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Topic: Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Photius of Constantinople
		Photius was a child and young man, and argues from his exact and systematic knowledge of all branches of learning that he could not have been entirely self-taught (op.
		Photius because that of the pope was obviously sufficient.
		Photius was banished to a monastery at Stenos on the Bosphorus.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12043b.htm (3271 words)

	Photius I of Constantinople - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The way to public life was probably opened for him by the marriage of his brother Sergius to the princess Irene, sister of Theodora, who upon the death of her husband Theophilus in 842, had assumed the regency of the empire.
		Photius became the champion of Eastern Christianity against Latin pretensions; and when in 863 Nicholas finally anathematized and deposed him, he replied with a counter-excommunication.
		The fall of Photius followed; he was removed from his office and banished about the end of September 867, a few days after the accession of Basil, and Ignatius was reinstated on November 23.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Patriarch_Photius_I_of_Constantinople (914 words)

	Photius I of Constantinople: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Photius I of Constantinople
		The way to public life was probably opened for him by the marriage of his brother Sergius to the princess Irene, sister of Theodora, who upon the death of her husband Theophilus II in 842, had assumed the regency of the empire.
		Ignatius was arrested and imprisoned (858), and upon refusing to resign his office was illegally deposed, while Photius, a layman, was inducted into the priesthood within six days, and was installed as patriarch in his place.
		Photius felt himself the champion of Eastern Christianity against Latin pretensions; and when in 863 Nicholas finally anathematized and deposed him, he replied with a counter-excommunication.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ph/Photius.html (918 words)

	Constantinople (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Constantinople was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire.
		Patriarch of Constantinople, deposed on a wicked pretext.
		Constantinople, The Rite of The Liturgies, Divine Office, forms for the administration of sacraments and for various blessings, sacramentals, and exorcisms, of the Church of Constantinople.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Constantinople.html (437 words)

	Photius. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Photius was one of the most learned men of his time, a professor in the university at Constantinople and, under Byzantine Emperor Michael III, president of the imperial chancellery.
		When the head of the sterner orthodox faction, St. Ignatius of Constantinople was deposed (858) from the patriarchate, Photius, a layman, was rushed through the stages of the holy orders and installed in the position.
		Photius continued as patriarch until the accession of Byzantine Emperor Leo VI in 886, when he was forced to resign under imperial pressure; he died in exile.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ph/Photius.html (500 words)

	Photius the Great - OrthodoxWiki
		Photius was condemned as patriarch by the Robber Council of 869-870, but the Eighth Ecumenical Council (879-880) affirmed his restoration to his see.
		Photius convened a council in the Church of the Holy Apostles in 859.
		Photius was deposed as patriarch not so much because he was a protegé of Bardas and Michael, but because Basil I was seeking an alliance with the pope and the western emperor.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Photius_the_Great (1619 words)

	Encyclopedia: Patriarch Photius
		Constantinople ca. 820 - Bordi (Armenia), February 6, 891) is widely regarded as the greatest patriarch of Constantinople (858-861 and 878-886) since the times of John Chrysostom.
		The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion.
		Events Patriarch Ignatius is imprisoned and (December 25) deposed to be succeeded by patriarch Photius I. Louis the German invades West Francia, hoping to secure Aquitaine from his brother Charles the Bald, but fails.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Patriarch-Photius (1990 words)

	Adrian II Constantinople-4
		Photius did this in such a way that as a result all the existing bishops and priests, that is, the other patriarchal sees and all the clerics within them, were included in the same anathema, for all were most certainly in communion with the leading bishop, and amongst them himself and his followers.
		As for the churches which Photius and those who were ordained by him are thought to have consecrated and the altars which they are thought to have renovated after they had been torn down, we decree that they are to be consecrated, anointed and renovated again.
		However, if the patriarch of Constantinople and his suffragan bishops come to know of any others who have committed crimes of this kind and neglect to act against them with the necessary zeal, they must be deposed and debarred from the dignity of their priesthood.
	home.comcast.net /~jphigham/tanner/constantinople-4.htm (6561 words)

	Photius - MSN Encarta
		Photius (circa 820-91?), patriarch of Constantinople (858-67, 877-86), one of the greatest scholars of the Byzantine Middle Ages.
		Born to a noble family in Constantinople (present-day İstanbul), Photius had a brilliant career as a diplomat and scholar before being elected patriarch to replace Ignatius, who was in conflict with the government of Emperor Michael III.
		The two patriarchates of Photius were marked by the rapid expansion of Byzantine Christianity in eastern Europe.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761574226 (413 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Photius
		Photius was one of the most learned men of his time, a professor in the university at Constantinople and, under Byzantine Emperor Michael III, president of the...
		Controversy between Eastern and Western Christianity in the 9th century, triggered by the opposition of the Roman pope to the appointment of Photius as patriarch of Constantinople.
		When Ignatius died, John recognized Photius as patriarch and called the council (879-80) that momentarily reconciled the differences between East and West.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Photius&StartAt=1 (610 words)

