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	Paul Grice (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Grice generalizes this approach by using ‘+R’ to represent any sentence whose underlying syntactic form divides into the mood operator and the sentence radical R. Thus: where * is mood operator, and R a sentence radical, let ∏(+R) be the set of all propositions associated with any sentence with the structure (+R).
		Grice suggests that it is a necessary condition of reasoning from A to B that one intend that there be a formally valid (and non-trivial) argument from A to B.
		Grice objects on this ground to theories that regard only scientific knowledge as truly descriptive and explanatory and that relegate commonsense psychological explanation to a second-class role as a theory, useful in daily life, but not a theory we should endorse as a description or explanation of reality.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/grice (6530 words)

	Paul Grice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Herbert Paul Grice (1913 - 1988), often writing under the name Paul Grice, was a philosopher remembered mainly for his substantial contribution to the study of meaning within language, particularly his cooperative principle, the maxims of conversation derived from the cooperative principle, and his theory of implicatures.
		Grice's work is one of the foundations of the modern study of pragmatics.
		He proposed an intention-based theory of meaning, in which 'A meant something by x' is roughly equivalent to 'A uttered x with the intention of inducing a belief by means of the recognition of this intention'.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paul_Grice (464 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - Grice, Herbert Paul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Grice was born in 1913 and died in 1988.
		Herbert Paul Grice was born in 1913 and died in 1988.
		Grice's explanation of conversational implicature begins with his articulation of a Cooperative Principle, which calls on a speaker to "make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged" (1989, p.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/grice.html (2101 words)

	Book review of Paul Grice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Paul Grice is the philosopher who introduced the idea that language is based on a form of cooperation among speakers.
		Grice was influential in emphasizing the linguistic interplay between the speaker, who wants to be understood and cause an action, and the listener.
		Grice therefore distinguishes between the proposition expressed from the proposition implied, or the "implicature".
	www.thymos.com /mind/grice.html (346 words)

	Gricean maxims - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paul Grice, the philosopher, proposed four conversational maxims that arise from the pragmatics of natural language.
		Although Grice presented them in the form of guidelines for how to communicate successfully, I think they are better construed as presumptions about utterances, presumptions that we as listeners rely on and as speakers exploit.
		If the overt, surface meaning of a sentence does not seem to be consistent with the Gricean maxims, and yet the circumstances lead us to think that the speaker is nonetheless obeying the cooperative principle, we tend to look for other meanings that could be implicated by the sentence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gricean_maxim (276 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Grice, Paul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Herbert Paul Grice is generally known for just two short articles: Meaning”;, in which he presents an account of linguistic meaning based on the psychological notion of intention, and “Logic and Conversation”, in which he distinguishes systematically between sentence meaning and speaker meaning by introducing the concept of “conversational implicature”;.
		Grice’s work is prized for its freshness of insight, its readiness to question even the most fundamental dogmas of philosophy and the increasingly colloquial and witty style of his prose.
		Indeed, Grice’s theory was one of the crucial factors in establishing pragmatics, the study of meaning in context, as a separate branch of linguistics.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1880 (2653 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Grice goes on to explain that the formalist argues that the meaning of natural language cannot be precisely defined due to these elements.
		Grice defines the Cooperative Principle as “Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.” (Grice 1989:26).
		Yet he concludes that “the other principles of Grice’s theory are all false” and this failure exists because “speaker implicature is a matter of intention, sentence implicature is a matter of convention, and neither is calculable from or generated by psychosocial principles.
	www.personal.psu.edu /students/a/n/anw114/implicatures.doc (3926 words)

	Speaker Meaning, What is Said, and What is Implicated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There Grice says that he is introducing 'implicate' as a technical term for a family of verbs which includes 'implied', 'suggested', and 'meant', which he thinks we have an intuitive ability to recognise.
		Grice's inclusion of audience-oriented criteria in his discussion of conversational implicature does not have the appearance of a careless aberration.
		According to Grice, a speaker's intending to convey that P by saying that Q is not enough for the speaker to implicate that P. The audience must also need to believe that the speaker believes that P in order to preserve the assumption of the speaker's cooperativeness.
	www.shef.ac.uk /~phil/staff/saul/grice.html (9206 words)

	Harvard University Press/Studies in the Way of Words/Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Grice was a miniaturist who changed the way other people paint big canvases.
		Grice is a philosopher of this second and greater type...
		Grice's intellect, power, and charm are all vehicles for conveying a vision of philosophy, a vision that has much to say to analytic philosophers today.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /reviews/GRISTU_R.html (181 words)

