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	Patriarch Gennadius I of Constantinople - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gennadius is seen to have been a learnt writer and followed the Antiochene school of literal exegesis although little writings has been left about him.
		Gennadius was a presbyter at Constantinople when he succeeded Anatolius in 458 as the Bishop of Constantinople.
		Gennadius of Marseilles said of Gennadius was lingua nitidus et ingenio acer, and so rich in knowledge of the ancients that he composed a commentary on the whole Book of Daniel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Patriarch_Gennadius_I_of_Constantinople (959 words)

	Gennadius Scholarius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gennadius II (lay name Georgios Scholarios) (died circa 1473), patriarch of Constantinople from 1454 to 1464, philosopher and theologian, was one of the last representatives of Byzantine learning, and a strong advocate of Aristotelian philosophy in the Church.
		Mehmed II, finding that the patriarchal chair had been vacant for some time, and wanting to use the Church to stabilize his empire, resolved to elect someone to the office, and the sultan compelled Gennadius to accept the title.
		While holding the episcopal office Gennadius drew up, apparently for the use of Mehmed, a confession or exposition of the Christian faith, which was translated into Turkish by Ahmed, judge of Beroea (and first printed by A. Brassicanus at Vienna in 1530).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Patriarch_Gennadius_II (472 words)

	Greek Church
		-- The Servian Patriarchate of Carlovitz in Hungary.
		The superior hierarchy of a Greek Church at the period we are treating of, viz., from the fourth to the tenth century, was composed of a patriarch, a catholicos, the greater metropolitans, the autocephalous metropolitans, the archbishops and the bishops.
		After the patriarch in the capital, and in their dioceses after the metropolitans and bishops, the chief dignitary was the archdeacon, a sort of vicar-general having direct control over the clergy, if not over the faithful of the diocese.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/greek_church.html (18719 words)

	Patriarch Gennadius II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Extremely little is known of his life, but he appears to have been born at Constantinople about 1400 and to have entered the service of the emperor John VII Palaeologus as imperial judge or counsellor.
		While holding the episcopal office Gennadius drew up, apparently for the use of Mehmed, a lucid confession or exposition of the Christian faith, which was translated into Turkish by Ahmed, judge of Beroea, and first printed by A Brassicanus at Vienna in 1530.
		After a couple of years Gennadius found the position of patriarch under a Turkish sultan so irksome that he retired to the monastery of John the Baptist near Serrae in Macedonia, where he died about 1468.
	www.theezine.net /p/patriarch-gennadius-ii.html (395 words)

	The Patriarchate at the Pammakaristos (1456-1587) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Following the example of Byzantine Emperors, the Sultan handed to the new Patriarch Gennadius Scholarius-who had been elected on his recommendation-a precious pastoral staff and pectoral cross and permitted him to use as patriarchal church the second in size and importance church of the Holy Apostles.
		Gennadius, therefore, asked permission of the Sultan to move to the convent of St. Mary Pammakaristos.
		Regrettably, the efforts of conscientious Patriarchs were counteracted by the unwise activities of others, which caused the expulsion of the Patriarchate from the convent of the Pammakaristos where it had remained for 132 years.
	www.patriarchate.org /ecumenical_patriarchate/chapter_2/At_the_Pammakaristos.html (641 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Gennadius I
		Gennadius succeeded Anatolius as Bishop of Constantinople in 458.
		Not later, it seems, than 459 St. Gennadius celebrated a great council of eighty-one bishops, many of whom were from the East and even from Egypt, including those who had been dispossessed of their sees by Aelurus.
		The Emperor Leo protected the ascetic, and some time later sent St. Gennadius to ordain him priest, which he is said to have done standing at the foot of the column, since St. Daniel objected to being ordained, and refused to let the bishop mount the ladder.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06416a.htm (504 words)

