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	Pattani Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of Patani (Pattani) was a Malay state approximately covering the area of the modern Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat.
		Although the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya conquered the states of the isthmus in the thirteenth century and continued to control them in the modern period, the Malay of the peninsula were never culturally absorbed into the mainstream of Thai society.
		The sultan was slain in battle, Pattani was defeated, and the region was gradually absorbed by Siam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pattani_kingdom (1018 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pattani (in Malay, Patani, also sometimes Patani Raya, or "Greater Patani") is a term that has been used to describe a region in South Thailand consisting of the province of Pattani proper along with the neighbouring Yala Province and Narathiwat Province.
		Pattani is the post 15th century rendition of Langkasuka, the oldest Malay Kingdom of the Malay Peninsula.
		Pattani is the true cradle of Malay civilisation, with culture and artforms emulated to this day in other Malay states of modern day Malaysia.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Pattani_(region) (1149 words)

	Peace Resolution
		Pattani were obliged to send the Bunga Mas - the flower of gold - to Ayudhaya as a sign of tribute and loyalty.
		It was largely this condition of unwilling vassalage that made Pattani an unreliable ally of Ayudhaya as was demonstrated in the Pattani revolt of 1564.
		Since the Pattani state was annexed into Thai state in 1902, the political attitude of the Pattanians by their ethnic backgrounds has been on line with chauvinism, but now it has been criticized positively in term of Thai nationality to some extent by means of political participation under democratic system.
	www.geocities.com /bluesing2001/media/peaceresolution.htm (8570 words)

	Southern heritage
		The medium-sized coastal kingdom was seen as an opportunist for attacking and seizing Ayutthaya for several days when the kingdom was engaged in a war with Burma in the 16th century.
		Pattani did not come from the north and its history is full of struggle against the power of Siam.
		The kingdom of Pattani was reduced to a few provinces of Thailand and some states of Malaysia after Siam "lost" the territory to British colonialism in 1909.
	www.rockmekong.org /media-cov/News2002/southern_her.htm (1285 words)

	Pattani Malay
		Although the Pattani Malay make up only four percent of Thailand's population, they are the majority population within the five southernmost provinces of the country.
		In addition to their location, the Pattani Malay are separate from the rest of Thailand in a number of ways.
		Another important figure in Pattani religious life is the "bomoh." The bomoh is a folk healer that acts as a mediator or median between the spirit world and the earthly world.
	www.thefellowship.info /GlobalMissions/UPG/PattaniMalay.icm (457 words)

	Kingdoms that existed in Thailand before Sukhothai - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Kingdom of Pattani was a Malay state approximately covering the area of the modern Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat.
		Little is known about the administration of the kingdom, or even whether it was a kingdom at all: it may have been a loose gathering of principalities rather than a centralised state.
		The kingdom quickly grew by unifying the many local Thai rulers of the area under his leadership, as well as by enlarging to the south by annexing the Mon kingdom of Haripunchai in 1292 - the area around the modern-day cities Lampang and Lamphun.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=3998 (6736 words)

	Contested Territory - Historical Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The tributary relationship meant that Pattani demonstrated allegiance with tributary gifts to acknowledge that the Siamese mandala exercised its power over the region but Pattani was not part of Siamese territory and was still a sovereign Islamic sultanate.
		The complication and confusion surrounding Pattani’s sovereignty or subjugation to Siam began when the colonial British began to squeeze their colonial possessions of Burma and British Malaya into the European nation-state mould.
		Because of Pattani’s tributary status the British and Siamese determined that the far south would be a part of Siam.
	members.shaw.ca /chandlerv/contested_Historical_Perspective.html (531 words)

	Far East's Lair: Langkasuka: The Lost Civillization of Pattanese Origin
		The last sultan of Pattani, Sultan Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin's (1899-1902) son Tengku Seri Akar was married to the daughter of Sultan Muhamad IV of Kelantan.
		As Pattani declined, the Sultan of Ligor (Nakhorn Sri Thammarat), although still under Siamese suzerainty, regained a measure of independence, and it is from this that confusion has arisen as to the true location of Langkasuka.
		Pattani was thus nominally under the reign of Siam, yet eluded her grasp, being ruled not from Bangkok but by a sultan of the Pattani royal line.
	faizn.blogs.friendster.com /far_easts_lair/2006/08/langkasuka_the_.html (12428 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pattani (Thailand) April 28 (Reuters): Southern Thai Muslims sifted through the bloody wreckage of a centuries-old mosque where a battle raged between soldiers and militants today and 34 people were killed.
		The three-hour firefight at the Krue Sae Mosque, 5 km from the centre of the provincial town of Pattani, capped off a day of bloodshed across predominantly Muslim southern Thailand in which 107 people were killed.
		The curse dates back to 1608 when a Chinese architect came to the Pattani kingdom, converted to Islam and vowed never to return to his homeland.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1040429/asp/foreign/story_3185980.asp (661 words)

