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Topic: Peace of Augsburg

	Peace of Augsburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty signed between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League on September 25, 1555 at the city of Augsburg in Germany.
		Although the Peace of Augsburg was moderately successful in relieving tension in the empire and increasing tolerance, it left important things undone.
		By aligning religious divisions with political divisions, the Peace of Augsburg fixed the patchwork of states that characterized Germany into the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg (356 words)

	Peace of Augsburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The effect of the Peace of Augsburg was to establish official toleration for Lutherans in the Holy Roman Empire.
		Neither the Anabaptists nor the Calvinists were protected under the peace: many Protestant groups living under the rule of a Lutheran prince still found themselves in danger of the charge of heresy.
		The religious divisions that the Peace of Augsburg created in Germany left it fragmented long after the other great nation-states of Europe (England, France, Austria-Hungary, etc.) were able to unite, thus weakening Germany as a world power until well into the 19th century.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Peace_of_Augsburg (291 words)

	Encyclopedia: Peace of Augsburg
		The Augsburg Confession, in Latin Confessio Augustana, is the central document of the Lutheran reformation, which was a reaction against the Roman Catholic Church.
		The Ratification of the Treaty of Münster by Gerard Terborch (1648) The Peace of Westphalia, also known as the treaties of Münster and Osnabrück, is the series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years War and officially recognized the United Provinces and Swiss Confederation.
		Augsburg is the third largest city in Bavaria, a university city, the seat of the Swabian government and an important economic centre where internationally renowned companies offer state-of-the-art computer and electronic technology.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Peace-of-Augsburg (996 words)

	Augsburg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1530 the Augsburg confession was presented to the Holy Roman Emperor at the Diet of Augsburg.
		Following the Peace of Augsburg in 1555, after which the rights of religious minorities in imperial cities were to be protected, a mixed Catholic-Protestant city council presided over a majority Protestant population.
		The patron saint of Augsburg is Saint Afra, who was killed by the Romans at Augsburg in 304.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Augsburg (772 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Augsburg
		The See of Augsburg reached the period of its greatest splendor under St. Ulrich (923-973); he raised the standard of training and discipline among the clergy by the reformation of existing schools and the establishment of new ones, and by canonical visitations and synods; he provided for the poor, and rebuilt decayed churches and monasteries.
		At the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, at which the so-called Augsburg Confession was delivered to Emperor V in the chapel of the episcopal palace, the emperor issued an edict according to which all innovations were to be abolished, and Catholics reinstated in their rights and property.
		In the city of Augsburg the Catholic churches were seized by Lutheran and Zwinglian preachers; at the command of the council pictures were removed, and at the instigation of Bucer and others a disgraceful storm of popular iconoclasm followed, resulting in the destruction of many splendid monuments of art and antiquity.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02073b.htm (3993 words)

	Peace of Augsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Spielmobil Augsburg Diese Seite informiert über das Projekt "Spielmobil" in Augsburg.
		Taking a Path to Peace Nichidatsu Fujii and the continuing work of his Buddhist order in building peace pagodas, walking for peace, and working for peace and justice through their spiritual practice.
		The University for Peace An institution of higher education for peace.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Peace_of_Augsburg.html (604 words)

	Treaty of Wesphalia (1648) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück.
		The Peace of Westphalia confirmed the Peace of Augsburg (1555), which had granted Lutherans religious tolerance in the empire and which had been rescinded by the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II in his Edict of Restitution (1629).
		The declaration that all protests or vetoes of the Peace of Westphalia by whomsoever pronounced should be null and void dealt a blow at the intervention of the Roman Curia in German affairs.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/WestphaliaTreaty/WestphaliaTreaty.html (912 words)

	Augsburg
		Augsburg was one of Europe's most important commercial and banking centers in the 15th and 16th cent.
		Augsburg's many noteworthy structures include the cathedral (begun in the 9th cent.); the 16th-century Fuggerei, an enclosed settlement for poor persons founded by the Fugger family; and the 17th-century town hall.
		Augsburg, Peace of - Augsburg, Peace of, 1555, temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0805316.html (394 words)

	PlanetPapers - Peace of Westphalia
		The impact of the Peace of Westphalia was broad and long-standing, as it dictated the future of Germany and ex-territories of the Holy Roman Empire for some time to come.
		It renewed the terms of the Peace of Augsburg, namely that each state of the Empire received the liberty to be either Lutheran or Catholic as it chose; no individual freedom of religion was permitted.
		In addition to re-instituting the Peace of Augsburg in its traditional form, the Peace of Westphalia included Calvinism to Lutheranism and Catholicism as an acceptable faith.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/353.php (774 words)