	Constantinople
		Constantinople could not afford them out of normal revenue and hence the funds to pay for them had to be raised form abnormal taxation which crippled trade and industry of every kind - at the same time during which very heavy war taxation was to pay for Justinian's and Belisarius' campaigns.
		Then in AD 866 the Synod of Constantinople gave the imperial reply to their patriarch's excommunication by formulating the pronouncement which marked the irrevocable parting of the church in the east from the church in the west.
		Constantinople itself would most likely have fallen were not to have been for the stubborn resistance against the Ottoman Turks by the Slavonic states, and more so, by the devastating advance of Tamerlane in Central Asia.
	www.roman-empire.net /constant/constantinople.html (13388 words)

	OCA - Lives of all saints commemorated on this day
		St Gennadius, Patriarch of Constantinople (August 31), and the emperor Leo, having learned of the sacred treasure, were convinced of the incorrupt state of the holy Robe, and they certified its authenticity.
		Patriarch Photius in an encyclical of the year 867 called the Baptism of the Bulgarians and the Russians as among the chief accomplishments of his archpastoral service.
		Saint Photius, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, was by birth a Greek from the Peloponnesian city of Monembasia (Malbasia).
	www.oca.org /FSLivesAllSaintsPrint.asp?M=7&D=2 (3900 words)

	The Basic Sources of the Teachings of the Eastern Orthodox Church
		Patriarch Photius of Constantinople was an outstanding hierarch and leader who as a layman was elected patriarch by vote of the people and ecclesiastical authorities.
		Encyclical of the Synod in Constantinople in 1722 to the Orthodox Antiochians.
		Encyclicals of the Patriarchate of Constantinople referring to the Ecumenical Movement of the Churches in 1920 and 1952.
	www.goarch.org /en/ourfaith/articles/article7064.asp (3696 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: John the Faster
		Constantinople had commonly been called ’archiepískopos daì patriárches, but at various times he (and other patriarchs) had been addressed as o‘ikoumenikòs patriárches.
		Constantinople is subject to the Apostolic See?" (Epp., IX, xii, ibid., 957); and again: "I know of no bishop who is not subject to the Apostolic See" (ibid.).
		patriarch, at his death, left no property but a cloak, a blanket, and a praying-stool, which the emperor kept as relics.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08493a.htm (1585 words)

	Encyclopedia: Nicephorus, patriarch of Constantinople
		He was born in Constantinople of a strictly orthodox family, which had suffered from the earlier iconoclasm.
		After the death of Saint Tarasius, although still a layman, he was chosen patriarch by the wish of the emperor (Easter, April 12, 806).
		His remains were solemnly brought back to Constantinople on March 13, 847, and interred in the Church of the Apostles, where they were annually the object of imperial devotion.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nicephorus,-patriarch-of-Constantinople (1379 words)

	Councils of Constantinople
		Constantinople II was convoked by Justinian I in 553, to condemn the Nestorian writings called the "Three Chapters." Under the virtual tutelage of the emperor, the council proscribed Nestorianism and reconfirmed the doctrine that Christ's two natures, one human and one divine, are perfectly united in one person.
		Constantinople III was summoned by Constantine IV in 680-81 with the consent of Pope Agatho.
		The gathering in Constantinople of 150 Eastern bishops at the request of the Emperor Theodosius I was later regarded by the Council of Chalcedon (451) as the second great ecumenical council of the church.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/constant.htm (14088 words)

	St. Irene Chrysovalantou \| Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople
		St Photius received an excellent education and, since his family was related to the imperial house, he occupied the position of first state secretary in the Senate.
		St Photius, as a firm defender of truth and denouncer of falsehood, wrote an encyclical informing the Eastern bishops of the Pope's actions, indicating that the departure of the Roman Church from Orthodoxy was not only in ritual, but also in its confession of faith.
		Summoned to the council, St Photius met all the accusations of the legates with a dignified silence.
	www.stirene.org /Archives/February/0206-StPhotius.htm (984 words)

	October 5: 8th General Council; Christian History Institute
		One thing led to another, and Photius condemned the Roman church over several issues, including the way it handled Lent, its refusal to allow priests to marry, and for unilaterally changing the words of the creed where it spoke of the Holy Spirit.
		This was the last of the general councils held in the east--and it is not accepted by the Eastern Orthodox church.
		In a council held in 879-80, Photius was restored as the patriarch of Constantinople.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/10/daily-10-05-2001.shtml (526 words)

	Emilianos Timiadis - A Lesson from the Byzantine Missionaries - The Heritage of Patriarch Photius
		One of the pioneers in adapting the gospel to the culture, language and particularities of a given indigenous nation or society was Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople (810-895).
		Photius enumerated and strongly recommended as a very legitimate practice the use of different spoken languages and cultures in different churches of his time with all their different dialects, expressions and idioms.
		Photiusâ vision to proclaim the gospel to far distant countries emanates from a human compassion and principle that spiritual treasures must be shared and not be kept exclusive to a few.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/timiades_byzantine_1.html (1578 words)