	Pattani, Thailand
		Mueang Pattani is a city in the far south of Thailand, near the boundary to Malaysia.
		It is the capital of the Pattani province.
		Historically Pattani used to be the capital of an independent Malay kingdom, the Pattani kingdom.
	www.creekin.net /c6922-n182-pattani-thailand.html (125 words)

	Betrayal after betrayal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Malays of Southern Thailand are concentrated in the provinces of Pattani, Yala, Satun and Narathiwat.
		The Pattani Malays were resisting the imposition of Thai laws and Bangkok's refusal to recognise traditional Malay and Islamic laws in the region.
		Under General Songkhram's harsh decree Pattani Malays were not allowed to dress according to their Malay customs, were forced to use the Thai language, and in some cases even forced to take part in the public worship of Buddhist idols.
	nation.ittefaq.com /artman/exec/view.cgi/29/17574 (1299 words)

	Kingdom of Thailand : Pattani, Southern Region
		Pattani was very famous in the old days as a town having a woman ruler.
		Pattani Central Mosque This is the place where religious ceremonies are performed by Thai Moslems.
		Pak Nam Pattani The mouth of the Pattani River is a little 3 kms.
	www.kingdom-of-thailand.com /pattani.htm (579 words)

	Muslimedia.com
		In 1948 Pattani Muslims launched an all-out insurrection, hoping to break away from the kingdom and merge with its historical cousins in the northern part of the Malay peninsula, in present-day Malaysia.
		Pattani effectively lost its independence and was absorbed, thus creating a permanent Malay Muslim minority in Buddhist-majority Thailand.
		The three southern provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat were historically part of the Muslim kingdom of Pattani, which succumbed to Siamese control in the 1700s.
	www.muslimedia.com /archives/sea04/thai-patani.htm (1271 words)

	The GRASSHOPPER: letter from the south... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pattani Central Mosque, built on the initiative of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, is a particularly beautiful place, but all the mosques I have seen, even the small ones in the villages, built in an Arabic style, are quite charming.
		The Pattani (for the name applies to the people of the region) are descended from Malaysian Muslims, and date back to the beginnings of the ancient Malay kingdom in Thailand.
		Dsepite the continuing development of Thailand, the Pattani, numbering over a million, continue to live a largely self-sufficient lifestyle, relying on the chief industries of fishing and farming, the latter including the cultivation of rubber, fruit and coconuts, although tin, gold, manganese and natural gas are also to be found in the region.
	www.markoinbangkok.com /grasshopper.htm (697 words)

	Tsunami, Bird Flu, and Pattani
		During the ensuing centuries, Pattani, which bordered Kedah on the north, was consistently the most resistant of the Malay states to Siamese rule.
		At one point the raja of Pattani sought British protection, but in 1909 Pattani was formally annexed by Siam as part of a treaty with the British.
		From a geographic perspective it's important to note that Pattani, the northernmost of Thailand's three troubled provinces, is 375 road miles south of Chumpon, Inside Thailand's southernmost destination; 655 road miles south of Bangkok; 960 road miles south of Boosaba's home in Uttaradit; and 1103 road miles south of Chiangmai.
	www.insidethailand.net /tsunami_pattani.html (2025 words)

	Pattani Malays - Asia Finest Discussion Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		perceived as favourable by the Malays of Pattani.
		One of my friends hometown is in Pattani and she have to move her family to Bangkok cuz the violent in d south.
		Siam broke all laws known to Man when the Malay Kingdom of Pattani was invaded, suppressed and subsumed under the Siamese/Muang Thai cesspool a century ago.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=67198 (3897 words)

	Destination Guide : General Information in Pattani
		Pattani is an east-coast province in the south, adjacent to the
		Due to its mountainous area and long seashore of about 170 kilometres, Pattani has been an important port and the centre of the administration, trading, and culture.
		Pattani is administratively divided into 12 Amphoe: Muang Pattani, Yarang, Nong Chik, Khok Pho, Yaring, Panare, Mayo, Sai Buri, Kapho, Mai Kaen, Thung Yang Daeng, and Mae Lan.
	www.tourismthailand.org /destinationguide/list.aspx?provinceid=74 (136 words)