	Peace of Augsburg
		Lutherans presented the Confession of Augsburg in an attempt to prove to Rome that their views were Biblical.
		In 1552, at the Peace of Passau, Charles accepted the existence of the evangelical church and promised to hold a "diet" to settle the controversy.
		The Peace of Augsburg did, however, permit people to transplant to a region whose faith was more congenial to each.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/09/daily-09-25-2001.shtml (537 words)

	Diet of Augsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Diet of Augsburg were the meetings of the Reichstag of the Holy Roman Empire in the German city of Augsburg.
		There were many such sessions, but the three meetings during the Reformation and the ensuing religious wars between the Catholic emperor Charles V and the Protestant Schmalkaldic League in the early 16th century are especially noteworthy.
		This attempt to give Catholicism the priority was rejected by many princes, though, and a resolution of the confessional tensions was only achieved at the session on 1555, where the Peace of Augsburg was concluded.
	diet-of-augsburg.area51.ipupdater.com (190 words)

	Augsburg im Überblick
		The face of Augsburg has been shaped by its 2000-year history and within it the styles of all the major architectural periods are to be found.
		The city emblem recalls its numerous representations in stone from Augsburg's era as a Roman capital, being displayed, for an example, on the Roman wall on the Fronhof.
		The Peace of Augsburg is celebrated for the first time as a holiday on the 8th of August - as it is today.
	www.augsburg.de /Seiten/augsburg_e/a_i_ueberblick_e/geschichte_e/geschichte_e_u/geschichte_e.shtml (627 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : The Thirty Years' War (1618 - 1648)
		"The Peace of Augsburg", as it came to be known, said that the ruler of each state within the Empire could impose his own religion on all of his subjects.
		It was the Peace of Augsburg that finally convinced Charles that he had failed as the greatest Catholic ruler of Europe, and he abdicated the following year.
		The Peace of Augsburg, nevertheless, did bring peace to the Holy Roman Empire for over fifty years, a quite remarkable achievement when we think of what was happening in the rest of Europe.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/chap5127.html (444 words)

	Peace of Augsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the Peace of Augsburg was moderately in relieving tension in the empire and tolerance it left important things undone.
		The religious divisions that the Peace of created in Germany left it fragmented long the other great nation-states of Europe (England France Austria-Hungary etc.) were able to unite thus Germany as a world power until well the 19th century.
		Some historians theorize that it was this delay unification that led to the extreme German nationalism in the 19th and 20th centuries indirectly to World War One and World War Two.
	www.freeglossary.com /Peace_of_Augsburg (454 words)

	The Peace of Augsburg: German History
		The settlement, which represented a victory for the princes, granted recognition to both Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism in Germany, and each ruler gained the right to decide the religion to be practiced within his state.
		Germany was also less united than before because Germans were no longer of one faith, a situation officially recognized by the Peace of Augsburg.
		The agreement did not bring sectarian peace, however, because the religious question in Germany had not yet been settled fully.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/history/bl_augsburg_peace.htm (231 words)

	Peace of Augsburg (1555) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The emperor Karl V. 's provisional ruling on the religious question, the Augsburg Interim of 1548, had been overthrown in 1552 by the revolt of the Protestant elector Maurice of Saxony (1521-1553) and his allies.
		The emperor, however, was unwilling to recognize the religious division in Western Christendom as permanent and granted a peace only until the next imperial Diet.
		The Diet, which opened at Augsburg on Feb. 5, 1555, was proclaimed by Karl V., but not wishing to take part in the inevitable religious compromises, he refused to attend the proceedings and empowered his brother Ferdinand (the future emperor Ferdinand I.) to settle all questions.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/AugsbergPeace/AugsburgPeace.html (456 words)

	Peace of Augsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the Peace of Augsburg was moderately successful in relieving tension in the empire and increasing tolerance, it leftimportant things undone.
		The religious divisions that the Peace of Augsburg created in Germany left it fragmented long after the other greatnation-states of Europe (England, France, Austria-Hungary, etc.) wereable to unite, thus weakening Germany as a world power until well into the 19thcentury.
		Some historians theorize that it was this delay in unification thatled to the extreme German nationalism in the 19th and 20th centuries, leadingindirectly to World War One and World War Two.
	www.therfcc.org /peace-of-augsburg-25517.html (255 words)

	German8
		The Peace of Augsburg in 1555 promised to the territorial princes the right to decide whether Catholicism or Lutheranism would be admitted within their respective realms.
		If the common man within a particular territory disagreed with the faith that the prince of that territory chose, he would be permitted to emigrate with his family to another territory.
		The Peace of Augsburg was flawed and, in part, served as a cause of the Thirty Years War that would erupt in 1618.
	www.motherbedford.com /German8.htm (947 words)

