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	Patrick Steptoe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Patrick Christopher Steptoe (June 9, 1913, Witney, England - March 21, 1988) was a British obstetrician and gynaecologist and a pioneer of fertility treatment.
		Steptoe was responsible with biologist and physiologist Robert Edwards for developing in vitro fertilisation.
		Steptoe became the Director of the Centre for Human Reproduction, Oldham in 1969.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Patrick_Steptoe (290 words)

	Patrick Steptoe Biography / Biography of Patrick Steptoe Main Biography
		British obstetrician and gynecologist Patrick Steptoe (1913-1988), gained international acclaim when years of hard work resulted in the birth of the world's first "test tube baby." He and colleague, Robert Edwards, delivered a healthy baby girl that had been conceived through in vitro fertilization.
		Early in his medical career, Patrick Steptoe had established a successful practice in obstetrics and gynecology, with a particular interest in the problems of infertility.
		Patrick Christopher Steptoe was born in Oxford, England on June 9, 1913.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-patrick-steptoe (230 words)

	Edwards, Robert Geoffrey - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Edwards, Robert Geoffrey
		With Patrick Steptoe he devised a technique for fertilizing a human egg outside the body and transferring the fertilized embryo to the uterus of a woman.
		Steptoe treated volunteer patients with a fertility drug to stimulate maturation of the eggs in the ovary, while Edwards devised a simple piece of apparatus to be used with the laparoscope for collecting mature eggs from human ovaries.
		In 1971, once they were sure that the fertilized eggs were developing normally, Edwards and Steptoe were ready to introduce an eight-celled embryo into the uterus of a volunteer patient, but their attempts were unsuccessful until 1977, when they abandoned the use of the fertility drug.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Edwards,+Robert+Geoffrey (310 words)

	Robert Edwards (physiologist) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1968 he was able to achieve fertilization of the human egg in the laboratory and started to collaborate with Patrick Steptoe, a gynecologic surgeon from Oldham.
		Edwards and Steptoe founded the Bourne Hall Clinic as a place to advance their work and train new specialists.
		Steptoe, P. C., and Edwards, R. (1978) Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Robert_Edwards_(physiologist) (326 words)

	Patrick Steptoe Biography / Biography of Patrick Steptoe Anatomy and Physiology Biography
		war · england · royal · patrick · medical researchers · replete · fiber optics · mature egg · church organist · oldham ·; royal college · steptoe · gynecologists · fertility problems · oxfordshire england · laparoscopy ·; northeast england · laparoscope · typical pregnancy
		Steptoe and his colleague, English physiologist Robert G. Edwards, received international recognition--both positive and negative--when the first so-called test tube baby was born in 1978.
		Patrick Christopher Steptoe was born in Oxfordshire, England.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-patrick-steptoe-wap (248 words)

	[No title]
		Steptoe, who died in 1988, just after the 1,OOOth test-tube baby was born, was Britain's leading authority on laparoscopy, which allowed the abdomen to be explored without major surgery.
		Steptoe was shunned by his colleagues, and further alienated his peers by teaming up with Edwards.
		Steptoe said, 'I refuse to accept your apology'," In the mid-Eighties Edwards sued several papers, including The Times, for reporting comments by the British Medical Association suggesting, wrongly, that doctors should not work with him because he was involved in cloning.
	www.biotechgov.org /editorials/free/7-24-03-God_not.doc (1363 words)

	The Lasker Foundation \| Former Award Winners, Clinical Medical Research
		He and his colleague Patrick Steptoe, who died in 1988, marched staunchly forward against tremendous opposition from churches, governments, and the press, as well as intense skepticism from scientific colleagues.
		At a critical time near the end of the ripening program, Steptoe would collect the eggs and then Edwards would try and fertilize these eggs in a culture dish with the ejaculated sperm of the potential father.
		Edwards and Steptoe altered the hormone regimen and generated a pregnancy.
	www.laskerfoundation.org /awards/library/2001c_cit.shtml (1746 words)

	Science Show - 21/06/2003: Life Changing Science Part 3Test Tube Babies.
		Patrick Steptoe: I doubt if many gynaecologists had actually seen the details of human eggs being fertilized, and the intrinsic beauty of this was something which had a remarkable effect on me.
		Patrick Steptoe: Whenever we felt downcast, we found that there were these women still attending my infertility clinic, still anxious to go on and see what could be done for them, because they knew they were hopelessly sterile.
		Patrick Steptoe: We had done everything possible to ensure that this was going to be a normal pregnancy and a normal baby.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/ss/stories/s884337.htm (8529 words)