	Balsamon on the Powers of the Patriarch of Constantinople
		THE Bishop of Constantinople, however, shall have the prerogative of honour after the Bishop of Rome; because Constantinople is New Rome.
		But I, who am the most unmixed citizen of Constantinople, and have been part of the most holy throne of Constantinople, both want and pray that Constantinople has, by the grace of God and without any stumbling block, all the privileges bestowed upon her by the divine canons.
		"was the patriarch's hand and mouth...for which reason the keys of the kingdom of heaven are given to the chartophylax".
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/balsamon-cpl.html (1294 words)

	Photius, SAINT
		Patriarch of Constantinople (858-867 and 877-886, feast day February 6), is considered the greatest of all Byzantine patriarchs.
		In addition, Photios established, or reorganized, the patriarchal school in Constantinople for the education of priests in literature and philosophy as well as in theology.
		It was the precedents and the increase in patriarchal authority that developed under Photios which enabled the Church and subsequent patriarchs to surmount the difficult times which followed for both the state and Church.
	www.agiasofia.com /people/photius.html (608 words)

	HTC: Canonical Status of the Patriarch of Constantinople
		In this document the Patriarch of Constantinople is distinguished from other Eastern patriarchs in that he is recognized as the first among them with the right to resolve any disputes in the other patriarchates.
		The Patriarch of Constantinople retained his high status as Bishop of the capital even after the fall of Byzantium and the occupation of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453.
		The Patriarch of Constantinople’s title as "Ecumenical", which evolved by way of custom, but which of itself does not grant the Patriarch of Constantinople any kind of jurisdiction beyond the borders of his patriarchate, but merely a temporary expansion of that patriarchate in the epoch of the extension of the Byzantine Empire.
	www.holy-trinity.org /ecclesiology/afonsky-constantinople.html (3529 words)

	Photius, SAINT
		Patriarch of Constantinople (858-867 and 877-886, feast day February 6), is considered the greatest of all Byzantine patriarchs.
		In addition, Photios established, or reorganized, the patriarchal school in Constantinople for the education of priests in literature and philosophy as well as in theology.
		It was the precedents and the increase in patriarchal authority that developed under Photios which enabled the Church and subsequent patriarchs to surmount the difficult times which followed for both the state and Church.
	members.fortunecity.com /fstav1/people/photius.html (616 words)

	Church of Russia - OrthodoxWiki
		Around 864 Patriarch Photius sent a bishop to Kiev(capital of present day Ukraine), but this was stopped by Oleg, who assumed power at Kiev (the chief Rus' city at this time) in 878.
		The patriarchs of the ancient churches recognized the Russian patriarch as the fifth in honor, defining the canonical boundaries of the Church of Russia as being that of the Russian Empire.
		The Council elected Metropolitan Tikhon of Moscow Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' (1917-1925).
	orthodoxwiki.org /Moscow_Patriarchate (2560 words)

	HISTORY OF THE BYZANTINE GRECO-SLAV SCHISM
		Two Councils were then held in Constantinople (the 8th Ecumenical Council in 869 A.D. which condemned and deposed Photius as Patriarch) and the Council of 879-880 A.D. which rehabilitated Photius with the consent of Pope John VIII who sought to restore peace and unity among the Byzantines.
		Though the Byzantine Greco-Slav Schism did not finalize with the Patriarch Photius or even later with the Patriarch Michael Cerularius in 1054, Photius' attacks on latin liturgical practices and discipline and, more grave, his doctrine denying that the Holy Spirit proceeded from the Father and the Son were to spread among the Byzantines.
		When the Crusaders set up their chosen Patriarch for the See of Antioch in 1100 A.D., with Constantinople and the Greeks supporting a rival Patriarch in exile, a schism was created between Latins and Greeks which would spread as rival hierarchies resulted from the further establishment of a Latin Empire in the East.
	credo.stormloader.com /byschism.htm (1805 words)

	Photius
		6, 891?, patriarch of Constantinople (858-67, 877-86), was long considered the initiator of the schism between the Eastern and Western churches.
		A reconciliation eventually occurred between Ignatius and Photius, and Photius was restored (878) to the patriarchate after the death of Ignatius.
		Dvornik, Francis, The Patriarch Photius in the Light of Recent Research (1958) and The Photian Schism, History and Legend (1958); Gerostergios, Asterios, St. Photios the Great (1980; Haugh, Richard, Photius and the Carolingians (1974); Meyendorff, John, Orthodoxy and Catholicity (1966); White, Despina S., Patriarch Photius and His Correspondence (1978).
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/photius.htm (379 words)

	Summary and Evaluation of Medieval Europe 610-1300
		After the secular Photius was confirmed as Constantinople Patriarch in 861, a split developed between Roman Catholics under the Pope and the Eastern Orthodox.
		Photius was recalled in 877 but was deposed by Emperor Leo VI (r.
		Constantinople patriarch Michael Cerularius reasserted the authority of the Eastern Orthodox church but caused a permanent schism from the Roman Catholic church in 1054.
	www.san.beck.org /6-9-Summary.html (12017 words)

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