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Topic: Patrice Lumumba

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Joseph Kasavubu

Moise Tchombe

Moise Tshombe

Joseph Mobutu

Patrice Lumumba University

Katanga

First Congo War

Second Congo War

Noriega

Kasai province

Belgian Congo

1961

Prime Minister

Leopoldville

Alasdair Milne

	Patrice Emery Lumumba
		Lumumba was born in the village of Onalua in Kasai province, Belgian Congo.
		Lumumba was thereupon released from prison and flown to Brussels.
		Lumumba was, however, a man of strong character who intended to pursue his policies, regardless of the enemies he made within his country or abroad.
	www.africawithin.com /lumumba/historical_bio.htm (1202 words)

	Patrice Lumumba - MSN Encarta
		Patrice Lumumba (1925-1961), nationalist leader who served briefly as the first prime minister of the Republic of the Congo (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in 1960.
		Lumumba was born in Onalua in the southern province of Kasai in the Belgian Congo.
		Lumumba was taken from prison and flown to Brussels, Belgium, where negotiations with Congolese activists led to the scheduling of unconditional independence for the almost totally unprepared colony.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559104/Patrice_Lumumba.html (611 words)

	Patrice Lumumba Summary
		Patrice Lumumba was born on July 2, 1925, at Onalua near the town of Katako-Kombe in the Sankuru district of northeastern Kasai.
		Lumumba's growing prestige as well as his comparative radicalism, however, antagonized other MNC leaders, and the outcome was a split in the ranks of the party (July 1959), as a result of which most of the original founders of the party rallied behind Albert Kalonji while Lumumba retained the bulk of the rank and file.
		Lumumba was born in Onalua in the Kasai province of the Belgian Congo.
	www.bookrags.com /Patrice_Lumumba (4010 words)

	We should always remember Patrice Lumumba
		Patrice Lumumba was rooted in his determination to fight against the forces of the European world in the most turbulent period of the history of the Congo.
		This statement by Patrice Lumumba caused the white world and their African servants to conspire in the next year to find a way to get rid of this most courageous spokesman for the interests of the Congolese people.
		Patrice Lumumba was assassinated on January 17, 1961 at the hands of African mercenaries working in the interests of the Europeans through the United States and the CIA.
	www.finalcall.com /perspectives/Lumumba07-24-2001.htm (846 words)

	Patrice Lumumba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lumumba was born in Onalua in the Katakokombe region of the Kasai province of the Belgian Congo, a member of the Tetela ethnic group.
		Lumumba was arrested on December 1, 1960, by troops of Mobutu.
		Patrice Lumumba on the modern Congolese 1 Franc banknote.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Patrice_Lumumba (3254 words)

	Sobaka :: This Man Died for Your Sins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Lumumba's hints of Soviet support (and an initial delivery of transport planes, trucks and, it was alleged, small arms) had drawn the interest, and the ire, of the United States.
		Lumumba, who had only been in office at this point for a mere sixty-seven days (a fact often lost on those who defend the persecution of this "Soviet puppet" - he did not even have the chance to do anything threatening!), denounced the move as illegal, and in turn called for Kasavubu's resignation.
		Patrice Lumumba was murdered, not for what he did, but what he might have done.
	www.diacritica.com /sobaka/2002/lumumba.html (2383 words)

	HISTORY NOTES: THE PASSING OF PATRICE LUMUMBA
		When Lumumba found that the UN troops could not be used as a private army to put down his political opponents he became disenchanted with their presence in his country.
		Patrice Lumumba was pulled from power mostly by his own people, who were being manipulated by forces of change and power alien to their understanding.
		Lumumba had pledged to give assistance to the African nations to the east and the south of the Congo who are still struggling to attain independence, particularly Angola.
	www.cwo.com /~lucumi/lumumba2.html (3839 words)

	raceandhistory.com - Who Killed Lumumba?
		Lumumba was born in the tiny village of Onalua, in Kasai Province.
		Lumumba was now viewed as both a hero of the independence movement and a dangerous troublemaker.
		Patrice Lumumba was now put under informal house arrest at the Prime Minster's residence.
	www.raceandhistory.com /historicalviews/Lumumbascript.html (4847 words)

	Patrice Lumumba and the 27th NBUF Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The meaning of the life and work of Patrice Lumumba was rooted in his determination to fight against the forces of the European world in the most turbulent period of the history of the Congo.
		Patrice Lumumba was born July 2, 1925 in Katako Kombe, a small village in a remote area of the African continent, then referred to as the Congo.
		Lumumba was able to see that independence and freedom for his people would not come through the efforts of the Liberal Party or negotiations with the Europeans.
	www.finalcall.com /artman/publish/article_2752.shtml (785 words)

