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Topic: Patriotic Movement of the Ivory Coast

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	CNN.com - Rebels take towns in Ivory Coast - Nov. 29, 2002
		Ivory Coast, the world's biggest cocoa producer, was on Friday cut in three -- the south under loyalist control, the mainly-Muslim north held by rebels for more than two months and a chunk of the west now in the hands of other insurgents.
		Ivory Coast is a regional economic powerhouse and home to millions of immigrants from neighbouring countries, many of whom work on the cocoa and coffee plantations.
		Thursday's fighting came after Ivory Coast's army said it was going on the offensive because rebels attacked its positions near Man. The MPCI rebels denied the charge, and said loyalist troops in helicopters bombarded their positions around Vavoua, killing scores of civilians.
	edition.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/11/28/ivory.coast (785 words)

	World Affairs Board - Analysis: Ivory Coast Civil War
		For many years, Ivory Coast was considered the most prosperous and stable nation in the region and it welcomed millions of immigrant workers from neighboring countries, who account for a quarter of the country's 16 million population.
		Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast rebel group told reporters in Lome Saturday the insurgents remained open to restarting the talks, but that they would not do so until the government agreed to stop committing what he said are atrocities against political opponents and others.
		Man is in the heart of Ivory Coast's coffee-growing region, which is surrounded by tall grass and trees in a forested region, and is known as the Land of the 18 Mountains.
	www.worldaffairsboard.com /showthread.php?t=1974 (6519 words)

	Crimes of War > On The News
		Abidjan, Ivory Coast’s political capital, operates now in a climate of fear, with the local population beginning to feel that the police and security forces are akin to the death squads of Guatemala or El Salvador.
		The tragedy is that the Ivory Coast – which had the third largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa and is the world’s largest producer of cocoa –was once a beacon of stability in a region dominated by bloodshed.
		The civil war in Ivory Coast is governed by Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions and by Additional Protocol II of 1977 (both of which Ivory Coast is a party to).
	www.crimesofwar.org /onnews/news-ivory.html (2230 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		While the Patriotic Movement may have taken on a Muslim hue, the impetus is just the same as is frequently the case in Africa and West Africa in specific.
		In the end, despite quite a few legitimate complaints (hatreds?) he remained popular in Ghana and was able to diffuse some of the ethnic and sectarian tensions, as well as transfer the nation to some semblance of democracy thereforto unheard of in that nation.
		Clearly here, as is the case with most rhetorical forums, there has been no interest in consideration of the facts of the matter regarding the Ivory Coast, but rather and attempt to cast aspersions regarding the Muslim segment, as has become all to typical in these electronic pages.
	www.frontpagemag.com /GoPostal/commentdetail.asp?ID=6009&commentID=58125 (321 words)

	CNN.com - Ivory Coast rebels warn France - Dec. 23, 2002
		Ivory Coast's three rebel factions have thrown down the gauntlet to France saying if there were any attacks by French troops they would launch an all-out offensive.
		France said on Sunday its soldiers would stay in Ivory Coast as long as was necessary to negotiate a peaceful end to the crisis, which has torn apart the region's economic pace-setter and a cornerstone of French influence in Africa.
		Ivory Coast's war sprang from a failed September 19 coup and has increasingly fractured the world's top cocoa grower of 16 million along ethnic lines.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/12/23/ivorycoast.france/index.html (592 words)

	Reunited Ivory Coast combatants virtually impose roadmap for peace
		Ivory Coast's warring rebels and loyalist troops have reunited to such a degree since a May truce that they imposed a virtual "roadmap" for peace when a 10-month civil war formally ended on July 4.
		Ivory Coast's first coup in 1999 was staged by general Robert Guei, who led a short-lived military regime that ended with Gbagbo's election the following year.
		Two other rebels groups quickly joined the Ivory Coast Patriotic Movement to wage war aganist Gbagbo, a Christian southerner, whom they accused of marginalising the Muslim-majority population of the north as well as the large expatriate population.
	www.spacewar.com /2003/030713031400.fw9rdehs.html (624 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| world news France rushes minister to Ivory Coast
		Separately, the chief of staff of French forces in Ivory Coast said there was no deadline for some 2,500 troops to leave the west African country, who were originally dispatched there for a few weeks to protect French and other foreign nationals after the September 19 uprising.
		Ivory Coast army spokesman, Lieutenant-Colonel Jules Yao Yao, said the dead were insurgents, not civilians.
		The French forces in Ivory Coast are mandated to shoot at anyone trying to prevent them from carrying out their mission -- to enforce the fragile truce between the government and the MPCI and to protect foreign nationals in Ivory Coast.
	iafrica.com /news/worldnews/198815.htm (646 words)

