can take up to one day longer than expected without delaying the start of D. You will write a program which will calculate critical paths.
		The critical path itself isn't the goal; it's the listing of the critical tasks, because these are the tasks whose slippage will delay the end of the project.
	perl.plover.com /qotw/r/solution/021 (1510 words)

	[No title]
		It highlights a famous example of path dependency, and it asks you (indirectly) to consider what the implications of path dependency can be for an economy and for economic policy makers.
		His article will force you to think about whether or not you really believe that path dependency is something to be concerned about.
		If you are going to argue that path dependency doesn’t matter, then your real world example should involve a case where someone might be likely to mistakenly argue that society is observing a path dependent outcome.
	www.davidson.edu /academic/economics/smith/fhs/101/PA.doc (373 words)

	Exact Differential Equations Studied in the Context of Vector Fields -- from Mathematica Information Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In this presentation I will use Mathematica to illustrate the concepts of path dependency and path independency as studied in a vector field.
		I will calculate the work for several different paths, showing that the results are all equal.
		I will illustrate in similar fashion the path dependency for a second example, showing this time that the work of moving the particle is different for the different paths.
	library.wolfram.com /infocenter/Conferences/3964 (220 words)

	Urban Sprawl as a Path Dependent Process - Questia Online Library
		According to Michael Radzicki and John Sterman, "Path dependency is a characteristic of models that get locked into the particular dynamical path they initially 'choose' (usually by chance)" [Radzicki and Sterman 1994, 64].
		Models are a useful means of simulating dynamic change and presenting the logical consequences of remaining on a particular path.
		Path dependency is therefore another way of understanding economic change as a process of cumulative causation where the dominant feedback loops are self-reinforcing rather than self-correcting as they are in equilibrium models.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=5000372983 (312 words)

	WINDOWS VS MACINTOSH-PATH OF DEPENDENCY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Well, one useful answer is an idea known as path dependency, i.e., once enough people follow a particular path in technology, that path becomes the standard one on which future technology and products depend.
		Microsoft has, in effect, done the same thing, promoted a sharing of strategy to create an industry standard and to be sure, it's also marketed like mad, throwing its weight around monopoly-like, some would say illegally, to keep the competition at bay.
		But for the present, path dependence can explain a lot about how and why the world of technology around us has taken the shape it has and why the better mousetrap doesn't necessarily prevail.
	www.jmusheneaux.com /25b.htm (3621 words)

	Complexity Digest - Beyond Path Dependency? Constructing New Models For Institutional Change
		Excerpt: The study of national business systems is increasingly concerned with the issue of path dependency and change.
		The first section considers the meaning of path dependency, institutional complementarities and positive returns.
		It argues that it is necessary to distinguish the societal, the firm and the individual levels of analysis in order to understand how social and economic institutions are interdependent.
	www.comdig.org /article.php?id_article=19544 (113 words)

	Principia Cybernetica Mailing-List Archive: path dependency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		So the process of adaptation is said to be path dependent.
		path dependency means that history matters, a feeling everybody of
		a system is path dependent if: the state or structure of the system
	bruce.edmonds.name /PRNCYB-L/1133.html (490 words)

	Path Creation, Path Dependency and Alternative Theories of the Firm - Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		During the 1980s, Paul David and Brian Arthur published several papers that are now regarded as the foundation of path dependency (David 1985; Arthur 1989, 1990).
		This essay begins by critiquing how path dependency papers have failed to flesh our exactly how these inefficient processes emerged and became locked in.
		The rest of the paper focuses on an emerging line of analysis called path creation that combines the insight of sub-optimal lock-in with an emphasis on the active role firms play in shaping...
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=5002079898 (282 words)

	EH.R: Path dependency
		'What path dependence was supposed to be all about': The answer, Tony, is the historical contingency of current features of the economy.
		There's no point in my repeating what I wrote to this point on July 20, but those seeking a more authoritative answer might delve into Paul David's 1997 essay, 'Path Dependence and the Quest for Historical Economics', available on our community web site at http://www.eh.net/Publications/.
		W. Brian Arthur's views on What It's All About can best be found in the introductory sections to his collected papers, _Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy_, Univ. of Michigan Press, 1994.
	www.eh.net /pipermail/eh.res/1999-December/000414.html (735 words)

	Apache > Maven > Maven 1.x > Plugins > Bundled > Maven War Plugin > Maven War Plugin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		This plug-in provides the ability to generate either a deployed webapp or a webapp packaged as a WAR file.
		If you need to add extra dependencies in the web application, there are two properties you can use.
		This bundles the dependency in the path specified relative to the base of the web application.
	maven.apache.org /reference/plugins/war (122 words)

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