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Topic: Patriarch Maximus of Constantinople

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	Greek Church
		-- The Servian Patriarchate of Carlovitz in Hungary.
		The superior hierarchy of a Greek Church at the period we are treating of, viz., from the fourth to the tenth century, was composed of a patriarch, a catholicos, the greater metropolitans, the autocephalous metropolitans, the archbishops and the bishops.
		After the patriarch in the capital, and in their dioceses after the metropolitans and bishops, the chief dignitary was the archdeacon, a sort of vicar-general having direct control over the clergy, if not over the faithful of the diocese.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/g/greek_church.html (18726 words)

	Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Patriarch Athenagoras was born Aristokles Spyrou in Vasilikón, near Ioannina, Epirus, Greece, on March 25, 1886.
		As patriarch, he was actively involved with the World Council of Churches and improving relations with the Bishop of Rome.
		A Protest to Patriarch Athenagoras On the Lifting of the Anathemas of 1054 by Metr.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Patriarch_Athenagoras (637 words)

	Maximus the Confessor - OrthodoxWiki
		Maximus supported the Orthodoxy of Rome on this matter and is said to have exclaimed: "I have the faith of the Latins, but the language of the Greeks." He argued for Dyothelitism, the Orthodox teaching that Jesus Christ possessed two wills (one divine and one human), rather than the one will posited by Monothelitism.
		After Pyrrhus, the temporarily deposed Monothelite Patriarch of Constantinople, had declared his defeat in a dispute at Carthage (645), Maximus obtained the heresy's condemnation at several local synods in Africa, and also worked to have it condemned at the Lateran Council of 649.
		Ultimately, Maximus was exonerated by the Sixth Ecumenical Council and recognized as a Father of the Church.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Maximus_the_Confessor (507 words)

	OCA - Feasts and Saints: Life of Saint
		Saint Maximus the Confessor was born in Constantinople around 580 and raised in a pious Christian family.
		This was a sign that St Maximus was a beacon of Orthodoxy during his lifetime, and continues to shine forth as an example of virtue for all.
		The theology of St Maximus the Confessor, based on the spiritual experience of the knowledge of the great Desert Fathers, and utilizing the skilled art of dialectics worked out by pre-Christian philosophy, was continued and developed in the works of St Simeon the New Theologian (March 12), and St Gregory Palamas (November 14).
	ocafs.oca.org /FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=100249 (1281 words)

	John Chapman
		Maximus defends the former from the charge of teaching two wills, and denies that the latter ever received the letter of Mennas, the authenticity of which is assumed.
		Maximus reiterated the Roman view that to forbid the use of an expression was to deny it.
		Maximus is commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 13 August, and in the Greek Menaea on 21 January and 12 and 13 August.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/CEMAXOFC.htm (2685 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073. \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		The champions of the Dyotheletic doctrine were Sophronius of Palestine, Maximus of Constantinople, and the popes Martin and Agatho of Rome; the political supporter, the Emperor Constantine Pogonatus (668–685).
		Maximus Confessor became the champion of Dyotheletism in the Orient and North Africa, and Pope Martinus I. in the West.
		Maximus was born about 580 of a distinguished family in Constantinople, and was for some time private secretary of the Emperor Heraclius, but left this post of honor and influence in 630, and entered a convent in Chrysopolis (now Scutari).
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc4.i.xi.vi.html (1363 words)

	Councils of Constantinople
		Constantinople II was convoked by Justinian I in 553, to condemn the Nestorian writings called the "Three Chapters." Under the virtual tutelage of the emperor, the council proscribed Nestorianism and reconfirmed the doctrine that Christ's two natures, one human and one divine, are perfectly united in one person.
		Constantinople III was summoned by Constantine IV in 680-81 with the consent of Pope Agatho.
		However, if the patriarch of Constantinople and his suffragan bishops come to know of any others who have committed crimes of this kind and neglect to act against them with the necessary zeal, they must be deposed and debarred from the dignity of their priesthood.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/constant.htm (14088 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He is one of the chief names in the Monothelite controversy one of the chief doctors of the theology of the Incarnation and of ascetic mysticism, and remarkable as a witness to the respect for the papacy held by the Greek Church in his day.
		But those of Constantinople, admiring their piety, thought that such a deed ought to be recompensed; and ceasing from urging the document on them, they promised by their diligence to procure the issue of the emperor's order with regard to the episcopal election.
		Maximus defends the former from the charge of teaching two wills, and denies that the latter ever rece *ed the letter of Mennas, the authenticity of which is assumed.
	library.catholic.org /mary/mary19.txt (2547 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: John Beccus
		Patriarch of Constantinople in the second half of the thirteenth century, one of the few Greek ecclesiastics who were sincerely in favour of reunion with the Church of Rome.
		After his elevation to the patriarchal see one of his main objects was to convince of the lawfulnes of the union those of the Greeks who were either partisans of the schism or else had renounced it only in a half-hearted way.
		In April, 1277, a synod was held in Constantinople, where the union was again approved; a letter was also written to Pope John XXI (1276-77), which acknowledged the papal primacy and the orthodoxy of the Latin doctrine on the Procession of the Holy Ghost.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02380b.htm (1025 words)

