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| | The Inner and Outer Meanings of Facial Expressions |
 | | Ekman, Friesen, and Ancoli (1980) found, as they predicted, that the specific smiling action of zygomatic major was related to subjects' self-reports of happiness, but other smiling actions were not. |
 | | Ekman noted that the expressions which were judged as more intense on the left were not genuine emotional expressions, but rather were deliberately produced movements, carefully directed by the photographer, who gave instructions to move particular muscles, such as "raise your upper lip." Sackeim et al. |
 | | Ekman, Roper, and Hager (1980) noted that when people are asked to pose an emotion or to imitate an expression, they could use at least two methods to solve the problem. |
| face-and-emotion.com /dataface/misctext/inner_outer.html (8439 words) |
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