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	Pattern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pattern matching is the act of checking for the presence of the constituents of a pattern.
		The question of how patterns arise naturally is dealt with by the scientific field of pattern formation.
		Pattern recognition is studied in many fields, including psychology, ethology, and computer science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pattern (464 words)

	Pattern Formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Pattern formation is the developmental process that turns a bunch of differentiated cells into an organism as opposed to a tumorous lump.
		Pattern formation in plants is less well studied than in Drosophila, but the truly surprising discovery that has emerged is that, despite the very different body organization of a fruit fly vs. a plant, the embryonic body plan is organized on the same principals.
		Although the similarity between body pattern formation in animals and plants provides many clues, early pattern formation is difficult to study in plants as the embryo and zygote are very small and surrounded by vaste amounts of maternal tissue (endosperm, integuments, seed, etc.).
	biotype.biology.dal.ca /biol3050/part4.html (2046 words)

	Pattern Formation
		Pattern formation is a process by which a spatially uniform state loses stability to a non-uniform state: a pattern.
		Pattern formation is not restricted to the single case of fluid convection; far from it.
		An electrochemical pattern formation process that produces periodic structures of neural activation in the cortex (for instance, a drifting set of crossed rolls) would be subjectively perceived as a spirally deformed version of that pattern (for instance, interlocked, counter-rotating spirals).
	math.la.asu.edu /~timcall/patterns (2160 words)

	Botany online - ESSAY - Meinhardt, H. Biological pattern formation
		Pattern formation is not a privilege of living systems.
		The formation of a lightning from a diffuse cloud is a further example.
		Together with Alfred Gierer I have shown that the crucial condition for pattern formation is local self-enhancement and long range inhibition (Gierer and Meinhardt, 1972; Gierer, 1981; Meinhardt, 1982).
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e28_1/pattern.htm (1030 words)

	Pattern Formation Lab - W Losert - University of Maryland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		We are currently investigating pattern formation in a vertically vibrated monolayer of magnetic spheres.
		We are studying the formation of ring and chain polymers in our system at various driving amplitudes and the transition from a monomeric, gaseous system at high acceleration to a completely connected, polymerized system at low acceleration.
		The segregation rate and pattern formation in the bidisperse mixtures depends upon the vibration amplitude and the number density of each type of particle.
	www.ireap.umd.edu /granular/dipolar (460 words)

	Primary pattern formation
		In his pioneering paper, Alan Turing [1] has shown in 1952 that pattern formation is possible by the interaction of two substances with different diffusion rates.
		Eventually, a stable pattern is formed in which the activator maximum is in balance with the surrounding cloud of inhibition.
		This is a very important aspect for the understanding of pattern formation in an early embryo: one side of the embryo becomes different from the other although the genetic information is the same in all cells.
	www.eb.tuebingen.mpg.de /dept4/meinhardt/primary.html (1189 words)

	Pattern formation in Faraday waves (Ron Lifshitz)
		Experimental images of periodic patterns of standing waves formed at the surface of a vibrated layer of fluid.
		This pattern was obtained experimentally by vibrating the fluid layer with a combination of two frequencies.
		Patterns in vibrated granular material, CNLD, University of Texas at Austin.
	haides.caltech.edu /~lifshitz/patterns.html (853 words)

	The development and evolution of pattern formation mechanisms
		The pattern elements of butterfly wings are individuated and admit to a system of homologies that is as reliable as those of the bones of the vertebrate skeleton.
		Pattern evolution occurs by distorting and displacing these pattern elements, by changing their pigmentation, and by selectively suppressing or enlarging specific elements.
		Nijhout, H.F. and G.A. Wray, 1986, Homologies in the colour patterns of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).
	www.biology.duke.edu /nijhout/patterns.htm (664 words)

	Pattern Formation
		However, indirect evidence for a pattern formation process is accumulating.
		If the orientation of the progression of pattern formation were the opposite, then one would expect a funiculus to be leftover.
		It does not follow necessarily, however, that the distal pattern element is required to be present for the central pattern element to be established.
	www.wzw.tum.de /plantdev/ovuleDevelopment/patternFormation.html (739 words)

	Animal Coat Pattern Formation
		What is remarkable is that the equations show that the different patterns of coat depend only on the size and form of the region where they are developed.
		This is because the formation of the patterns would not be produced at the same moment during the growth of the embryo.
		More precisely, the equations show that no pattern is formed if the embryo is very small, that a stripped pattern is formed if the embryo is a little bigger, a spotted pattern if it is bigger yet, and no pattern at all if it is too big.
	www.popmath.org.uk /rpamaths/rpampages/leopard.html (910 words)

	Models for pattern formation: a survey
		Autocatalysis and lateral inhibition are the conditions for de-novo pattern formation; relation to Turing's mechanism
		Formation of organizing regions at opposite ends of a field and formation of structures next to an organizer
		Pattern formation in aggregates suggest that Hy-beta-catenin and TCF is involved in the primary pattern formation
	www.eb.tuebingen.mpg.de /dept4/meinhardt/home.html (603 words)

