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Topic: Paul Nitze

	Paul Nitze - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paul Nitze's father was a professor of Romance Linguistics who concluded his career at the University of Chicago.
		Nitze co-founded SAIS with Christian Herter in 1943 and the world renowned graduate school, based in Washington, D.C., is currently named in his honor.
		Paul Nitze was co-founder of the 1970's Team B, created by conservative cold warriors determined to stop détente and the SALT process.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paul_Nitze (849 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Architect of Cold War Had Role in Ending It
		Nitze, whose senior government posts spanned nearly a half-century and eight presidents, from World War II to the end of the Reagan administration, was nearly without parallel for the breadth and depth of his experience in world affairs.
		Nitze was born in Amherst, Mass., on Jan. 16, 1907, the son of a college professor of Romance languages.
		Nitze was among the negotiators of the 1972 SALT I offensive arms accord and the companion Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty on defensive arms.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A48221-2004Oct20?language=printer (1720 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Obituaries \| Obituary: Paul Nitze
		Nitze, in his first adult incarnation, was a businessman and banker, who had made himself financially independent by the time he was 30.
		Nitze was not all public man. He had an intense enjoyment of social life in the upper stratospheres of American society; he was an excellent tennis player, loved riding and was adept at poker - an ability he put to use in his negotiations with the Russians.
		Paul Nitze wrote his own epitaph at the conclusion of his autobiography, From Hiroshima To Glasnost: "I have wrestled with the issues of war and peace...
	www.guardian.co.uk /obituaries/story/0,,1332966,00.html (913 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Paul H Nitze
		Nitze later worked with George Schultz and Reagan on the Start talks and, well into his eighties, was advising on SDI or "Star Wars" until, in 1989, he resigned after falling out with James Baker when the first Bush regime came to office.
		Paul Henry Nitze was born on January 16 1907 at Amherst, Massachusetts, the son of a philologist who was professor of Romance Languages there, and later spent many years at the University of Chicago.
		Paul Nitze married, in 1932, Phyllis Pratt, whose mother was a Republican Congresswoman for the 17th ("Silk Stockings") division of New York.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/10/22/db2202.xml&sSheet=/opinion/2004/10/22/ixopright.html (1010 words)

	Paul Wolfowitz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paul Dundes Wolfowitz (born December 22, 1943) is an American academic and political figure.
		Paul Wolfowitz was the second child of Jacob Wolfowitz and Lillian Dundes.
		Paul Wolfowitz found public prominence through his involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the subsequent Michael Moore film Fahrenheit 9/11 that criticized it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz (4733 words)

	Statement on the Death of Paul H. Nitze
		Paul believed that liberty and democracy are precious values that define the soul of America and move the hearts of all humankind.
		Paul was blessed to live long enough to witness freedom’s triumph at the end of the Cold War.
		Paul was instrumental in shaping the thinking of successive generations of leaders in international affairs, both here and abroad, me included.
	www.state.gov /secretary/former/powell/remarks/37265.htm (487 words)

	Johns Hopkins Gazette \| October 25, 2004
		Paul H. Nitze, adviser to presidents of the United States from both parties, a leading strategist and arms control expert, and co-founder of Johns Hopkins' School of Advanced International Studies, died on the evening of Oct. 19 at his home in Georgetown.
		Unable to attend the celebration, Nitze sent word to Powell that, of all the things he did in a career that lasted nearly half a century, he considered the founding of SAIS to be his greatest accomplishment.
		In 1950, while at the State Department, Nitze was responsible for the formulation of NSC 68, the document that provided the framework for the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
	www.jhu.edu /~gazette/2004/25oct04/25nitze.html (1098 words)

	[Deathwatch] Paul H. Nitze, cold war strategist, 97
		Nitze took a walk with his Soviet counterpart in the Jura Mountains, where he tried to strike a bargain on a package dealing with intermediate-range missiles in Europe.
		Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of the Johns Hopkins University - a school that was named for him in 1989 - where he continued to write articles in a continuing attempt to influence policy.
		Nitze had accumulated more experience in national security affairs than anyone else of his time, to the point that his critics began to think that he believed he had a monopoly on understanding the political uses of nuclear weapons.
	slick.org /pipermail/deathwatch/2004-October/000899.html (668 words)