	Guardian \| Many little miracles - and one big party
		The largest gathering of children and young adults born using fertility techniques gathered in the grounds of a stately home in Cambridge to celebrate their existence and provide a testament to the fertility specialists who defied the odds 25 years ago by bringing the first of them into the world.
		But Patrick Steptoe was so sympathetic, and he never did it for the money.
		Steptoe and Edwards realised that if this device, which is inserted through the abdomen, could reach the woman's fallopian tubes, it could also reach the ovaries where the eggs were stored.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4720939-103531,00.html (1066 words)

	PCFS - In Vitro Fertilization
		Robert Edwards, a Ph.D. physiologist, and Patrick Steptoe, a gynecologist, pioneered IVF in Great Britain during the 1970's.
		Steptoe and Edwards' original group of patients had undergone "natural IVF," meaning they were not given fertility drugs.
		As their initial success rates, about 5% per attempt, were higher than that of Steptoe and Edwards, all subsequent new IVF programs also used "stimulated IVF".
	www.donorivf.com /ivf.html (2311 words)

	Alan Turing, Sir Bernard Lovell, Sir Henry Roscoe, James Chadwick, Charles Macintosh and other Science, Mathematics and ...
		Patrick Steptoe was the Oldham Royal Hospital gynaecologist, who, together with Cambridge physiologists Dr Robert Edwards and Doctor Barry Bavister, with a research team from Cambridge University, succeeded in producing the world's first ever 'test tube' baby, Louise Joy Brown, on 25 July 1978.
		She, and Dr Steptoe were the subject of an hour long television documentary which was seen by 400 million people world-wide.
		Steptoe's pioneering IVF procedures were to make possible thousands of births to otherwise childless couples throughout the world, and is widely held to be one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century.
	www.manchester2002-uk.com /celebs/scientists4.html (2507 words)

	Patrick Steptoe & Robert Edwards test tube babies 1978
		How the outstanding, benevolent, clinical research of Patrick Steptoe and Bob Edwards could be totally ignored in this extraordinary fashion remains to be disclosed.
		An excellent account of their work is given in Human in vitro fertilization, by Jennifer Gunning and Veronica English (Dartmouth 1993, ISBN 1 85521 347 8).
		The demonstration by Steptoe and Edwards that a human oocyte, fertilised in vitro, can, after transfer to the uterus, so develop as to become a healthy baby, has transformed the treatment of human infertility and brought unimagined benefits to countless couples.
	age-of-the-sage.org /scientist/Steptoe_Edwards_test_tube_babies.html (281 words)

	History - 20th Century – UK
		Steptoe was senior obstetrician and gynaecologist at Oldham Hospitals (1951-1978).
		Edwards and Steptoe produced detailed assays of steroids in follicular fluid of human follicles approaching ovulation, enabling precise calculations to be made of variations in follicle development.
		June – Dr Patrick Steptoe, speaking at the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology AGM in Cambridge, reported that the use of frozen, rather than fresh eggs, gave a higher success rate and significantly reduced the number of multiple births.
	www.repromed.org.uk /history/20th_uk.htm (2855 words)

	Is your pain really endoemtriosis? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The inventors of human IVF were two Englishmen, Robert Edwards, a biolgist at the Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, and Patrick Steptoe, a gynecologist at Oldham and District General Hospital, 200 miles to the north.
		It was Dr Steptoe's special expertise with laparoscopy in the late 1960s, promising practical access to ovaries and eggs, that led the Dr Edwards to suggest to him the idea of collaborating to develop IVF into a clinical procedure for human infertility.
		Steptoe and Edwards were transferring single blastocysts that we now know do very, very well.
	www.jansen.com.au /silver/20_d.htm (359 words)

	Piercing
		Steptoe and his associates pushed the borders of the human frontier by allowing science to impact on the human existence.
		Thanks to Dr. Steptoe, complex circadian rhythms of hormones responsible for developing the egg follicles and releasing eggs were described.
		Steptoe was able to see her grow up before he died in 1996.
	www.gynob.com /steptoe.htm (828 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 The Reunion -
		He recalls his crucial first meeting with Patrick Steptoe (who died in 1988) and the many years they spent working together until they achieved success.
		Because Edwards was based in Cambridge, and Steptoe was in Oldham, it involved many journeys across the country as they perfected the technique of collecting eggs from a woman, fertilising them in the laboratory and then replacing them in the woman's body.
		But she also remembers the camaraderie of the team: Patrick Steptoe would buy the nurses fish and chips when they'd been working long hours.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/history/reunion/reunion1.shtml (499 words)

	The Health Report: 25 April 2005 - IVF Pioneers
		The gynaecologist was Patrick Steptoe and the biologist who did the science which made it happen was Robert Edwards.
		That was the breakthrough when I heard Louise cry, after she was delivered by caesarean by Patrick I knew that this world that I’d been living in, this world of ideas suddenly was coming through with a vengeance.
		But in 1977 Patrick came to me and said he only had eight months to go in Oldham and then he would have to leave because his contract ran out.
	www.bananasinpyjamas.com /rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s1349685.htm (4585 words)