	Star: Showdown time is nigh, say Ivory Coast rebels
		Paris - Rebels controlling the north of Ivory Coast have been shuttling between West African capitals to rally support for their ultimatum to launch all-out war today unless they are given seats in the government.
		A spokesperson for the main rebel group, the Patriotic Movement of the Ivory Coast (MPCI), said its leader, Guillaume Soro, was leading a delegation that would visit the capitals of Senegal, Mali, Nigeria, Benin and Burkina Faso.
		Ivory Coast is the world's leading cocoa producer and, given its position and infrastructure, acts as a crucial trading route for the region.
	www.thestar.co.za /index.php?fSectionId=132&fArticleId=49161 (469 words)

	A short history of Ivory Coast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In the area that is now Ivory Coast the Senufo form in the 11th century their own state.
		Although the coast is explored by Portugal in the 15th century, it is not yet colonized.
		Between 1880 and 1898 France occupies the Mandingo state and the whole of Ivory Coast becomes a French protectorate in 1891.
	www.electionworld.org /history/ivorycoast.htm (502 words)

	African Leaders Meet to Discuss Ivory Coast Conflict \| INS News
		Meanwhile, tensions were high in the main Ivory Coast city, Abidjan, on Monday after the Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast, the largest of three rebel groups, called on its supporters to hold an anti-government march in the city on Wednesday.
		A spokesman for the northern-based group, Antoine Beugre, told VOA that the insurgents' aim is to show President Laurent Gbagbo that they have support in the main city, which is under government control, and not just at their bases behind rebel lines.
		Ivory Coast's defense minister warned the group's supporters not to march, saying any gathering called by the rebel group would be considered illegal and would be put down.
	www.insnews.org /world/focus/2003/01/ivorycoast.peace.talks.htm (311 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Ivory Coast mobilises youth
		The Government of Ivory Coast has called on young men to volunteer for the army in what it is calling a mobilisation against the almost three-month-long rebellion.
		Ivory Coast used to be West Africa's richest country but, 11 weeks after an army mutiny, some diplomats fear it could descend into the anarchy and massive blood-letting of civil wars in neighbouring Liberia and Sierra Leone.
		The mass grave was found in territory held by the rebel Ivory Coast Patriotic Movement (MPCI) 70km (40 miles) north-west of the key cocoa-trading town of Daloa, which is now in loyalist hands.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/2554863.stm (568 words)

	Print Article: Ivory Coast leader pledges ceasefire
		Ivory Coast President Laurent Gbagbo pledged to observe a "total ceasefire" after France's foreign minister asked him to throw out mercenaries and stop aerial bombings to help end a 15 week conflict that has torn the west African nation apart.
		De Villepin's second visit to Ivory Coast in a little more than a month came a day after France strongly denounced an aerial attack by troops loyal to Gbagbo on the fishing village of Menakro in which 12 civilians were killed.
		Ivory Coast Prime Minister Pascal Affi N'Guessan met de Villepin later and apologised, expressing deep regret "for what has happened".
	www.smh.com.au /cgi-bin/common/popupPrintArticle.pl?path=/articles/2003/01/04/1041566269651.html (523 words)