	RW ONLINE:Patrice Lumumba: Rebellion and Murder in the Congo
		Lumumba had support among the masses of people--but the main apparatus of state power and the whole structure of finance and mining were all left over from colonial times.
		Patrice Lumumba was flown first to Leopoldville and shown to gathered journalists and diplomats.
		Patrice Lumumba died in the chilly early morning of January 18, 1961, pierced by the bullets of a firing squad.
	rwor.org /a/v23/1110-19/1111/lumumba.htm (3311 words)

	Lumumba, Patrice - Profiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Lumumba, together with two of his colleagues, represented the MNC at the All-African People's conference, which was being hosted by President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.
		Lumumba once again ran into trouble with the authorities and in late 1959, he was arrested for inciting a riot in Stanleyville, in which 30 people died and 100 were wounded.
		Patrice Lumumba was arrested near Stanleyville, as he escaped from house arrest and he soon suffered the wrath of his enemies who later tortured him and eventually brutally assassinated him on January 17th, 1961 in Katanga.
	people.africadatabase.org /en/profile/2860.html (1065 words)

	The unquiet death of Patrice Lumumba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Lumumba was among the most courageous and principled figures in a generation of young nationalist leaders who came forward in the second half of the twentieth century to claim freedom from European colonialism.
		Lumumba’s forthright demands for economic independence, social justice and political self-determination, and his hostility to a political setup based upon tribal divisions, which the colonialists had effectively used to divide and rule Africa, sealed his fate.
		Lumumba was unable to counter the enemies arrayed against him because, in the final analysis, he too was balancing between the imperialists on the one hand and the oppressed African masses on the other.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2002/jan2002/lumu-j16.shtml (2323 words)

	Patrice Lumumba's independence struggle and assassination - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		Lumumba was born on July 2, 1925, just under 35 years before political independence came to the Belgian Congo (as the country was known while a colony) on June 30, 1960 after a long and bitter fight.
		Lumumba was eventually released from prison and became prime minister on June 23, 1960.
		Appeals by Lumumba to the United Nations to expel the Belgians from the newly independent country of the Congo fell on deaf ears.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /lifestyle/html/20060121T210000-0500_96984_OBS_PATRICE_LUMUMBA_S_INDEPENDENCE_STRUGGLE_AND_ASSASSINATION_.asp (732 words)

	Patrice Lumumba
		He was the leader of the Congolese National Movement which sought to achieve independence from colonial rule for the African country.
		The country soon became engulfed in civil war and Lumumba was assassinated in 1961.
		Kanza, Thomas R. The Rise and Fall of Patrice Lumumba: Conflict in the Congo.
	www.historycentral.com /Bio/people/Lumumba.html (58 words)

	Green Left - Patrice Lumumba: `history will have its say'
		Lumumba ends as the film begins, with a heart-wrenching dramatisation of the brutal 1961 assassination of Patrice Lumumba, the first prime minister of independent Democratic Republic of the Congo, along with two of his ministers, Maurice Mpolo and Joseph Okito.
		Lumumba's assassination, by an execution squad commanded by a Belgian captain, was the subject of a recent Belgian parliamentary commission.
		Lumumba was released from jail, after being tortured, to participate in a conference in Brussels, where it was agreed that the Congo would gain formal independence on June 30, 1960.
	www.greenleft.org.au /2002/481/28775 (949 words)

	The Passing of Patrice Lumumba
		When Lumumba found that the UN troops could not be used as a private army to put down his political opponents he became disenchanted with their presence in his country.
		Patrice Lumumba was pulled from power mostly by his own people, who were being manipulated by forces of change and power alien to their understanding.
		Lumumba had pledged to give assistance to the African nations to the east and the south of the Congo who are still struggling to attain independence, particularly Angola.
	www.nbufront.org /html/MastersMuseums/JHClarke/Contemporaries/LumumbaPassing.html (3837 words)

	Der gewaltsame Tod von Patrice Lumumba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Lumumbas offene und aufrichtige Forderung nach ökonomischer Unabhängigkeit, sozialer Gerechtigkeit und politischer Selbstbestimmung und seine Feindschaft gegenüber einer politischen Ordnung, die auf ethnischen Spaltungen basiert - welche die Kolonialherren effektiv genutzt hatten, um Afrika zu teilen und zu beherrschen - besiegelten sein Schicksal.
		Lumumba lud Friedenstruppen der Vereinten Nationen ein, aber die UNO ordnete sich den Machenschaften Belgiens und der Vereinigten Staaten unter und weigerte sich, Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um die Ermordung des neuen Premierministers zu verhindern.
		Nach seinem Tod wurde Lumumba zu einer harmlosen Ikone der afrikanischen Befreiung und Dritte-Welt-Politik gemacht.
	www.wsws.org /de/2002/jan2002/lumu-j25.shtml (2388 words)

	Willamette Week Online \| News \| \| The Making of a "Terrorist" \| Wednesday October 16th, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Lumumba's wife could not be reached for comment, and his parents did not respond to requests for interviews.
		Lumumba is described as a model intern in his two stints in Mayor Vera Katz's international-relations office, in 1998 and 1999.
		Lumumba did not socialize with the half-dozen Arabs in the complex, says his neighbor, Libyan-born Adam Drissi--perhaps because they are nonobservant Muslims who like to drink alcohol while socializing.
	www.wweek.com /story.php?story=3246 (4112 words)