	This is Life!: Revolutions Around the Cruciform Axis: Our Father Among the Saints, Maximos the Confessor
		Maximus was a Constantinopolian by birth and, at first, a high-ranking courtier at the court of Emperor Heraclius and, after that, a monk and abbot of a monastery not too far from the capitol.
		Maximus opposed that claim and found himself as an opponent of the emperor and the patriarch.
		The theology of St. Maximus the Confessor, based on the spiritual experience of the knowledge of the great Desert Fathers, and utilizing the skilled art of dialectics worked out by pre-Christian philosophy, was continued and developed in the works of St. Symeon the New Theologian (March 12), and St. Gregory Palamas (November 14).
	www.chattablogs.com /aionioszoe/archives/020327.html (1593 words)

	Popes & Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, etc.
		the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, Armenia, and the East; Archbishops of Canterbury and Prince Archbishops of Mainz, Trier, Cologne, and Salzburg
		The Patriarchate of Armenia was thus regarded by the Roman Church as heterodox.
		Similarly heterodox was the Patriarchate of the East, seated at the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon, which had not accepted the decision of the Third Ecumenical Council.
	www.friesian.com /popes.htm (9005 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Egypt \| Maximum upset from Maximus
		Maximus added that he then took "refuge in the Holy Synod to which I belong, and was promoted to Archbishop.
		Maximus appears keen to present himself as one of the late monk's students.
		Another point of contention between Maximus and the Coptic Church is that he calls for bishops to be allowed to marry, against the stipulations of all Orthodox churches: "We received priesthood from the apostles, who themselves were married.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2006/802/eg7.htm (944 words)

	Background, Life, Work: Chapter 1 of Byzantine Gospel - Maximus the Confessor in Modern Scholarship by Fr Aidan Nichols
		Maximus the Confessor (580-662), giant among early Byzantine theologians, stands at the summit of the Greek patristic tradition.
		Maximus came to regard his exile as a permanent state of affairs - though this is it was not to be, thanks to his developing rOle in the empire-wide dispute about both Monothelitism and Monoenergism which henceforth constituted the sole axis of his literary work.
		Maximus' principal aim was to confute the Origenist notion of the henas ton logikôn, or aboriginal unity of all minds, in which he divined the root fault of the Origenist system.
	www.christendom-awake.org /pages/anichols/maximus-1.htm (7008 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		While Cyrus and the patriarch of Constantinople were exchanging messages of joyous satisfaction--Sergius going out of his way to say (with a deft touching up of the quoted text) that this is the very teaching of St. Leo[6]--Sophronius prepared his criticisms.
		But Cyrus referred the monk to Constantinople, and Constantinople bade him be silent, and not start a new controversy, viz., whether in the Word Incarnate there were two "operations" or only one, but keep to the acknowledged teaching that the single person Jesus Christ works acts that are divine and also acts that are human.
		The emperor, on this day, put the question point-blank to the patriarch of Constantinople, whether the doctrine of the passages, as actually found in the Fathers and in the General Councils, tallied with the letter of Agatho and the profession of faith of the western bishops.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun7.html (7071 words)