	Western Africa - RNIS 40
		UNHCR has expressed fears for the fate of several thousands Liberian refugees who are still settled in western Ivory Coast, particularly those who are afraid to return to Liberia because of their ethnicity.
		Population movement, Ivory Coast, as of mid-January 2003
		Ivory Coast accounted for 40% of the gross domestic product of West Africa; millions of migrants from neighbouring countries were dependent on job opportunities in Ivory Coast.
	www.unsystem.org /scn/archives/rnis40/west.htm (2684 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		TITLE= IVORY COAST (L) INTRO: Rebels based in western Ivory Coast are preparing to sign a cease-fire agreement with the government ahead of Wednesday's scheduled start of peace negotiations in France.
		Rebels with two groups based in the west of Ivory Coast, gathered Monday in nearby Togo to sign on to a ceasefire that is already in effect between the government and northern rebels.
		Ivory Coast is the world's main producer of cocoa and a major business hub for the region.
	www.help-for-you.com /news/Jan2003/scripts/2117ef71.html (366 words)

	USATODAY.com - Foreigners taken out of Ivory Coast city (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Ivory Coast, the world's leading cocoa producer, has been divided three ways as a two-month rebel uprising evolves into a multifront war in the former French colony.
		The northern rebels — who call themselves the Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast — say they have nothing to do with the fighting in the West.
		Guei led Ivory Coast's first ever coup in 1999, and was fervently supported in the west.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2002-11-30-ivory-coast_x.htm (900 words)

	Print Article: Ivory Coast fight fuels fears
		Heavy fighting between government troops and rebels in Ivory Coast's troubled north has raised fears of destabilisation throughout west Africa as regional mediators struggle to resolve the crisis.
		Amnesty International called yesterday for the United Nations to investigate massacres in Ivory Coast, warning that the violence in the country could spread and destabilise the entire west African region.
		More than 100 bodies were found dumped in a shallow grave at Monoko-Zohi near the western front at the beginning of December, while the rebel Ivory Coast Patriotic Movement has confirmed the existence of a mass grave of soldiers and police in its stronghold of Bouake.
	www.theage.com.au /cgi-bin/common/popupPrintArticle.pl?path=/articles/2002/12/20/1040174388039.html (308 words)

	French roop reinforcements arrive in troubled Ivory Coast
		The first contingent of French troop reinforcements to the Ivory Coast with powers to enforce a failed ceasefire between the army and rebels arrived in Abidjan late Saturday, a French military official said, amid anti-French protest in the country.
		The main rebel group, the Ivory Coast Patriotic Movement (MPCI), condemned France for sending more troops and involving itself in a "purely Ivorian affair" while an anti-French march turned violent in the country's rebel-held second city of Bouake.
		The main rebel group, the Ivory Coast Patriotic Movement (MPCI) and the army this week began recruiting civilians and the United Nations said Saturday it was probing reports that both sides have were also trying to enlist refugees fleeing the conflict as fighters.
	www.spacedaily.com /2002/021215023834.u2rlrtnw.html (536 words)

	IVORY COAST FOCUS ON AFRICAN MEDIATION TO END CRISIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In rebel-held Bouake, Ivory Coast’s second-biggest city, in the center, rebels told journalists they were northern soldiers who had fled into exile during the disturbances that followed a Christmas Day putsch in 1999, and that they wanted an end to discrimination.
		The rebellion has fuelled a resurgence of xenophobia in Ivory Coast, which is home to some three million Burkinabes (natives of Burkina Faso), who have borne the brunt of hate attacks and have had hundreds of their homes torched since it erupted.
		A French army spokesman in Ivory Coast last week denied that French forces were trying to block the rebel soldiers but stressed they would not allow the insurgents to enter what he called an evacuation zone around the administrative capital Yamossoukro.
	www.mmorning.com /article.asp?Article=4581&CategoryID=6 (1116 words)

	CNN.com - Ivory Coast rebels soften line - Feb. 21, 2003
		Ivory Coast's main rebel faction has appeared to back down on Friday on its demand for key government posts as it headed into talks with a new prime minister in Paris to try to break the deadlock over a shaky peace deal.
		Gbagbo's supporters and the army say there is no way the jobs can go to the Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast, which holds the northern half of the country and says it was promised the posts.
		Ethnic tension flared for a second day near Ivory Coast's main city of Abidjan as paramilitary gendarmes fired in the air and used tear gas to disperse northern youths and women protesting at the killing of at least three of their relatives.
	edition.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/africa/02/21/ivorycoast (668 words)