	Botany online - ESSAY - Meinhardt, H. Biological pattern formation
		Gierer, A. and Meinhardt, H. A theory of biological pattern formation.
		Meinhardt, H. and Gierer, A. Applications of a theory of biological pattern formation based on lateral inhibition.
		Meinhardt, H. and Klingler, M. A model for pattern formation on the shells of molluscs.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e28_1/pattern7.htm (669 words)

	Physics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Complex problems that seem like they could be solved by a clever application of dynamics and mechanics, such as the formation of sandpiles, nodes in trickling water, the shape of water droplets, mechanisms of surface tension catastrophes, or self-sorting in shaken heterogeneous collections are unsolved.
		These complex phenomena have received growing attention since the 1970s for several reasons, not least of which has been the availability of modern mathematical methods and computers which enabled complex systems to be modeled in new ways.
		The interdisciplinary relevance of complex physics has also increased, as exemplified by the study of turbulence in aerodynamics or the observation of pattern formation in biological systems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Physics (4811 words)

	Pattern Formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		For EBSD, a beam of electrons is directed at a point of interest on a tilted crystalline sample in the SEM (Figure 2).
		The mechanism by which the diffraction patterns are formed is complex, but the following model describes the principal features.
		The atoms in the material inelastically scatter a fraction of the electrons with a small loss of energy to form a divergent source of electrons close to the surface of the sample.
	www.ebsd.com /basicsofebsd2.htm (174 words)

	Research Group: Nonlinear Dynamics of Pattern Formation
		Our research focuses primarily on the interdisciplinary field of pattern formation, a major branch of nonlinear science.
		Studies of pattern formation use a common set of fundamental concepts to describe how non-equilibrium processes cause structure to appear in a wide variety of complex systems in nature and in technology.
		Progress toward resolving fundamental questions of pattern formation has significant practical implications for control since virtually every technological process involves pattern formation at some stage.
	www.physics.gatech.edu /research/schatz (142 words)

	Mechanisms of pattern formation in development and evolution -- Salazar-Ciudad et al. 130 (10): 2027 -- Development
		Causal explanations of pattern formation in an embryonic primordium
		The actual patterns may also be difficult to infer from histological sections (e.g., vertical line in C represents location of corresponding sections in B).
		Extracellular matrix environment influences chondrogenic pattern formation in limb bud micromass culture: Experimental verification of theoretical models.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/10/2027 (6963 words)

	References to the Plant Hormone Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Palmer, J. H., and Phillips, I. The effect of the terminal bud indole acetic acid and nitrogen supply on the growth and orientation of the petiole of the Helianthus.
		Skoog, F., and Miller, W. Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro.
		Torrey, J. Auxin control of vascular pattern formation in regenerating pea root meristems grown in vitro.
	www.planthormones.info /references.htm (779 words)

	Nigel Goldenfeld's Group: Dynamics and Pattern Formation
		, be they snowflakes, the microstructures of materials, the flow of fluids, geological formations, or even the spatial organisation of microbes.
		The scope of our work covers mainstream condensed matter physics, materials science, quantitative biology, applied mathematics and nonequilibrium pattern formation.
		A non-technical description of our research into geophysical pattern formation and microbial ecology at Yellowstone National Park can be found here.
	guava.physics.uiuc.edu (156 words)

	George Oster Bibliography
		Patterns of microvilli and stereocilia on hair cells of the inner ear.
		An analysis of one- and two-dimemsional patterns in a mechanical model for morphogenesis.
		Kinematics of grey crescent formation in xenopus eggs: The displacement of subcortical cytoplasm relative to the egg surface.
	nature.berkeley.edu /~goster/pubs.html (1700 words)

	ZMBP -Developmental Genetics Apical Basal Pattern Formation
		Having isolated and characterised mutants with apical-basal pattern defects (Mayer et al., 1991), we are analysing the developmental roles of several genes, including GNOM and BODENLOS.
		The fungal toxin brefeldin A (BFA) blocks GNOM activity and disrupts rapid cycling of PIN1 between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments (Fig.
		Developmental genes can also be identified on the basis of their distinct expression patterns, regardless of mutant phenotypes.We have used a two-component transposon system to generate gene-trap and enhancer-trap insertion lines that express the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in response to cis-regulatory sequences.
	www.uni-tuebingen.de /uni/bce/apical (825 words)

	PATTERN FORMATION IN BIOLOGY, VISION AND DYNAMICS
		They expounded their views on the physical, biological and physiological mechanisms creating the tapestry of patterns we see in molecules, plants, insects, seashells, and even the human brain.
		This volume comprises surveys of different aspects of pattern formation and recognition, and is aimed at the scientifically minded reader.
		Biological Pattern Formation as a Complex Dynamic Phenomenon (H Meinhardt)
	www.worldscibooks.com /lifesci/4043.html (489 words)