	Patrice Lumumba
		Patrice Lumumba, the son of a farmer, was born in Katako Kombe in the central Congo on 2nd July, 1925.
		Lumumba called for the Congo to be granted its immediate independence from Belgium.
		Lumumba was arrested by Mobutu's soldiers and transferred to Elizabethville, Katanga, where he was murdered on 17th January, 1961.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /COLDlumumba.htm (321 words)

	Remembering the Congo: Patrice Lumumba
		Since the assassination of the great African leader, Patrice Lumumba, on January 17, 1961, Zaire has become a virtual puppet of the United States and the rest of the western world.
		Patrice Hemery Lumumba was born July 2, 1925 in Katako Kombe, a small village in a remote area, then referred to as the Congo.
		In his efforts to develop his skills Patrice had a variety of work experiences that included working in a hospital and a post office that gave him greater insights to the overall oppression of the Congolese people.
	afgen.com /patrice_lumumba.html (1363 words)

	The Militant - July 23, 2001 -- Patrice Lumumba and revolution in the Congo
		Claiming that Lumumba was inspiring "racial hatred" and couldn't be trusted to govern the Congo, they rushed in new troops, and separated Katanga from the Congo Republic--using Moise Tshombe, a wealthy plantation owner and businessman as their Katanga front-man.
		Overridden by the U.S. and her UN lackeys, their motion to restore Lumumba was defeated November 22 by a vote of 53-to-24.
		On December lst, Lumumba was seized, publicly mauled in a truck before U.S. TV cameras and imprisoned in Leopoldville; this while UN forces stood by.
	www.themilitant.com /2001/6528/652850.html (3181 words)

	Patrice Lumumba information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Patrice Emery Lumumba (2 July, 1925 - 17 January, 1961) was an African nationalist leader and the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo when it declared its independence in June 1960.
		A 1960 conference in Belgium agreed to bring independence forward to June 1960 with elections in May. Lumumba and the MNC formed the first government on June 23, 1960, with Lumumba as Congo's first prime minister and Joseph Kasavubu as its ceremonial president.
		In 1966 Patrice Lumumba was proclaimed national hero and martyr in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
	www.search.com /reference/Patrice_Lumumba (2117 words)

	Congo
		On 17 January 1961 at 5.30am Patrice Lumumba, the first fl prime minister of the newly independent Congo, was taken from his prison cell and driven to an airstrip where he and his aides were pushed onto a plane bound for Katanga.
		From the airfield Lumumba was taken to a house where Belgian dignitaries, President Tshombe and his minister, Kibwe, paid a final visit.
		A plot was hatched for the 'élimination définitive' of Patrice Lumumba.
	pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk /sr255/otoole.htm (932 words)

	Patrice Lumumba - Mysteries of History - U.S. News Online
		His target: the toothbrush of Patrice Lumumba, Congo's charismatic first prime minister, who was also feared to be a rabid Communist.
		When Lumumba arrived in Katanga, on January 17, accompanied by several Belgians, he was bleeding from a severe beating.
		Today, at least five countries are fighting in Congo and Lumumba's son, an opposition leader, spent several weeks in a Kinshasa jail cell on politically motivated charges.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/doubleissue/mysteries/patrice.htm (739 words)

	Bill Vann, The unquiet death of Patrice Lumumba
		The main aim to pursue in the interests of the Congo, Katanga and Belgium is clearly Lumumbas definitive elimination, said the memorandum.
		Pecks film Lumumba acutely captures the immense social contradictions underlying the independence movement and the class position of Africas new petty-bourgeois nationalist rulers.
		Above all, Pecks film Lumumba bleakly portrays the new Congolese prime minister as isolated, trapped in a set of political conspiracies that he cannot escape.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/35/286.html (2314 words)

	Patrice Lumumba - Ogali Ogali
		Patrice Lumumba is an historic drama, based closely on actual events (or at least Ogali's interpretation thereof).
		Lumumba is the grand hero, trying to hold the country together, while all the other forces are unreasonable, or even evil.
		Patrice Lumumba is a play of the times, written several years before the crisis in the Congo was even resolved.
	www.complete-review.com /reviews/onitsha/ogali10.htm (593 words)

	Congo 1960-1964 KH
		Patrice Lumumba became the Congo's first prime minister after his party received a plurality of the votes in national elections.
		Influencing this policy, in addition to Washington's ideological aversion to Lumumba, was the fact that a number of prominent administration officials had financial ties to the Katanga wealth.
		CIA officers encouraged and offered to aid these Congolese in their efforts against Lumumba, although there is no evidence that aid was ever provided for the specific purpose of assassination.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Blum/Congo_KH.html (1824 words)

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