	OCA - Lives of all saints commemorated on this day
		In the Greek Prologue, August 13 commemorates the Transfer of the Relics of St Maximus from Lazika on the southeast shore of the Black Sea to Constantinople, to the Monastery of the Theotokos at Chrysopolis (where he had been the igumen), across the Bosphoros from Constantinople.
		St Maximus chose one of the most difficult and thorny paths to salvation, having taken upon himself the guise of a fool for the sake of Christ.
		Blessed Maximus died on November 11, 1434 and is buried at the church of the holy Princes Boris and Gleb.
	www.oca.org /FSLivesAllSaints.asp?SID=4&M=8&D=13 (4534 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Maximus of Constantinople
		Maximus then sent a letter to the patrician Peter, apparently the Governor of Syria and Palestine who had written to him concerning Pyrrhus, whom he now calls simply abbot.
		Maximus defends the former from the charge of teaching two wills, and denies that the latter ever rece*ed the letter of Mennas, the authenticity of which is assumed.
		The bishop is ready to consent to two wills and two operations: but St. Maximus says he is himself but a monk and cannot receive his declaration- the bishop, and also the emperor, and the patriarch and his synod, must send a supplication to the pope.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10078b.htm (2759 words)

	Lives of the Saints - Venerable Maximus the Confessor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Saint Maximus was born at the end of the sixth century in Constantinople of noble parents and received an excellent philosophical and theological education.
		A profound theologian of his time and a strict defender of Orthodoxy, Maximus very ably and successfully demonstrated the incorrectness of the Monothelite heresy, for which he was subjected to persecutions many times by the enemies of the Church.
		Venerable Maximus' arguments in behalf of Orthodoxy were so powerful that after a public debate on the faith with Pyrrhus, the Monothelite Patriarch of Constantinople, the latter renounced the heresy in 645.
	www.stjohndc.org /russian/saints/e_9502a.htm (588 words)

	Constantinople on the Web - History, Society, Monasticism, the Fall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Constantinople is perhaps the only city in the world for which it suffices to say -- The City, and it is known of which one speaks.
		The final emperor was so close to his people he refused to flee Constantinople when its fall was eminent and fought to his own death with his people in defense of his empire.
		With the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453...
	www.ellopos.net /elpenor/greek-texts/greek-resources-constantinople.asp (1423 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Fifth Ecumenical Council: Constantinople II, 553
		Among those present were the Patriarchs, Eutychius of Constantinople, who presided, Apollinaris of Alexandria, Domninus of Antioch, three bishops as representatives of the Patriarch Eustochius of Jerusalem, and 145 other metropolitans and bishops, of whom many came also in the place of absent colleagues.
		Moreover we know that the manuscript kept in the patriarchal archives at Constantinople had been tampered with during the century that elapsed before the next Ecumenical Synod, for at that council the forgeries and interpolations were exposed by the Papal Legates.
		Theodosius, 150 at Constantinople, Theodosius the younger, the Synod of Ephesus, the Emperor Marcian, the bishops at Chalcedon.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/const2.html (7774 words)

	BYZANTIUM: Patriarchs of Constantinople: Dates
		In later Byzantine history the claim that the Patriarch of Constantinople was in lineal descent from Andrew, the first apostle, was promoted in contrast to the Roman claims of descent from Peter.
		Since canonization was long a haphazard affair in the Orthodox Church, the statuses and feasts of patriarchs before 1081 are taken from the Synaxarium of Constantinople as edited by Hippolyte Delahaye.
		The saintliness of later patriarchs is not yet secure, based on a variety of pieces of information.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/byzantium/texts/byzpatcp.html (704 words)

	John, Bishop of Nikiu: Chronicle. London (1916). English Translation
		the lightnings on Constantinople, and the fire flamed from sea to sea: and the conversion of the heathen philosopher Isocasius to the orthodox faith.
		And concerning the terrible pestilence which prevailed in Constantinople: and the fall of the mountain in Syria and the apostasy of Basiliscus after the manner of the Chalcedonians for corruptible goods.
		And concerning the reign of the emperor Zenon over the imperial city of Constantinople, and the banishment of Basiliscus for life, and the death which was inflicted on the judges because of their negligence in the administration of justice.
	www.tertullian.org /fathers/nikiu2_chronicle.htm (22001 words)

	Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople - OrthodoxWiki
		Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I (left) with Pope Paul VI Patriarch Athenagoras I (March 25, 1886–July 7, 1972) was the 268th Patriarch of Constantinople from 1948 to 1972.
		Patriarch Athenagoras was born Aristokles Spyrou in Vasilikón, near Ioánnina, Epirus, Greece, on March 25, 1886.
		"Patriarch Athenagoras: Prophet of Love" by Bishop John (Kallos) of Thermon (Orthodox Research Institute)
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Athenagoras_I_(Spyrou)_of_Constantinople (500 words)

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