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Topic: Pawnee

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		The name Pawnee comes from the term pariki, which means "horn," and refers to the typical hair style.
		Although the Pawnee are generally classified within the Plains culture area, they differed significantly in their mode of life from the classic Plains cultural type, such as that of the Arapaho or Cheyenne.
		Modern ceremonies (as of the early twentieth century) practiced by the Pawnee were the Omaha or Grass Dance, the Ghost Dance, and the Peyote Cult.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7864 (1056 words)

	Pawnee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pawnee lodges tended to be oval in shape, the frame was constructed of 10-15 posts set some ten feet apart which formed the floor of the lodge.
		In 1780 the Pawnee are thought to have numbered around 10,000, but by the 19th century, epidemics of smallpox and cholera wiped out most of the Pawnee, reducing the population to approximately 600 by the year 1900; as of 2002, there are approximately 2500 Pawnee.
		Today the Pawnee are still celebrating their culture and meet twice a year for the inter-tribal gathering with their kinsmen the Wichita Indians and the four day Pawnee Homecoming for Pawnee veterans in July.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pawnee (1154 words)

	Pawnee County, Part 1
		Pawnee in the northwest; Larned in the southeast; Garfield in the southwest.
		Pawnee County is the One Hundred and Sixteenth Representative District by the Apportionment Act of 1881, and a part of the Thirty-fifth Senatorial District.
		The wool clip from Pawnee County for the year 1881, of 75,940 pounds, and its increase of 13,020 sheep - nearly 100 per cent - from 1881 to 1882, is an earnest of the great development of this interest in the county in the future.
	www.kancoll.org /books/cutler/pawnee/pawnee-co-p1.html (2435 words)

	Pawnee Indian Tribe History
		The Pawnee tribes finally established themselves in the valley of Platte river, Nebr., which territory, their traditions say, was acquired by conquest, but the people who were driven out are not named.
		How long the Pawnee resided in the Platte valley is unknown, but their stay was long enough to give new terms to 'west' and 'east,' that is, words equivalent to 'up' or 'down' that eastwardly flowing stream.
		The Pawnee house was the earth lodge, the elaborate construction of which was accompanied with religious ceremony, and when after an absence from home the family returned to their dwelling the posts thereof were ceremonially anointed.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/pawnee/pawneehist.htm (1904 words)

	AllRefer.com - Pawnee (North American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedia
		At one time the Pawnee lived in what is now Texas, but by 1541, when Coronado visited Quivira, they seem to have been settled in the valley of the Platte River in S Nebraska.
		In fact, the Pawnee provided scouts for the U.S. army in the Indian wars as well as protecting the Union Pacific RR from the depredations of other Native Americans.
		Pawnee population was reduced by wars with the Sioux and by the smallpox and cholera epidemics of the 1830s and 1840s.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Pawnee.html (487 words)

	Pawnee
		Pawnee, Native American tribe of the Caddoan language family and of the Plains culture area.
		The Pawnee were never at war with the U.S. government and, in fact, were allied with the whites in efforts to control raids by other Native Americans.
		At that time the Pawnee population numbered fewer than 1000, and the tribe was in danger of extinction.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/pawnee.htm (271 words)

	Constitution of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma
		The Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma is empowered to maintain under any laws of the U.S. and/or Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma's law and order, and judicial systems to protect the peace, safety, health, and welfare of the members of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma, provided the concepts of separation of powers is maintained.
		Members of the Pawnee Nation convicted of a felony or dishonorably discharged from the Armed Forces of the United States of America are ineligible for candidacy.
		This Constitution may be amended by a majority vote of the qualified voters of the Pawnee Nation voting in an election called for that purpose by the Secretary of Interior and conducted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma.
	www.narf.org /nill/Constitutions/pawneeconstitution/pawneeconst.htm (2456 words)

	Pawnee Indian Village, History
		Pawnees believe their ancestors came from the American Southwest.
		Pawnees were the dominant power on the Central Plains.
		The Pawnee long have been known as the "Wolf People." Wolves were respected for their cunning and courage.
	www.kshs.org /places/pawneeindian/history.htm (269 words)