	Media Advisory-SAIS Founder and Arms Control Expert Paul H. Nitze Dead at 97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Paul knew that in the wake of World War II, the country would need future leaders and diplomats who understood international relations not just from an American viewpoint but also from a worldwide context.
		In 1950, while at the State Department, Nitze was responsible for the formulation of NSC 68-the document which provided the framework for the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
		Nitze’s public life was chronicled in several books including Strobe Talbott’s 1988 The Master of the Game and David Callahan’s 1990 book Dangerous Capabilities: Paul Nitze and the Cold War.
	www.sais-jhu.edu /pubaffairs/media_events/Media_Advisories/MA2004/nitze04.html (885 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Obituaries / Paul Nitze, 97, an architect of Cold War, arms control talks
		Nitze held were vice chairman of the US Strategic Bombing Survey (1944-46), assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs (1961-63), secretary of the navy (1963-67), and deputy secretary of defense (1967-69).
		Nitze on the bombing survey, called him ''a Teutonic martinet happiest in a military hierarchy." His forming of a lobbying group, the Committee on the Present Danger in 1976, proved to be a landmark in both the rise of neoconservatism and the end of detente in US-Soviet relations.
		The son of William Albert Nitze and Anina Sophie (Hilken) Nitzen, Paul Henry Nitze was born on Jan. 16, 1907, in Amherst.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/obituaries/articles/2004/10/21/paul_nitze_97_an_architect_of_cold_war_arms_control_talks?mode=PF (1065 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ambassador Nitze: That INF Treaty had been the principal negotiation between the United States and the Russians for so long that all kinds of other issues got attached to it, really, and to have that negotiation finally succeed in an agreement seemed to me to be triumph, really a great step forward.
		Paul Nitze's work in that regard, including also the time on the Gaither Commission in 1957, is a building block for all of us who follow.
		Then in the 1960s, Paul Nitze is appointed Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, and plays a critical advisory role in many of the crucial issues that John Kennedy dealt with, and the most notable, captured in the film, is the Cuban Missile Crisis.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/people/secnav/danzig/speeches/nitze010110.txt (2822 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: Writer Profile :: PAUL K. NITZE
		PAUL K. If the myth of coming to Harvard is "sink or swim," most first-years might be forgiven for anticipating a life on the ocean floor.
		PAUL K. One of the cruel ironies of college existence, particularly for Harvard students, is that just as nature shows her first green, students are sitting in their rooms turning green about something entirely less pleasant--exams.
		PAUL K. You might imagine that a concentration whose professors would encourage students to leave their Cambridge winter blues for a tropical view of this week's solar eclipse might be a little bit more popular, but Astronomy actually only attracts about eight new concentrators each year.
	www.thecrimson.com /writer.aspx?ID=167 (856 words)

	Paul H. Nitze, 97, shaped U.S. foreign policy
		Nitze's long career, which began with success on Wall Street as a young investment banker and included government service under eight presidents, was capped last April in Bath, Maine, as he witnessed the christening of a warship bearing his name.
		Nitze, a conservative Democrat who grew up in Chicago, was a natural fit for Ronald Reagan's Republican administration that began in 1981 because they both opposed President Jimmy Carter's 1979 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) with the Soviet Union.
		Nitze took charge of negotiating reductions in intermediate range missiles with the Soviet Union in 1981 for Reagan, who had changed direction to support arms control accords.
	www.suntimes.com /output/obituaries/cst-nws-xnitze21.html (488 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Ideas / Worthy opponents
		Nitze had also gone abroad, surveying the destruction of Hiroshima as vice chairman of the Strategic Bombing Survey and gaining a reputation as a skilled numbers man. Upon his return, he advised Kennan on the Marshall Plan, and then served as his deputy on the State Department's Policy Planning Staff.
		Paul Nitze was my mother's father, and, at the least, we all know now that the war he and George Kennan helped define didn't end in the catastrophe that so many feared for so long.
		To Nitze, a nuclear war was theoretically winnable; or, at the least, this country was likely to lose a nuclear war if it didn't act like it wanted to win one, and if it let the Soviets gain even a slight strategic advantage.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2005/04/03/worthy_opponents?pg=full (1984 words)

	Paul Nitze, 1907-2004 \| MetaFilter
		Farewell to the original Cold War warrior: Paul Nitze, the college professor's son who went to Hotchkiss and Harvard and worked as investment banker before going to Washington in 1940, where he quickly became one of the chief architects of American policy towards the Soviet Union.
		Nitze, who saw the Soviet threat primarily in military terms, interpreted Kennan’s call for “the adroit and vigilant application of counter-force” to mean the use of military power.
		Nitze was part of a group of tough-minded intellectuals who, in the phrase of Dean Acheson, onetime secretary of state, were "present at the creation" of the postwar world.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/36448 (954 words)

	The man who brought us the Cold War. By Fred Kaplan
		Nitze's deepest embitterment came during the Carter administration.
		But to Nitze, it was a disaster because it left the Soviets with superiority in missile megatonnage and throw-weight.
		Nitze was one of several thoughtful people wrestling with these dilemmas.
	www.slate.com /id/2108510 (1715 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Nitze became a strong advocate for officers' advanced education opportunities and worked to enhance greater integration of senior Navy staff by moving the Chief of Naval Operations' office next to his own.
		As director, Nitze was the principal author of a highly influential secret National Security Council document (NSC-68), which provided the strategic outline for increased U.S. expenditures to counter the perceived threat of Soviet armament.
		Danzig said, "Paul Nitze, in his many central roles in and out of government, brought strategic intellect and extraordinary courage to bear that helped shape our national security in an era when it was uniquely challenged.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/ships/destroyers/nitze/naming.txt (671 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Paul Nitze, 97, was a key adviser in Cold War
		WASHINGTON — Paul H. Nitze, who pursued a hard-line approach toward the Kremlin as he helped shape U.S. diplomatic and military strategy during the Cold War, is dead at 97.
		Nitze's long career, which began with success on Wall Street as an investment banker and included government service under eight presidents, was capped last April in Bath, Maine, as he witnessed the christening of a warship bearing his name.
		Nitze took charge of negotiating reductions in intermediate-range missiles with the Soviet Union in 1981.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2002068663_nitzeobit21.html (366 words)