	Paul Grice
		Paul Grice (1913 - 1988) was a philosopher, remembered mainly for his substantial contribution to the study of meaning within language, including his maxims of conversation.
		In particular, Grice's work is one of the foundations of the modern study of pragmatics.
		Many of Grice's essays/papers were published in the book Studies in the Way of Words (1989).
	pheeds.com /info/guide/p/pa/paul_grice.html (70 words)

	Paul Grice >> Palgrave.com : Title Page
		'Grice himself was adamant about the unity of his thoughts, but it is sometimes hard to appreciate that unity because of the way he published (or in many cases, did not publish) his work.
		Paul Grice is best known for a few short articles that have been hugely influential in philosophy and particularly in linguistics.
		She considers Grice's ideas in terms of their impact, particularly on the development of pragmatics, and assesses Grice's work in the context of the time in which it was written, examining how it was shaped by his personal philosophical influences and career, and by his character.
	www.palgrave.com /products/Catalogue.aspx?is=1403902976 (314 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Politics - New move in blame game as Grice rejects audit report
		PAUL Grice, the parliament’s chief executive, sparked an unprecedented battle with Scotland’s financial watchdog yesterday when he refused to accept the Auditor General’s report into the Holyrood fiasco.
		Mr Grice appeared before the Scottish Parliament’s audit committee yesterday with a detailed 20-page submission setting out at least 50 examples in the Auditor General’s report which he claimed were wrong, irrelevant or misleading.
		He noted that the first position was held by Mr Grice and the last was held by a construction professional who was, however, "less senior in the hierarchy" and not a single authoritative point of command.
	news.scotsman.com /politics.cfm?id=746152004 (1099 words)

	Grice's Cooperative Principle
		The English language philosopher Paul Grice proposes that in ordinary conversation, speakers and hearers share a cooperative principle.
		Grice's cooperative principle: set of norms expected in conversation.
		Grice's final maxim, manner, demands that conversation be unambiguous, but Orville's tall tales bend the meanings of words for humor; he plays with words and images.
	www.acs.appstate.edu /~mcgowant/grice.htm (376 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Politics - Anger as civil servant is reappointed before inquiry publishes findings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Last night, MSPs gave Paul Grice a permanent extension to his contract as chief executive of the parliament, believed to be worth £70,000 a year.
		They warned that Mr Grice had already admitted failing to pass on warnings about cost rises for the controversial building to MSPs and the decision on his contract should have been delayed until after Lord Fraser’s report into the Holyrood fiasco is published in the autumn.
		The peer had welcomed a Conservative motion calling for MSPs to force the BBC to release the tapes, but the First Minister said freedom of the press could be undermined if the parliament compelled the corporation to hand over the tapes, and this was something he could not agree to.
	news.scotsman.com /politics.cfm?id=366882004 (958 words)

	Studies in the Way of Words: Current Amazon U.S.A. One-Edition Data
		Grice is a philosopher of this second and greater type...
		Grice's intellect, power, and charm are all vehicles for conveying a vision of philosophy, a vision that has much to say to analytic philosophers today.
		Paul Grice himself has carefully arranged and framed the sequence of essays to emphasize not a certain set of ideas but a habit of mind, a style of philosophizing.
	www.halloween.com /halloween-books/free.php?in=us&asin=0674852710 (653 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Scotland \| Holyrood managers 'not up to job'
		Mr Grice, who originally gave evidence to the investigation in November, admitted he had little opportunity to check what he was being told.
		During his evidence Mr Grice also warned that the cost of the building at the bottom of the Royal Mile could keep rising even after it is finished and MSPs have moved in because of the type of building project.
		Mr Grice said he decided not to tell the committee in charge, the corporate body, of the increases - because he did not have confidence in the cost accountants' figures.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/scotland/3476177.stm (792 words)

	Holyrood Inquiry : Transcript 01-04-2004 am
		Mr Grice: You would expect your Project Managers to be involved with that, and I am sure that they were, but again, one needs to be very clear that Bovis, DLE and the architects all have clear contractual responsibilities to the Client.
		Mr Grice: I take it from what you are saying — and apologies for not having had time to read through his evidence in detail — that there was some confusion in his mind, obviously that is a matter of fact and there is no reason to doubt Alan’s evidence.
		Mr Grice: The role of the HPG was not only clearly explained, but the Convener of the HPG and David Manson from the HPG actually formed part of the interview panel with myself, so I think there can have been absolutely no doubt in all the applicants’ minds that the HPG were key players.
	www.holyroodinquiry.org /transcripts_documents/01-04-2004-am/transcript01-04-2004-am.htm (15899 words)

	Ninth Generation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Diana Belle Mathews and Paul Grice were married in 1972.
		Paulette Regina Grice was born on 28 Feb 1974.
		John Paul Grice was born on 24 Jan 1976.
	pages.prodigy.net /dangar/genealogy/wirtner/b2262.htm (81 words)