	Pawnee Indian Tribe
		The Pawnee lands in Kansas were taken by the Government through treaties with the Kansas and Osages.
		The cession of the Pawnees in Kansas was insignificant.
		The compact manner in which the Pawnees were always found, and which remained until recently, would seem to justify the conclusion that these gentes or clans extended through all four of the tribal divisions, as with the Iroquois.
	www.kansasgenealogy.com /indians/pawnee_indian_tribe.htm (1579 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Pawnee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Pawnees say they migrated from the south or southwest to their central Great Plains homes long before living memory, and that some came from a dark northern country, where they remained inanimate until the supreme being, Tirawahut, awoke them with lightning and thunder.
		Today, two significant Pawnee events are the annual summer visits between the tribe and the Wichitas, their Caddoan linguistic kinsmen, and the four-day July Pawnee Homecoming, sponsored by the respected Pawnee Veterans' Association.
		Recently, some museum-held Pawnee remains were successfully repatriated and reburied, due largely to efforts on the part of the tribe and the Native American Rights Fund, an advocacy group whose executive director, John Echo Hawk, is a Pawnee.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_028300_pawnee.htm (1152 words)

	HOA - Space Talk: Pawnee Sky Observations
		The stars and constellations the Pawnee considered more significant in tracking the seasons may be exaggerated, and the remaining stars made less prominent in the background, producing distortions in scale.
		One major Pawnee legend deals with the origin of the sacred tribal bundle, which was guarded and protected by the tribal shaman for its magical charms.
		The Pawnee marked their year, not with the Sun's motions or the phases of the Moon, but with the appearance in the southeast sky of two small stars known as the "swimming ducks," and the Pleiades.
	hoa.aavso.org /spacetalk.htm (767 words)

	The Pawnee Indians
		The Pawnee Nation had existed in relative peace and tranquillity in the wilds of Nebraska for hundreds of years prior to the arrival of the white man. At their peak they numbered about 10,000 people.
		The traditional clothing of the Pawnee consisted of moccasins made from otter skins with Buffalo skin serving as the main material for clothing.
		The Pawnee entered into agreements to cede their lands to the United States Government in 1833, 1848, 1857 and 1872.
	la.essortment.com /pawneeindianna_rfjj.htm (674 words)

	Pawnee County, KS
		Pawnee County, KS You are here: Blue Skyways > Kansas > Counties > Pawnee
		Organized in 1872. County seat, Larned. Named for the once powerful tribe of Pawnee Indians, the area of this county having been included in their original hunting grounds.
		The Kansas State Historical Society also has more historical data for Pawnee County online including a rich bibliography and lists of cemeteries, post offices, and newspapers.
	skyways.lib.ks.us /counties/PN (318 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: PAWNEE INDIANS
		The Pawnee Indians are members of the Caddoan linguistic family, which inhabited a large region in central North America stretching from South Dakota to Texas and Louisiana.
		The Pawnees regarded themselves as four separate tribes: the Skidis, who were the dominant tribe; the Chauis; the Kitkehahkis; and the Pitahauerats.
		The Wichitas and the Pawnees migrated northward and settled in the vicinity of the Arkansas River in southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma in the seventeenth century.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/PP/bmp52.html (1356 words)

	Pawnee
		Although the Pawnee lived in permanent villages of earth lodges most of the year, they switched to tipis in the summer.
		By the early 1700s, the Pawnee had divided into four bands, the Skidi, the Grand, the Tapage, and the Republican.
		The Pawnee made friends with the Anglos, despite the fact that they had to cede a large share of their lands and settle on a reservation in Nebraska.
	www.nps.gov /jeff/LewisClark2/TheJourney/NativeAmericans/Pawnee.htm (500 words)

	Pawnee/Buckner Hydrogeolgoy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the upper reaches of the Pawnee River the alluvial valley is relatively narrow (approximately one mile) and gradually widens in Ness County.
		The width is maintained into Pawnee County to the confluence of the Pawnee River and the Arkansas River south of Larned, KS.
		The Dakota aquifer is hydraulically connected to the alluvium in portions of Hodgeman and Pawnee County.
	www.accesskansas.org /kda/dwr/basinteam/Pawnee/pages/PawneeHydrology.html (1030 words)

	The Flag of the Pawnee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Pawnee gained fame as scouts for the United States Army, and a battalion of them served from 1865 to 1885 within the army in the Plains.
		The main flag of the Pawnee flown in the Tribal Headquarters in Pawnee, OK is to be mounted on an oldtime Pawnee lance bearing a genuine flint spearhead.
		The Pawnee consider their flag a sacred symbol, even though it only dates back to 1977, and under Pawnee law it should never be desecrated or allowed to touch the ground.
	members.aol.com /Donh523/navapage/pawn.htm (709 words)