	Founders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Bourn Hall Clinic was founded in 1980 by the "test tube" baby pioneers Mr Patrick Steptoe and Professor Robert Edwards.
		They had previously collaborated over a number of years, developing the technique of in vitro fertilisation, until in 1978 they together achieved the birth of the World's first "test tube" baby - Louise Brown - at Oldham District Hospital.
		Patrick Steptoe pioneered the technique of laparoscopy, which he was then able to use for collecting eggs, while Professor Edwards provided the scientific expertise, developing methods by which fertilisation and early embryo growth can take place outside the body.
	www.bourn-hall-clinic.co.uk /founders.htm (98 words)

	IVF - In Vitro Fertilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Lesley was diagnosed with bilateral fallopian tube obstruction.
		Steptoe would aspirate the egg from the follicle (egg retrieval) via laparoscopy and Dr. Edwards would fertilize it in vitro and culture the embryo.
		Steptoe would then transfer the embryo back to the uterus (embryo transfer).
	www.ivf1.com /ivf (1358 words)

	Wired News: 'Mommy, Where Did I Come From?'
		A news bulletin about the death of his Uncle Patrick with details about his friend Louise and her revolutionary birth were enough for the precocious youngster to piece together the puzzle.
		Uncle Patrick was Patrick Steptoe, one of the pioneers of in-vitro fertilization, and his friend was Louise Brown, the world's first test-tube baby.
		The treatment pioneered by Steptoe and Edwards has enabled infertile couples to experience the joy of having a child.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,59754,00.html (913 words)

	Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Techniques
		Then came Louise Brown and Dr. Patrick Steptoe, a couple a couple who were destined to be associated forever in the infertility history books before Louise had ever been conceived.
		This is because in 1978, Dr. Steptoe made it possible for Louise to be conceived in a laboratory in England.
		With Dr. Steptoe's technique, called IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), couples who otherwise had no problems that could be fixed surgically now had another option.
	www.gynob.com /art.htm (1504 words)

	timelinescience - treating infertility with IVF - resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		At the same time, Mr Patrick Steptoe, a gynaecologist working at the Royal Oldham Hospital was developing methods of extracting ripe human eggs from the ovary by laparoscopy.
		By 1971 Edwards and Steptoe had met and were sharing their ideas and expertise to work towards a successful fertility treatment.
		They continued their experiments, in spite of growing media pressure and the clamour of groups who were unhappy with their interference in the process of reproduction.
	www.timelinescience.org /resource/students/inferty/treativf.htm (1282 words)

	June 9 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Patrick (Christopher) Steptoe was a British scientist and medical researcher who, with Robert Edwards, perfected in-vitro fertilization of the human egg.
		Their technique made possible in the birth of Louise Brown, the world's first "test-tube baby," on 25 July 1978.
		Steptoe, decided at an early age to pursue medicine over music.
	www.todayinsci.com /6/6_09.htm (2733 words)

	Minding Matters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Since Louise Brown, the first test tube baby born in July, 1978 as a result of the work of Drs.
		Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards, thousands of babies have come into the world with the help of in vitro fertilization.
		Infertility is not only a crisis of ‘childlessness’ it challenges one’s faith, sense of purpose, and struggle to find meaning.
	www.mindingmatters.com /index.php?pagenumber=2 (140 words)

	Panorama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the early 1960s, the British Gynaecologist and Obstetrician Patrick Steptoe had many women patients who were infertile due to blockage of their fallopian tubes (through which eggs should travel to meet sperm and, when fertilised, continue on into the uterus for implantation).
		In February 1969, he and Steptoe announced in "Nature" that they had achieved fertilisation of 13 human eggs (out of a total of 56) outside the body for the first time.
		Nine years later, in July 1978, Louise Brown was born at Oldham District Hospital, England, by caesarean section - the first 'test-tube baby.' Patrick Steptoe took her anaesthetised mother's womb out of the abdominal incision to show to the cameras the complete absence of the Fallopian tubes.
	independent-bangladesh.com /news/sep/16/16092005pa.htm (3913 words)

	Test tube baby reads thoughts and moves solid objects with her mind
		Steptoe and his colleague, Dr. Edwards, are completely incognito since rumors of strange mental powers in the Brown baby began to be heard.
		Brown a baby daughter, said that the parents and Dr. Steptoe deserve the consequences if their baby is abnormal.
		Brown was a shot in the dark, as Dr. Steptoe and Dr. Edwards both have said.
	www.tldm.org /news/testtubebaby.htm (1724 words)

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