	Hausarbeiten.de - Die Explikation des Meinens nach Grice und Strawson - Hauptseminararbeit
		Diese Explikation des „Meinens“ nach Grice wird nach einer kurzen Vorstellung des Philosophen in Kapitel zwei dargelegt.
		Sie bekamen in den vierziger Jahren zwei Kinder: Tim Grice und Karen McNicoll.
		Grice widerstrebte es, seine Werke zu veröffentlichen; möglicherweise, weil ein anspruchsvoller Perfektionismus es ihm nie erlaubte, ein Stück als wirklich beendet zu betrachten.
	www.hausarbeiten.de /zeit/vorschau/34346.html (628 words)

	Harvard University Press/Studies in the Way of Words
		This volume, Grice's first hook, includes the long-delayed publication of his enormously influential 1967 William James Lectures.
		Paul Grice himself has carefully arranged and framed the sequence of essays to emphasize not a certain set of ideas but a habit of mind, a style of philosophizing.
		Grice has, to be sure, provided philosophy with crucial ideas.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/GRISTU.html (162 words)

	SermonCentral.com: Grice’s Quality Maxim by Sterling Franklin
		Though Paul Grice was a philosopher and not a theologian, he had principles that can apply in sharing our Faith with others seeking and curious about Christianity.
		’Grice’s Maxims’ were his ideas for effective communication, which usually prove true in daily communication.
		These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.
	www.sermoncentral.com /sermon.asp?SermonID=43226 (983 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Aspects of Reason
		Abstract: This book, based on Grice's 1979 Locke Lectures at Oxford and published posthumously, elaborates the notions of reasons, reasoning, and rationality, with particular emphasis on the unity of practical and non-practical ('alethic') reasoning.
		Grice then proposes an 'Equivocality Thesis', arguing that a structural representation can be given for justificatory (normative) reasons that allows for modals (ought, must, etc.) to be used univocally across the alethic/practical divide in terms of general acceptability statements (Chs.
		Finally, Grice provides a characterization of happiness as it features in practical thinking, and suggests it to be an 'inclusive end', consisting of the realization of other ends that are desirable for their own sake as well as for the sake of happiness (Ch.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/philosophy/0198242522/toc.html (254 words)

	Studies in the Way of Words - Paul Grice
		Grice as father of a field of linguistic philosophy, 4/5
		Comment: Studies in the Way of Words, by Paul Grice, is a collection of papers by the late British philosopher of linguistics.
		His prose is quite full of flourishes and there's enough amusing references in there to keep an interested reader going, however the reader must indeed be interested for this book to be of much use.
	www.cdswap.ws /Content/findonamazonus-Asin-0674852710.html (230 words)

	OUP: Conception of Value: Grice
		The works of Paul Grice collected in this volume present his metaphysical defence of value, and represent a modern attempt to provide a metaphysical foundation for value.
		The most striking part of Grice's position, however, is his contention that the legitimacy of such evaluations rests ultimately on an argument for absolute value.
		The collection includes Grice's three previously unpublished Carus Lectures on the conception of value, a section of his 'Reply to Richards' (previously published in Grandy and Warner (eds.), Philosophical Grounds of Rationality, Oxford, 1986), and 'Method in Philosophical Psychology'(Presidential Address delivered to the Annual Meeting of the American Philosophical Association, 1975).
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-924387-5 (424 words)

	Amazon.com: Aspects of Reason: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They focus on an investigation of practical necessity, as Grice contends that practical necessities are established by derivation; they are necessary because they are derivable.
		This work sets this claim in the context of an account of reasons and reasoning, allowing Grice to defend his treatment of necessity against obvious objections and revealing how the construction of explicit derivations can play a central role in explaining and justifying thought and action.
		Grice was still working on Aspects of Reason during the last years of his life, and although unpolished, the book provides an intimate glimpse into the workings of his mind and will refresh and illuminate many areas of contemporary philosophy.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0198242522?v=glance (548 words)

	Oxford University Press: The Conception of Value: Paul Grice
		Collected in this volume are the works of Paul Grice, who not only presents a fascinating metaphysical defense of value but also a metaphysical foundation for value.
		The most striking part of Grice's position, however, is his contention that the legitimacy of such evaluations rests ultimately on an argument for absolute value.
		Challenging yet engaging, Grice's ideas are sure to draw a wide range of readers.
	www.oup.com /us/catalog/23805/subject/Metaphysics/~~/dmlldz11c2EmY2k9OTc4MDE5OTI0Mzg3Nw== (237 words)

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