	World Policy Journal - Winter 2006
		The south was once part of Pattani Darussalam, an independent Muslim sultanate that survived for six centuries and embraced Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat, plus parts of Songkhla province to the north.
		Martial law was recently extended to Songkhla province to the north, and superseded in Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat with an emergency decree that allows for summary detentions and grants troops immunity from prosecution for crimes committed in the line of duty.
		In the courtyard of the C. Pattani Hotel, I sat with Dr. Chaiwat Satha- Anand, a member of the commission and professor at Thammasat University in Bangkok, on the eve of a conference at which the NRC would be reviewing and debating its recommendations.
	www.worldpolicy.org /journal/articles/wpj06-1/pauker.html (5229 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Looking into the historical background of the Muslim kingdom of Pattani, annexed by Thailand, the picture of the current merciless anti-Muslim repeated carnages might be clearer.
		The South was a rich Malay kingdom until it was overrun by the Buddhist kingdom of Siam in the late 16th century when it declared its full independence from its earlier status of semi-independence under the rule of the Thai kingdoms of Sukhothai and Ayutthaya.
		In 1909, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Siam as part of a treaty negotiated with the British Empire.
	www.islamonline.net /English/News/2004-10/28/article07.shtml (1118 words)

	Rights groups deplore Thai carnage on Muslims (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Thailand's Muslims are largely concentrated in the four southern provinces of Narathiwat, Pattani, Songhkla and Yala.
		The southern provinces were originally part of the ancient Kingdom of Pattani, a semi-autonomous Malay region which adopted Islam in the mid-13th century.
		Over 100 years ago the kings of Siam absorbed the Islamic kingdom of Pattani into their territory.
	nation.ittefaq.com /artman/exec/view.cgi/23/13406 (951 words)

	Wave of violence shakes Thailand
		Pattani is about 870 kilometers south of Bangkok.
		In May, the illegal Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO) boasted that Thai security forces were "falling like leaves" because Muslims were fighting to free southern Thailand from Bangkok's rule.
		About 80 percent of these Muslims are of ethnic Malay descent, inspiring PULO to demand a so-called Malay Kingdom of Pattani, or Greater Pattani.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1052603/posts (1425 words)

	Strategic Insights -- Unrest in South Thailand - Contours, Causes and Consequences Since 2001
		Rather, the government eliminated local elites as a politically relevant player, as governors and bureaucrats were sent from Bangkok down to the southern provinces.[5] The government divided Pattani into seven provinces which were governed by appointed bureaucrats under a centralized administrative structure.
		A recent household survey conducted by the Thai government found that over 76 per cent of the population in these four provinces adhered to the Islamic faith.[14] These provinces are also hotspots of recent violence and insurgency, accounting for most clashes and violent incidences in the current wave of unrest.
		While the northeast is the poorest region,[35] measured against core indicators of economic development, Satun, Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat are among the least developed provinces of the Kingdom.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /si/2005/Feb/croissantfeb05.asp (5432 words)

	ASIANaffairs
		The fact of the matter is that the southern parts of Thailand, inhabited by Malaya-Muslims have seen the rise of ethnic separatism as many Islamic outfits have forwarded the cause of secession from Thailand.
		This date back to the period of late 17th century when the Muslim kingdom of Pattani was brought under effective Siamese rule.New Thai rulers imposed their language and culture by denouncing the backwardness of Islam.
		This date back to the period of late 17th century when the Muslim kingdom of Pattani was brought under effective Siamese rule.The point is that the new Siamese rulers (Thai rulers) imposed their language and culture by denouncing the backwardness of Islam.
	www.asianaffairs.com /june2004/thailand.htm (1096 words)

	Public Address \| Random Play
		When I was in Bangkok a few weeks ago I was astonished at the daily reports of trouble in the provinces of Pattani, Yala, Songhkla and Narathiwat.
		Thailand's six million Muslim minority -- around 10 per cent of the population -- live there and they are pretty poor by comparison with the provinces which coin it in from foreign tourists.
		Many Thai Muslims in these provinces speak Yawi, a Malay dialect, and the region was once part of the old Kingdom of Pattani, a semi-autonomous Malay region which adopted Islam seven centuries ago.
	www.publicaddress.net /default,1650.sm (1099 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam
		Caught between the spiraling violence by the insurgent groups and the angry monks is the one hope for a peaceful resolution of the two-year-old ethnic conflict - the National Reconciliation Commission (NRC).
		But the attack was the worst of its kind since the region, which includes the border provinces of Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat, adjacent to Malaysia, was first struck by violence in January 2004.
		The Muslims have complained of cultural and economic discrimination ever since the former Muslim kingdom of Pattani, which the provinces of Yala, Narathiwat and Pattani were part of, was annexed in 1902 by Siam, as Thailand was then known.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Southeast_Asia/GK03Ae01.html (1088 words)

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