	GENNADIUS II. - LoveToKnow Article on GENNADIUS II. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		1468), patriarch of Constantinople from 1454 to 1456, philosopher and theologian, was one of the last representatives of Byzantinelearning.
		In 1453, after the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, Mahommed II., finding that the patriarchal chair had been vacant for some time, resolved to elect some one to the office, and the choice fell on Gennadius.
		While holding the episcopal office Gennadius drew up, apparently for the use of Mahommed, a lucid confession or exposition of the Christian faith, which was translated into Turkish by Ahmed, judge of Beroea, and first printed by A. Brassicanus at Vienna in 1530.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GENNADIUS_II_.htm (2547 words)

	George Gemistos Plethon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plethon was the author of De Differentiis, a description of the differences between Plato and Aristotles' conceptions of God.
		George Scholarios (who became Gennadius II, Patriarch of Constantinople) later defended Aristotle and convinced the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaeologus that Plethon's support for Plato amounted to heresy.
		In Mistra he wrote pamphlets to Manuel II describing how the Empire could be reorganized according to Plato's Republic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/George_Gemistos_Plethon (634 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gennadius II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		So he sent for this Gennadius because he was one of the chief enemies of the union, and told him to be patriarch.
		Mohammed also arranged with Gennadius the condition of Orthodox Christians (the so-called "Roman nation") in the Turkish Empire made the patriarch their acknowledged civil head before the Porte and gave him a diploma (called berat) exactly defining his rights and duties.
		Gennadius was a prolific writer during all the periods of his life.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06416b.htm (1729 words)

	Eastern Patriarchates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The Treaty of Devol between Antioch and the Byzantine Empire restored the Greek patriarch, though it was never enforced and the Greek patriarch continued to be resident at Constantinople.
		A Latin Patriarch continued to be appointed until the capture of the city by the Mamluks in 1268.
		Patriarch Mar Shimun IV Bassidi ruled that his office would only pass to members of his own family (to a nephew, since the Patriarch was celibate).
	www.hostkingdom.net /orthodox.html (1948 words)

	[No title]
		Gennadius, born George Scholarios, was a well-known theologian and qualified by his learning as much as by opposition to Roman Catholicism to become the highest ranking dignitary of a reunited Orthodox church.
		With the berat of Mehmed II, Gennadius became patriarch, millet basi of the Rum (Orthodox) millet, a high ranking pasa entitled to three tugs (horse tails) of the Ottoman Empire, undisputed master of a reunited church, and the official who was responsible for the behavior and loyalty of all the Sultan's Orthodox subjects.
		No wonder, then, that it was Mehmed II who completed the steadily growing tendency of the rulers to rely only on their slaves and that it was he who gave the slave training schools their final form.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/bosnia/readings/sugar2.html (10871 words)

	Gennadius Scholarius -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Georgios was at a disadvantage because, being a layman, he could not directly take part in the discussions of the council.
		In 1453, after the (Click link for more info and facts about Fall of Constantinople) Fall of Constantinople, Gennadius was taken prisoner by the (A native or inhabitant of Turkey) Turks.
		Mehmed gave Gennadius both ecclesiastical and political authority, and as a result, under Gennadius, the (State church of Greece; an autonomous part of the Eastern Orthodox Church) Greek Orthodox Church became a civil as well as a religious entity.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/gennadius_scholarius.htm (259 words)

	Page 452 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		According to Gennadius of Marseilles, he was famed for his learning and was the author of a commentary on the prophet Daniel as well as of numerous homilies, all of which are apparently lost.
		Sophia and the palace of the patriarch were now in the hands of the Turks, he took up his residence successively in two monasteries of the city.
		GENNADIUS OF MASSILIA: A presbyter of Massilia (Marseilles), contemporary of Pope Gelasius I. (492--496; cf.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc04/htm/0468=452.htm (887 words)

	The Catholic Encyclopedia - Greek Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Leo I, Hormisdas, and Agapitus, and to the Patriarchs of Constantinople, John II (518-520), Epiphanius (520-535), Anthimus (536), Menas (536-552).
		Pope Pelagius II annulled the acts of this council and his successor, St.
		Gregory the Great (590-604), began a lengthy correspondence on the matter with the Byzantine Patriarchs John IV and Cyriacus, but nothing ever came of it.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Catholic_Encyclopedia/06752a.htm (18576 words)