	Skidi-Pawnee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Skidi Pawnee, or the Wolf Pawnee are one of the four confederated bands in the Pawnee Nation.
		The Skidi are much like the other Pawnee in habitation and dress but their social organization is quite unique.
		The Skidi dressed similarly to other plains tribes, but they were known for, like the other Pawnee bands, the distinct way the men wore their hair.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/skidi_pawnee.html (491 words)

	Pawnee
		In the 1800's, the Pawnee tribe was composed of relatively independent bands; the Kitkehahki, Chaui, Pitahauerat, and the Skidi.
		The Pawnee believed some of the stars to be gods and used astronomy throughout their daily activities.
		The population of the Pawnee in the 1780's was estimated at 10,000.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/northamerica/pawnee.html (729 words)

	NMNH - Repatriation Office - Reports - Plains - Pawnee
		Documentation of remains and associated funerary objects from this area was initiated in response to requests in 1992 and 1994 from the Pawnee Tribe for an evaluation of remains housed at the NMNH and listed in Census Report on Human Remains Ancestral to the Pawnee Tribe at the Smithsonian Institution, prepared by Roger Echo-Hawk.
		The remains from Group I, which consists of 12 sets of protohistoric and historic Pawnee remains, were evaluated by the Repatriation Office in an earlier report, People of the Stars: Pawnee Heritage and the Smithsonian Institution.
		The Pawnee have been authorized by cooperative resolutions from the Wichita and Three Affiliated Tribes (Arikara, Hidatsa, and Mandan) to be responsible for the decisions involving the repatriation of human remains from the Central Plains Tradition.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /anthro/repatriation/reports/regional/plains/pawnee.htm (578 words)

	Pawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, Law and Order Code, Enrollment Statute
		Membership - All persons enrolled with the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma in accordance with this Statute and the Constitution of the Pawnee Nation, maintaining eligibility descent pursuant based on the official 1937 Base Roll.
		Application: Persons desiring to be considered for enrollment in the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma must file an application for enrollment with the enrollment assistant.
		A copy of the non-tribal member(s) birth certificate will be required and kept in the file of the descendant's enrollment file or enrolled members file for documentation and future use.
	www.narf.org /nill/Codes/pawneecode/enrollment.htm (1427 words)

	Learn more about Pawnee mythology in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Pawnee are a tribe of Native Americans originally located in Nebraska, United States.
		Tirawa (also Atius Tirawa) was the creator god and taught the Pawnee people tattooing, fire-building, hunting, agriculture, speech and clothing, religious rituals (including the use of tobacco) and sacrifices.
		He was associated with most natural phenomena, including stars and planets, wind, lightning, rain and thunder.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/pa/pawnee_mythology.html (168 words)

	Pawnee -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In the 19th century the Pawnee tribe was composed of relatively independent bands: the Kitkehahki, Chaui, Pitahauerat, and Skidi.
		Chester Gould was born on Nov. 20, 1900, in Pawnee, Okla. He began cartooning while in college and in 1924 began drawing “Fillum Fables,” comic-strip spoofs of popular movies.
		It ran from Independence, Mo., west and south through Council Grove and Pawnee Rock to Santa Fe, N.M. The second great route to the West that passed through Kansas was the Oregon Trail.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9058822?tocId=9058822 (732 words)

	Pawnee's Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Pawnee Mental Health Services is a not-for-profit community mental health center, one of 29 community mental health centers licensed and regulated by the state of Kansas.
		Each center must meet standards of quality in several areas, including the provision of specified programs, the employment and supervision of staff, and the development of standardized clinical practices.
		Pawnee is one of 14 facilities licensed in the state of Kansas to provide substance abuse treatment.
	www.pawnee.org /PawneeOrg/pawnee-org.htm (123 words)

	North Central Oklahoma Wild West Territory - Pawnee, Oklahoma
		Pawnee is a friendly little town with a proud past and a bright future of renewed spirit and enthusiasm.
		Pawnee Bill and Buffalo Bill rode together in what was to be thefirst of the Wild West Shows in 1883.
		The town of Pawnee, Oklahoma, was first a trading post on Bear Creek, and then the agency for the Pawnee tribe after their removal from Nebraska.
	wildwesttour.com /communities/pawnee.htm (1199 words)

	Nebraska Trailblazer #1, American Indians, Background Information
		The Pawnee were the most populous tribe in Nebraska and lived in the area longer than any other group.
		The Pawnee raised several varieties of corn, beans, and squash that were tended by the women.
		This combination of misfortune was enough to convince the Pawnee to move to a new reservation in Oklahoma.
	www.nebraskahistory.org /museum/teachers/material/trail/indians/backgrnd.htm (3438 words)

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