	The Religious Peace of Augsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Likewise the Estates espousing the Augsburg Confession shall let all the Estates and Princes who cling to the old religion live in absolute peace and in the enjoyment of all their estates, rights, and privileges.
		The chapter and such are entitled to it by common law or the custom of the place shall elect a person espousing the old religion who may enter on the possession and enjoyment of all the rights and incomes of the place without any further hindrance and without prejudging any ultimate amicable transaction of religion.
		In case our subjects whether belonging to the old religion or the Augsburg confession should intend leaving their homes with their wives and children in order to settle in another, they shall be hindered neither in the sale of their estates after due payment of the local taxes nor injured in their honour.
	www.uoregon.edu /~sshoemak/323/texts/augsburg.htm (271 words)

	Goethe-Institut - Religion - Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		His brother and successor Ferdinand I (1503-1564) began negotiations with the Imperial princes that eventually culminated in the Religious Peace which was concluded at the Diet of Augsburg in 1555.
		Today, the Religious Peace of Augsburg is seen as the foundation of a modern culture of intercultural tolerance and a non-violent practical acknowledgment of diversity.
		Celebrations to mark the 450th anniversary of the Religious Peace of Augsburg began on 15 June 2005 with an exhibition.
	www.goethe.de /kug/ges/rel/thm/en716584.htm (495 words)

	LWF - News - Augsburg, the city of religious peace
		By the end of the 15th century, Augsburg was the most important business and financial center north of the Alps.
		In 1555 he had to agree to the “Peace of Augsburg”, which was supposed to guarantee the peaceful existence of Protestant and Catholic areas side by side.
		It was only after the cruelty and suffering of the 30 years’ War that the Peace of Westphalia, again signed in Augsburg, introduced the principle of parity.
	www.lutheranworld.org /News/LWI/EN/690.EN.html (788 words)

	Peace Of Augsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It shows the world as he wants it to be, a world where peace prevails over violence.
		The annual two-day forum called the Peace Prize Forum is a consortium comprised of Augsburg, Augustana, Concordia, Luther and St. Olaf colleges.
		My name is Murphy Augsburg and I am a golden retriever that lives with June and Ron.
	peace-of-augsburg.wikiverse.org (404 words)

	Augsburg College - Nobel Peace Prize Forum
		We will be showing the documentary, "Four Sisters for Peace" about the lives and commitments of the famous McDonald sisters (Rita, Kate, Jane, and Bridgid) of Minneapolis.
		Deanna Armbruster will speak about women programs at the village of Neve Shalom/Wahat al-Salam, the "Oasis of Peace." Neve Shalom/Wahat al-Salam is a village located midway between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem in Israel where Palestinians and Israelis--all citizens of Israel--live, work and raise their families together.
		Peace can not come through denial or suppression of violence and past wrongs; rather, lasting peace is accomplished through the bridge of reconciliation, which confronts the process of peace with the challenge of justice.
	www.augsburg.edu /ppf/sessionsPM.html (1690 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		On the other hand, the agreement reached at Augsburg did amount to a distinct understanding that, until some authoritative decision-whether proceeding from a General Council, or a National Synod, or an Imperial Diet-should have been accepted by Catholics and Lutherans alike, both sides should be at liberty to exercise the religion of their choice.
		The misfortune was that the praiseworthy main principle of the Religious Peace was hedged round by restrictions materially impairing its value, and-which was of even worse omen for the security of the Empire-' that rules and exceptions alike were enveloped by a haze of uncertainty, the result partly of timorousness and partly of design.
		Finally, it should be noted that, in conformity with the principles adopted in the Religious Peace and in the new Exekutionsordnung, the Diet of 1555 remodelled the chief permanent judicial tribunal in the Empire, and the only one of which the composition was determined in common by the Emperor and the Estates-the Reichskammer•gericht.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh305.html (15559 words)

	Augsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For example, Aegridus was the son of the famous Augsburg Patrician Lucas Rem and Magdelena Welser.
		In 1555, a peace was made between the Catholics and Lutherans known as the Peace of Augsburg.
		The city of Augsburg in that period (and the Rem family) owed its wealth to being at the center of the overland shipping network that transported goods from around the world from Venice to northern Europe.
	www.cba.hawaii.edu /remus/genes/Bavaria/home.htm (760 words)

	Religious war and the Peace of Augsburg (from Germany) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		More results on "Religious war and the Peace of Augsburg (from Germany)" when you join.
		In 1974 Augsburg annexed the neighbouring cities of Göggingen and Haunstetten.
		This panoramic study of early 19th-century Russian society, noted for its mastery of realistic detail and variety of psychological analysis, is generally regarded as one of the world's greatest novels.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-58161 (696 words)

	When Protestantism Became Legal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On September 25, 1555, the Peace of Augsburg was ratified.
		With the Peace of Augsburg, signed 449 years ago today, the imperial law was changed to recognize and legalize the Protestant movement.
		The Peace of Augsburg recognized only those churches that accepted the Augsburg Confession, that is, the Lutherans.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1226912/posts (2339 words)

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