	Society > Religion and Spirituality > Christianity > Denominations > Catholicism > Reference > ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		It begins with the words sung by the angels at Christ's birth (Luke, ii, 14).
		An object of worship among the Hebrews, mention of which occurs principally in Ex., xxxii, where the story of the molten calf of Aaron is narrated, and in III Kings, xii (cf.
		II Par., xi), in connection with the policy of Jeroboam after the schism of the ten tribes.
	www.xasa.cn /directorio/dmoz/Top/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Denominations/Catholicism/Reference/Catholic_Encyclopedia/G (3396 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, Armenia, and the East; Archbishops of Canterbury and Prince Archbishops of Mainz, Trier, Cologne, and Salzburg
		Afterwards, it was demolished by the Ottomans for the Mosque of the Sult.ân Meh.med II (Fâtih.
		Patriarch Mar Shimun IV Bassidi ruled (c.1450) that his office would only pass to members of his own family -- in practical terms to a nephew, since the Patriarch was celibate.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (8673 words)

	Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		When the city fell to the Turks in 1453, becoming the capital of the Muslim Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman government recognized the ecumenical patriarch Gennadius II as the ethnarch of the conquered Orthodox peoples, with increased authority over the territories of the Eastern patriarchates and over the Balkan countries, as well as farther afield.
		The territory directly subject to the patriarch and his synod in Turkey is confined to the archdiocese of Constantinople itself, with four suburban dioceses of Chalcedon, Terkos, Büyükada, and the islands of Imroz Adasi and Bozca Ada.
		In Greece the patriarch still has nominal jurisdiction over the monastic state of Mt. Athos, the monastery of St. John the Evangelist on Pátmos, several dioceses in northern Greece, four bishoprics in the Dodecanese, and the autonomous church of Crete.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/print_toc?tocId=9031955 (617 words)

	The Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod - Christian Cyclopedia
		Formed after WW II as a result of division of the General* Ev.
		The Divine Liturgy is regarded as the crowning service, because all others draw their central sanctification from it, because it was celebrated by Christ, and because it joins the believer, by communion of the body and blood of Christ, to the source of all graces.
		The ancient patriarchates: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem; Constantinople is regarded by many as having primacy of honor.
	www.lcms.org /ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=e&t2=a (2018 words)

	THE CHURCH OF ST. EUPHEMIA NEAR THE HIPPODROME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		In 1454, shortly after the Fall of Constantinople, the Patriarch Gennadius II Scholarius transferred the relic of the Saint to the patriarchal church.
		On 8 July 1704, the Patriarch Gabriel III of Chalcedon issued an apodeixis to the Christians of Constantinople enjoining that the feast-day of St. Euphemia be celebrated annually with a procession round her holy relic placed in the middle of the patriarchal church.
		It shows an Ecumenical Patriarch accompanied by three clerics, kneeling before the Virgin and presenting a model of the church of St. Euphemia.
	www.patriarchate.org /ecumenical_patriarchate/chapter_4/html/st._euphemia.html (852 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The Patriarch of Constantinople is allowed to oversee the administration of Christian law among his flock.
		And though Gennadius was a vocal opponent of His All-Holiness’s policies, he prayed for the life and soul of Menador.
		Gennadius was shocked to hear the council had met without him hearing of it sooner but that shock was overwhelmed by the excitement of this incredible news.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?s=&postid=1963382 (5869 words)

	GENNA - LoveToKnow Article on GENNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The responsibility for happiness or unhappiness, good or bad fortune, lay with the genius; but this does not suppose the existence of two genii for man, the one good and the other bad (7aOo~5atp.o.iv, xaKoandLL/Acov),an idea borrowed from the Greek philosophers.
		The Roman genius, representing mans natural optimism, always endeavoured to guide him to happiness; that man was intended to enjoy life is shown by the fact that the Roman spoke of indulging or cheating his genius of his due according as he enjoyed himself or failed to do so, when he had the opportunity.
		As the representative of a mans higher self and participating in a divine nature, the genius could besworn by, and a person could take an oath by his own or some one elses genius.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GENNA.htm (2362 words)