	Paul H. Nitze Biography -- Academy of Achievement
		Paul Henry Nitze was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, but moved with his family when his father was named head of the department of Romance Languages and Literature at the University of Chicago.
		Nitze faced a new challenge in the transition from the Democratic administration of President Truman to the incoming Republican administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles.
		Nitze was one of the negotiators of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) treaty and the interim strategic arms limitation agreement (SALT I) in 1972.
	www.achievement.org /autodoc/page/nit0bio-1 (2429 words)

	Nitze Mourned as Man Of Clarity and Courage (washingtonpost.com)
		Paul H. Nitze, a consummate Washington insider whose government service spanned eight presidencies, was remembered yesterday in a one-hour service at Washington National Cathedral as more than a key architect of American strategy against the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
		Nitze, the former senior State Department official, assistant defense secretary, Navy secretary and deputy defense secretary, was also an opinionated uncle, an extraordinary colleague, a generous neighbor and a member of a select group of elite intellectuals who put others at ease.
		Nitze's second wife, Elisabeth Scott Porter, was to present the flag later to the ship's commanding officer, Cmdr. Michael A. Hegarty.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A57467-2004Oct23.html (910 words)

	ZNet \|Foreign Policy \| History of the War Machine:
		Paul Nitze was raised in moderately wealthy surroundings, in a family that embraced its German heritage.
		Paul Nitze rushed in to help, arguing that without an anti-missile system in development, the US would not be able to bargain with the Soviets to ban such systems.
		Paul Nitze denounced the war on terror before he died in 2004, but Paul Wolfowitz never talks about that statement, because the warriors on terror have co-opted Nitze's Cold War policy to perpetuate America's war industry.
	www.zmag.org /content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=8842 (4923 words)

	U.S.: Cold War Strategist Paul Nitze Dies - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Paul Nitze, one of the most influential U.S. foreign policy experts of the 20th century, who negotiated arms-control accords with the Soviet Union, is dead at the age of 97.
		Nitze, a member of a wealthy family, first arrived as a young man in Washington in 1940 to take up government service after a successful business career as a banker.
		In 1982, acting on his own initiative, Nitze took what became known as the "Walk in the Woods" with his Soviet counterpart, in which he tried unsuccessfully to strike a deal on intermediate-range missiles in Europe.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2004/10/ECF04614-E1E7-4FA0-9A51-30152B5A7B22.html (885 words)

	Paul H. Nitze and U.S. Cold War Strategy from Truman to Reagan
		For Nitze, God (or more often the Devil) was in the details on both sides of this process, and, as he stressed in his assessment of the pros and cons of anti-missile defense systems, often the critical question was whether the weapons system, or the proposed policy, was cost-effective at the margin.
		For Nitze, the emphasis upon the need for dispassionate, objective analysis of nuclear weapons capabilities and the development of both military plans and diplomatic policies built upon these analyses would be the constant motif of his thinking on these issues.
		It is an interesting comment on Nitze's sense of priorities that after leaving government service, and the end of the Cold War, Nitze turned his attention to environmental problems as the issue most pressing and worthy of his time and energies.
	www2.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB139 (2680 words)

	deseretnews.com \| U.S. strategist Paul H. Nitze dies
		WASHINGTON (AP) — Paul H. Nitze, who pursued a hard-line approach toward the Kremlin as he helped shape U.S. diplomatic and military strategy during the Cold War, died Tuesday.
		Nitze, a conservative Democrat, was a natural fit for Ronald Reagan's Republican administration that began in 1981 because they both opposed President Jimmy Carter's 1979 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) with the Soviet Union.
		Nitze could not attend the school's annual banquet last week, at which Secretary of State Colin Powell spoke in tribute to his long government service.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,595099708,00.html (263 words)

	Paul Nitze - Demopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Posted Thursday, Oct. 21, 2004, at 3:49 PM PT When Paul Henry Nitze died at the age of 97 on Oct. 19, an era died with him.
		If one man was most responsible for the nuclear nightmares that many Americans suffered along the way, Nitze could wear that tag as well.
		In the annals of Cold War history, three sets of documents stand out as potent hair-raisers— the kinds of documents that not only gave their readers cold sweats, but also changed the course of American security policy—and Nitze wrote all of them.
	demopedia.democraticunderground.com /index.php?title=Paul_Nitze&printable=yes (620 words)

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