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	Paul Greengard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 2000, Greengard, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system.
		Specifically, Greengard and his fellow researchers studied the behavior of second messenger cascades that transform the docking of a neurotransmitter with a receptor into permanent changes in the neuron.
		In a series of experiments, Greengard and his colleagues showed that when dopamine interacts with a receptor on the cell membrane of a neuron, it causes an increase in cyclic AMP inside the cell.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paul_Greengard (455 words)

	Schizophrenia.com - Biology and Research; Greengard lecture on DARPP-32
		Paul Greengard is an internationally-recognized researcher, currently investigating molecular signalling in the brain and its ramifications for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
		Because Dr. Greengard received the Nobel prize for his work in slow-transmission dopamine signalling in the brain, he begins with an overview of different types of signalling, and then goes into greater detail on his own work with dopamine slow-transmission signalling and the post-synaptic proteins involved in that process.
		Dr. Paul Greengard’s research shows that some very complex behaviors can be altered (at least in a mouse model), simply by making very small changes to a single protein contained in neurons.
	www.schizophrenia.com /greengardrev.html (2720 words)

	The Johns Hopkins Gazette: October 16, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Greengard had just earned an undergraduate degree in physics and was planning to go on to graduate school, but he was worried that a graduate degree in physics would inevitably lead to work in the atomic weapons industry.
		Paul Greengard at the Biophysics Department's 50th anniversary celebration in June 1999.
		While Greengard was a student at Hopkins, the chairman of biophysics was H. Keffer Hartline, who later went on to win a Nobel Prize of his own in physiology or medicine, in 1967 for his work with optics.
	www.jhu.edu /~gazette/2000/oct1600/16nobel.html (469 words)

	Online NewsHour: A Nobel Winner- October 11, 2000
		Paul Greengard, one of this year’s winners of the Nobel Prize in medicine, joins Dr. Steve Hyman, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, to talk about his research and winning the Nobel Prize.
		Paul Greengard is a neuroscientist who heads the laboratory of molecular and cellular neuroscience at the Rockefeller University in New York.
		PAUL GREENGARD: About ten minutes past five this morning, the secretary of the Nobel Committee called to inform me I had been one of the recipients of this year's Nobel Prize in medicine.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/science/july-dec00/nobel-med_10-9.html (1451 words)

	Fisher Center Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When Paul Greengard was a graduate student in the late 1940s, the question of how the brain's chemical messengers produce their effect on nerve cells was so deeply mysterious and seemed so impossible to answer that most scientists largely avoided asking it.
		Led by the groundbreaking work of Dr. Greengard and his research teams, scientists worldwide are well on the way to developing rational treatments for a range of diseases based on these fundamental new understandings of brain function.
		Greengard received his Ph.D. from The Johns Hopkins University and carried out postdoctoral studies at the University of London, Cambridge University and the National Institute for Medical Research in London.
	www.alzinfo.org /fisher/about/bios/greengard/default.aspx (915 words)

	Fisher Center Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Greengard has enlisted the services of Dr. Allen Fienberg to assist him in some promising new experiments that will be funded by the grant.
		Greengard and Fienberg will design and implement a set of experiments to elucidate the biological activity of the anti-agitation compounds that are often used today to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease.
		The Nobel Prize is a wonderful salute to Dr. Paul Greengard, and the foundation is a jewel in the crown of the Fisher's legacy of philanthropy and excellence.
	www.alzinfo.org /fisher/news/default.aspx (2237 words)

	The Biochemical Cause of Depression Has Been Found - Softpedia
		Paul Greengard, who has already earned a Nobel price, has found that depression is caused by the deficiency of a certain specific chemical.
		Paul Greengard is a Rockefeller University neuroscientist and has received the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries about the workings of the neuronal signaling systems.
		Paul Greengard and his colleagues have found the chemical which is the natural responsible for the regulation of the serotonin system: a certain protein, referred to as p11.
	news.softpedia.com /news/The-Biochemical-Cause-of-Depression-has-been-Found-15984.shtml (844 words)