	Pattern formation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The science of pattern formation deals with the visible, (statistically) orderly outcomes of self-organisation and the common principles behind similar patterns.
		Bénard cells, Laser, cloud formations in stripes or rolls
		This page was last modified 23:52, 17 July 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pattern_formation (74 words)

	Pattern Formation Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The code "t.f" is written in Fortran 77 and the output is written to file in an unformatted format.
		Junior Research Group ``Pattern Formation in Reaction-Diffusion Systems'', MPIPKS Dresden, Overview of activities, 1998
		Sean Carroll: Regulation of Pattern Formation in Drosophila and the Genetics of Morphological Evolution
	milou.msc.cornell.edu /681 (243 words)

	Pattern Formation - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		From the stripes of a zebra and the spots on a leopard's back to the ripples on a sandy beach or desert dune, regular patterns arise everywhere in nature.
		Bringing together several different approaches, from group theoretic methods to envelope equations and theory of patterns in large-aspect ratio-systems, the book also provides insight behind the selection of one pattern over another.
		Suitable as an upper-undergraduate textbook for mathematics students or as a fascinating, engaging, and fully illustrated resource for readers in physics and biology, Rebecca Hoyle's book, using a non-partisan approach, unifies a range of techniques used by active researchers in this growing field.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521817501 (243 words)

	Slime Mold Pattern Formation
		These waves form spiral patterns that are similar to other spiral waves in excitable media, such as the
		This results in periodic movement towards the source of the cAMP waves ("aggregation centers"), the cells moving inwards each time a wave passes.
		KL93 describes a model for simulating pattern formation during slime mold aggregation.
	www.burningcutlery.com /derek/slime (628 words)

	The genetics and evolution of complex traits
		Nijhout, H.F. Gradients, diffusion and genes in pattern formation.
		In: Pattern Formation in the Physical and Biological Sciences.
		Phenotypic correlation structure among elements of the color pattern in Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).
	www.biology.duke.edu /nijhout/complextraits.htm (553 words)

	List of Publications
		The influence of imperfections and weak disorder on domain formation in superlattices.
		Spatio-temporal dynamics of filament formation induced by impurity impact ionization in GaAs.
		Formation of current filaments in n-type GaAs under crossed electric and magnetic fields.
	wwwnlds.physik.tu-berlin.de /abstracts/publication_list.php (5710 words)

	NECSI Research: Recent Publications
		Sayama, M. de Aguiar, Y. Bar-Yam, and M. Baranger: Spontaneous pattern formation and genetic invasion in locally mating and competing populations, Physical Review E 65, 051919, 2002.
		Sayama and Y. Bar-Yam: The gene centered view of evolution and symmetry breaking and pattern formation in spatially distributed evolutionary processes, Nonlinear Dynamics in the Life and Social Sciences, W. Sulis and I. Trofimova, eds., NATO Science Series A/320, 360-368, 2001, IOS Press.
		Sayama, L. Kaufman and Y. Bar-Yam: The role of spontaneous pattern formation in the creation and maintenance of biological diversity, InterJournal, Brief Article 417, accepted.
	www.necsi.net /projects/recentpublications.html (1389 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Transient dynamics and pattern formation: reactivity is necessary for Turing instability.
		Life histories and elasticity patterns: perturbation analysis for species with minimal demographic data.
		Bathymetric species-diversity patterns and boundary constraints on vertical range distributions.
	www.whoi.edu /science/B/dept/working_groups/Caswellcv.htm (2477 words)

	Non-Equilibrium Pattern Formation
		At present, the people at the Instituut-Lorentz working in the field of nonequibrium pattern formation are Chiara Baggio (Phd student), Paul Becherer (PhD student), Martin Depken (postdoc), Wouter Ellenbroek (PhD student), Alexander Morozov (postdoc), Ellák Somfai (postdoc), Balakrishnan Ashok (postdoc), Kostya Shundyak (postdoc), and Wim van Saarloos (staff).
		Our group has strong links with the granular media group of Martin van Hecke at the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, and our group is part of the European Union network Physics of Nonequilibrium Complex Systems.
		Although we do not restrict the work in our group purposely to a particular topic, recent work was centered around the topics of interfacial dynamics and pattern formation, and amplitude type descriptions of pattern formation near threshold.
	www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl /~saarloos/Patternf/neqpf.html (218 words)

	KITP Program: Pattern Formation in Physics and Biology
		KITP Program: Pattern Formation in Physics and Biology
		KITP Program: Pattern Formation in Physics and Biology (Aug 11 - Dec 19, 2003)
		Global Pattern Formation Far from Onset: A Case Study
	online.kitp.ucsb.edu /online/pattern03 (273 words)

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