	Adventure Tours - Pammacaristos
		It is believed that the famous meeting between the Patriarch Gennadius Scholarius and Mehmet 11 the Conqueror and their discussion on questions of religion, took place here.
		When, three years after the Fall of Constantinople, the Patriarchate was shifted from the Holy Apostles to the Pammakaristos (1456), the holy relics and other valuable possessions were transferred to the new see.
		In the thirdpatriarchy of Simeon I of Trebizond (1466, 1471-74, 1481-86), the local Synod denouncing the <> of Florence and regulating relations between the Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches was convened in the Pammakaristos.
	www.adventuretours.com.tr /showinfo.asp?InfoNo=38&Referrer=106 (248 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: List_of_Byzantine_Empire-related_topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodox Church calendar, Emperor, Empire, Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Trebizond, Enrico Dandolo, Eparchy of Krizevci, Epiphanius of Constantinople, Epirus, Eudocia, Eudocia Macrembolitissa, Eudoxia, Eudoxius of Antioch, Euphrosyne, Eusebius of Nicomedia, Eustathias, Eustathius Garidas, Euthymius II of Constantinople, Euthymius Syncellus, Eutyches, Evagrius of Constantinople, Evagrius Scholasticus, Exarch
		Kaloyan of Bulgaria, Karl Eduard Zachariae, Karl Krumbacher, Kay Khusrau I, Kerak, Khazaria, Khazars, Khosrau I of Persia, Khosrau II of Persia, Kievan Rus', Kilij Arslan I, Kilij Arslan II, Kingdom of Cyprus Kingdom of Thessalonica, Krum, Kyiv
		Ravenna, Raymond IV of Toulouse, Raymond of Antioch, Raynald of Chatillon, Renaissance, Richard I of England, Robert Graves, Robert Guiscard, Robert of Ketton, Roger de Flor, Roger II of Sicily, Roman Empire, Roman law, Romanus I, Romanus II, Romanus III, Romanus IV, Rome, Romulus Augustus, Rossano Gospels, RÃ¼m
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=List_of_Byzantine_Empire-related_topics (321 words)

	Ottoman Empire . Ottoman Coat of Arms . 1299 . Currency . North Africa . French language . 17th century . 1924 . Fall ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The final shape was adopted by Sultan Abdul Hamid II on April 17, 1882.
		Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque, although the Greek Orthodox Church remained intact, and Patriarch Gennadius II Gennadius Scholarius was appointed Patriarch of Constantinople.
		Murad III succeeds Selim II as Ottoman Emperor Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.uk.knowledge-info.org /Ottoman_Empire-UK-0848008-qy (984 words)

	Encyclopedia: 1471
		Events Ottoman sultan Mehmed II defeats the White Sheep Turkmens lead by Uzun Hasan at Otlukbeli Axayacatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan invades the territory of neighboring Aztec city of Tlatelolco.
		Events December 12 - Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile and her sister Juana who was supported by her husband, Alfonso V of Portugal.
		Pope Paul II, nÃ© Pietro Barbo (February 23, 1417 – July 26, 1471), was pope from 1464 to 1471.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1471 (2873 words)

	Excerpts from the Orthodox Church by Bishop Kallistos Ware
		The Patriarch of Constantinople is known as the "Ecumenical" (or universal) Patriarch, and since the schism between east and west he has enjoyed a position of special honor among all the Orthodox communities; but he does not have the right to interfere in the internal affairs of other Churches.
		The five Patriarchates between them divided into spheres of jurisdiction the whole of the known world, apart from Cyprus, which was granted independence by the Council of Ephesus and has remained self-governing ever since.
		Secondly, the see of Rome also owed its primacy to the position occupied by the city of Rome in the Empire: she was the capital, the chief city of the ancient world, and such in some measure she continued to be even after the foundation of Constantinople.
	www.fatheralexander.org /booklets/english/history_timothy_ware_1.htm (20566 words)

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