	The Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation Makes Available Leading Alzheimer's Disease Research Scientists
		Paul Greengard, winner of the Nobel Prize in 2000 for his research in neurological brain cell communication, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, is the world's leading expert on how brain cells communicate with each other.
		Greengard and his team made the recent breakthrough discovery that the FDA approved drug Gleevec, currently used to treat certain types of cancer, could inhibit the build up of beta amlyoid (the protein believed to be the root cause of Alzheimer's).
		As part of Dr. Greengard's team, Dr. William J. Netzer was the lead author on the recent discovery that appeared in the October edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/06-09-2004/0002190671&EDATE= (379 words)

	NIH Record--5/28/2002--Nobel Laureates To Speak, June 12
		Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel won the prize in physiology or medicine in 2000, along with Dr. Arvid Carlsson of Sweden.
		Greengard, who is the Vincent Astor professor and head of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience at the Rockefeller University, won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of how dopamine and a number of other transmitters in the brain exert their action in the nervous system.
		Greengard is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and its Institute of Medicine and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
	www.nih.gov /news/NIH-Record/05_28_2002/story03.htm (689 words)

	Yale Medicine Summer 2002: Students
		The visit of Paul Greengard, Ph.D., to Yale in May was a homecoming of sorts for the Nobel laureate.
		Greengard, who gave the 15th annual Farr Lecture on Student Research Day, spent 15 years working in a lab on the third floor of Sterling Hall of Medicine’s B wing before moving to Rockefeller University in 1983.
		Greengard said that when he started the work shortly after coming to Yale, “one of the things that our research was most interested in was to try to elucidate the mechanism by which neurotransmitters activate receptors.”; One school of thought argued that electrical impulses drove communications among neurons.
	info.med.yale.edu /external/pubs/ym_su02/students.htm (1829 words)

	Signalübertragung im Nervensystem
		Paul Greengard, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, wird belohnt für seine Entdeckung der Einwirkungen von Dopamin und einer Reihe anderer Signalsubstanzen auf das Nervensystem.
		Paul Greengard showed that when dopamine stimulates a receptor in the cell membrane this causes an elevation of a second messenger, cyclic AMP, in the cell.
		Paul Greengard's discoveries concerning protein phosphorylation have increased our understanding of the mechanism of action of several drugs, which specifically affects the phosphorylation of proteins in different nerve cells.
	www.berlinews.de /archiv/1349.shtml (2443 words)

	Welcome to AJC! \| ajc.com
		Greengard was in Palm Beach on Jan. 12 and 13 for a meeting of The Scripps Research Institute’s board of scientific governors.
		At a gala dinner at The Breakers on the 13th, Greengard chatted at length with state Sen. Ron Klein, D-Boca Raton, and Palm Beach County Commissioner Burt Aaronson about the potential for stem cell research, and the effect that federal restrictions are having on its progress.
		While Greengard does not take a stance on the Florida policy debate, in his letter, he says the federal restrictions are hindering scientific progress, and should be lifted.
	www.ajc.com /blogs/content/shared-blogs/palmbeach/plasmid/entries/2006/01/23/time_to_lift_st.html (1048 words)

	SCHUMER: $6 MILLION COMING TO NY'S INSTITUTE FOR CANCER PREVENTION FOR GROUNDBREAKING NEW RESEARCH INTO ...
		Greengard, the Vincent Astor Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience at Rockefeller University, won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of how dopamine and a number of other transmitters in the brain exert their action on the nervous system.
		Nobel laureate Paul Greengard will follow up on his recent Rockefeller University research showing that the breakthrough cancer drug Gleevec and a related chemical compound slows the buildup of a small molecule called beta-amyloid peptide, which makes up the senile plaques found in the brains of most people with Alzheimer's.
		Greengard's research at Rockefeller University involved Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and was conducted in laboratory cultures of mouse brain cells and guinea pigs.
	www.senate.gov /~schumer/SchumerWebsite/pressroom/press_releases/PR02386.pf.html (756 words)

	Online NewsHour: Nobel Prize in Medicine -- October 9, 2000
		Ray Suarez talks with Paul Greengard and Dr. Steve Hyman, director of the National Institute of Mental Health.
		Sweden's Arvid Carlsson and Americans Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine for their research on how messages are transmitted between brain cells.
		Paul Greengard was honored for his studies on how dopamine and other chemical transmitters act on brain cells.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/nobel2000/medicine.html (274 words)