	DarkConspiracy.com
		The Ivory Coast government and rebel forces traded accusations today after French troops discovered a mass grave in the western part of the country.
		French troops are monitoring a cease-fire in Ivory Coast, but it was shattered last week when new rebel factions emerged in the west and started battles against the government.
		That group, the Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast, controls nearly all of the northern half of the country.
	www.darkconspiracy.com /wn/1039205380.htm (232 words)

	Timeline Ivory Coast
		The northern rebels called themselves the Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast and denied connection to the western rebels.
		2002 Dec 19, In the Ivory Coast rebels captured the city of Man in the coffee-rich west and vowed to continue their push until they reached the commercial capital, as French troops prepared to face them.
		2004 Nov 4, Ivory Coast government warplanes bombed Boauke, the largest city in rebel-held north, twice in what a military commander said was the launch of a new offensive to reunite the war-divided nation.
	timelines.ws /countries/IVORYCOAST.HTML (2955 words)

	PLAYAHATA.COM - Ivory Coast - October 2002
		Calling themselves the Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast, the rebels have captured several cities in the north and have been steadily extending their rule.
		The Ivory Coast was left in the hands of his underlings who seemed to have never been groomed for the job.
		And nearby neighbors are scrambling to quell the crisis.
	www.playahata.com /pages/morpheus/ivorycoast.htm (2016 words)

	W. Africa feels Ivory Coast woes \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Ivory Coast has long been the economic anchor in the region, providing jobs for locals and migrants alike, and fueling economic growth both here and in neighboring countries.
		Ivory Coast is the world's largest cocoa producer, helping make its economy the biggest in the subregion with a GDP of $12 billion – twice as big as neighboring Ghana and four times bigger than Mali and Burkina Faso.
		Ivory Coast's cocoa crop was expected to be bountiful, and there was optimism for more foreign investment.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/1031/p06s01-woaf.htm (955 words)

	VOA News Report
		TITLE=IVORY COAST / FIGHTING (L) INTRO: The discovery of a mass grave in Ivory Coast is threatening negotiations to end an escalating rebellion in the West African country.
		The Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast's Secretary General, Guillaume Soro, lashed out at West African mediators who are brokering the peace talks, accusing them of failing to condemn the killings.
		Ivory Coast's government says it had nothing to do with the killings at Monoko-Zohi, which Ivorian Defense Minister Bertin Kadet said occurred in an area that is not under the control of loyalist forces.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2002/12/mil-021207-375ecc09.htm (460 words)

	CTV.ca - New fighting ends six-week truce in Ivory Coast- CTV News, Shows and Sports -- Canadian Television
		A rebel group known as the Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast has held the largely-Muslim northern half of the country since a failed September coup attempt.
		The new group, the Movement for Justice and Peace, is linked to former army ruler Robert Guei, who was shot dead by loyalist troops in the coup attempt on Sept. 19.
		The Movement for Justice and Peace says it is not linked to the Patriotic Movement of Ivory Coast, which has demanded Gbagbo's departure so new elections can be held.
	www.ctv.ca /servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/1038497473490_450?hub=World&subhub=PrintStory (419 words)

	JS Online: Youth Leaders Influence Ivory Coast
		Rabid opponents of the rebel groups who have captured half the country, the young leaders control the streets - and it is ultimately the streets that may decide Ivory Coast's fate.
		Before the start of Ivory Coast's war, Goude was living in his own dorm room, studying for a graduate degree in politics and communications at the University of Manchester in England.
		Soro Guillaume, the leader of the rebel movement in northern Ivory Coast, is about the same age as Goude.
	www.jsonline.com /news/intl/ap/feb03/ap-ivory-coast-rul020503.asp?format=print (820 words)

	Ivory Coast Conflict
		Still, the ceasefire only applied to the main rebel faction, Patriotic Movement of the Ivory Coast (MPCI), and did not bind the rebel groups controlling the western part of the county, Movement for Peace and Justice, and the Ivorian Popular Movement.
		While it had been required that both of a persons parents be from the Ivory Coast to be a citizen, the new amendment permitted citizenship based on parent.
		In late September 2003 the political dispute in Ivory Coast appeared to be deepening, as some rebels began calling for independence for the part of the country they occupied.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/ivory-coast-2003.htm (1316 words)

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