	Science News: Nobel 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The new laureates are Arvid Carlsson, Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg; Paul Greengard, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Science, Rockefeller University, New York; and Eric Kandel, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York.
		Greengard's research elaborated the mechanism of action of dopamine and other transmitters.
		Paul Greengard has shown how dopamine and several other chemical transmitters exert their effects in the nerve cell.
	www.accessexcellence.org /WN/SUA14/nobel2k.html (542 words)

	Expt B6: Memory
		Paul Greengard showed what happens when dopamine and other similar transmitters stimulate a nerve cell.
		Eric Kandel showed that transmitters of the same type as studied by Arvid Carlsson, via the protein kinases characterized by Paul Greengard, are involved in the most advanced functions of the nervous system such as the ability to form memories.
		Paul Greengard showed that the activation of receptors changes levels of intracellular messengers like cyclic AMP, which in turn cause a cascade of enzyme reactions.
	homepage.mac.com /dtrapp/eChem.f/labB6.html (772 words)

	Rockefeller University - Newswire
		Twenty-six of this year’s 28 graduates participated in a formal presentation of Ph.D.s held in Caspary Auditorium on the university's Manhattan campus.
		Titia de Lange, Charles D. Gilbert, Michael E. O’Donnell and Jeffrey V. Ravetch, all heads of laboratories at Rockefeller University, have been elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a private organization of scientists and engineers dedicated to the furtherance of science and its use for the general welfare.
		Rockefeller University's president is among 175 newly elected members to the Academy, an independent policy research center founded in 1780 to undertake studies of complex and emerging problems.
	newswire.rockefeller.edu (2118 words)

	VUMC hosts conference on addiction; Nobel laureate Greengard keynote speaker
		Nobel laureate Paul Greengard, Ph.D., was the keynote speaker at the “Frontiers in Addiction Biology: Genomics and Beyond” conference.
		But the research of Nobel laureate Paul Greengard, Ph.D., has identified common pathways used by many of the brain’s neurotransmitters, making sense out of apparent chaos.
		Greengard has found that the effects of many types of drugs (caffeine, marijuana, amphetamine, LSD, etc.) were completely abolished in mice that lack DARPP-32.
	www.mc.vanderbilt.edu /reporter?ID=3321 (1074 words)

	Intra-Cellular Therapies
		Greengard received his Ph.D. in biophysics from Johns Hopkins University in 1953.
		Greengard is a pioneer in the field of neuronal signal transduction and his seminal discoveries over the years have provided a framework for CNS neurotransmission.
		Greengard has also been a consultant to major pharmaceutical companies and a member of the scientific advisory boards of numerous biotechnology companies including Sugen, recently acquired by Pharmacia Upjohn, where he was also a member of the board of directors.
	www.intracellulartherapies.com /about/sci_adv_board.htm (242 words)

	BBC News \| HEALTH \| Brain pioneers share Nobel prize
		Professors Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel were jointly awarded the prize on Monday.
		Professor Greengard, currently working at the Rockefeller University in the US, has devoted more than 40 years working out how nerve cells communicate between each other on a biochemical level.
		Professor Greengard's work has applications in the fight against many conditions to which dopamine is key, such as Parkinson's, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/963516.stm (468 words)

	NARSAD: News & Events: NARSAD Research Newsletter Archive
		Paul Greengard's work began to explore the next phase of neural signaling: what happens to a cell after a transmitter fits into one of its receptors.
		Working with Dr. Eric Kandel, Dr. Greengard demonstrated that this phosphorylation is crucial to the effects of neurotransmitters on a cell.
		Kandel and Greengard were able to prompt the cells to respond as though they'd received the transmitter.
	www.narsad.org /news/newsletter/researchers/bio2003-07-08c.html (1615 words)

	President Sexton's Letter to the NYU Community on Disclosure
		New York University President John Sexton today bestowed an honorary doctorate on Paul Greengard, the Nobel-winning neuroscientist and professor at Rockefeller University, at NYU's 171st Commencement exercises in Washington Square Park.
		"Paul Greengard-Vincent Astor Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience at the Rockefeller University-a love of science, a keen intellect, and a prodigious capacity for hard work have been the hallmarks of your distinguished career as a pioneer in the field of neuroscience.
		"Paul Greengard-Nobel Laureate, native New Yorker, you have illuminated how nerves in the brain communicate by forging the link between nerve function and biochemistry.
	www.nyu.edu /publicaffairs/newsreleases/b_greengard_2003.shtml (313 words)

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