
	Where results make sense

Topic: Peace of Kiel

	Kiel - LoveToKnow 1911
		KIEL, the chief naval port of Germany on the Baltic, a town of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein.
		The pride of Kiel is its magnificent harbour, which has a comparatively uniform depth of water, averaging 40 ft., and close to the shores 20 ft. Its length is 11 m.
		Kiel is mentioned as a city in the next century; in 1242 it received the Lubeck rights; in the 14th century it acquired various trading privileges, having in 1284 entered the Hanseatic League.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Kiel (648 words)

	Treaty of Kiel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Kiel was a settlement between Sweden and Denmark-Norway on January 14, 1814, whereby the Danish king, a loser in the Napoleonic wars, ceded Norway to the king of Sweden, in return for the Swedish holdings in Pomerania.
		However, the treaty signed in Kiel would never come into force.
		The treaty of Kiel did not include the ancient Norwegian dependencies of Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands, which remained under Danish rule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel (277 words)

	Kiel, Germany
		The peace and quietness of Düsternbrook is noticeable in the Diederichsenpark as well as in the Forstbaumschule and the Düsternbrooker Woods with their winding paths.
		In 1242 Kiel was granted city status and proof of this was given to the town by Adolfs eldest son, Count Johann I.
		Kiel was pointing the way to the future for the shipbuilding industry: the submarine (1850), the gyrocompass (1904) and the sonar (1913) were invented here.
	worldfacts.us /Germany-Kiel.htm (2630 words)

	Reconstruction
		With the peace of Kiel in 1814, the saga of Danish-Norwegian sea power came to and end.
		As a curiosity it may be mentioned that the interest shown by King Frederik VI and King Christian VIII in "modern paddle steamers" undoubtedly compelled the fleet to acquire such ships.
		In the years 1824-40, the paddle steamers Kiel, and later the Ægir served as royal yachts.
	www.orlogsmuseet.dk /kroneng922.htm (609 words)

	Denmark - History - The Long Peace and the Short War, 1720-1814 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The peace in 1720 marked the end of the last Dano-Swedish war, and the time up to the war with Britain 1807-1814 was the longest period of peace that Denmark has ever enjoyed.
		The first years of peace were dominated by the struggle to repay the debts of war, combined with a serious agricultural crisis.
		The result of the war was the State Bankruptcy in 1813, and at the Peace of Kiel the following year Frederik VI had to cede Norway to the king of Sweden.
	www.um.dk /Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-5.asp (2316 words)

	Reconstruction of the Navy 1814-1848
		From 1824 on, the royal family for short cruises used the KIEL until it was converted to a troop carrier in 1852.
		For seventeen years, the KIEL was the navy's only steamship until 1841, when the ÆGIR was purchased in England.
		Krenchel, commander of the warship ØRNEN, presented the king with the ratification of the peace treaty with Morocco.
	www.navalhistory.dk /English/History/1814_1848/Reconstruction.htm (1848 words)

	Winston Kiel
		His father had been a member of the Imperial Senate some years before and Winston obviously inherited his knack for politics, as tricky as they may be.
		His wife, however, is a sweet and simple woman who cares not for power or knowledge, but is content to live out her years on Xenen in peace-her only want for existence.
		Kiel was ousted as governor of Xenen in recent elections.
	members.tripod.com /CayAthens/kartuiin/winston.htm (195 words)

	SportKISS, Kiel
		The University of Kiel was founded in 1665.
		Kiel University's relations to Northern and Eastern Europe are outstanding in quality and quantity.
		The ISS and the Sports Center (Sportzentrum), which is responsible for university sports, share the office buildings, the sports installations, the Sailing Center 'Schilksee', and the Rowing and Canoeing Center 'Seeburg'.
	www.uni-kiel.de /sportalt/kiss/description.html (295 words)

	1905
		At the Peace of Kiel, with the signing of the Treaty of Kiel on 14 January 1814, Norway was given to Sweden by Denmark as compensation for the loss of Finland five years earlier.
		Thus the origins of the Swedish-Norwegian union are rooted in the international power games that took place in Europe after the Napoleonic wars.
		This creates friction between Norway and Sweden, which, under the rule of Crown Prince Carl XIV Johan, demands the commitments laid down in the Peace of Kiel be honoured.
	www.nb.no /baser/1905/tidsl/1814_1903/1814_1815_e.html (278 words)

	fortress
		In the period of peace after The Great Nordic War the king was of the opinion that the small forts were more a burden than a benefit.
		After the peace in Kiel in 1814 there was very strong activity at the Grindal fort during some months.
		But already in December 1814, the Kongsvinger commandership was told to accept the furniture and fittings from these forts and hand them over to the civilian authority.
	users.owt.com /w.i.borg/Maps/christianfeld/fortress.htm (708 words)

	Rulers Of Norway
		At the close of the Napoleonic wars, additional pressure was brought to bear on Denmark by the Swedish government, and at the Peace of Kiel in 1814 Norway was released from her four-centurieslong union with Denmark.
		Much to the disappointment of the many Norwegians who had hoped for complete independence, it appeared that the actual terms of the Peace of Kiel did not after-all secure that independence ; on the contrary, those terms were such as to place Norway again under a foreign sovereign—this time under the King of Sweden.
		Russia, Prussia, Austria and England united in insistence on the terms of the Peace of Kiel, and the monarch was reluctantly acknowledged ; it was agreed, however, that Norway was to retain her free constitution, and in all respects be on an equal footing with Sweden in the dual monarchy.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles24/norway-501.shtml (3078 words)

	Napoleon Bonaparte Internet Guide - Proclamation of the prince royal of Sweden to the Norwegians
		The advantages which your old sovereign derived from that peace, are known to you.
		These great sacrifices were made to Denmark, only because she promised that you would peaceably, and without opposition, acknowledge the authority of the King of Sweden; and you will appreciate them, on reading the treaties which united Sweden, Russia, England, Prussia and Austria against the common enemy.
		After having laid the foundation of the peace of Europe, and consolidated the Protestant faith, his plan was to effect your union with Sweden.
	www.napoleonbonaparte.nl /newspaper/messenger1814/norway.html (826 words)

	Udstilling i Den Sorte Diamant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		This especially applies to the enormous changes of the European map, which constantly occured as a consequence of peace settlements and annexations.
		Illustrated by own and borrowed graphic works, paintings, coins, medals, ship models, furniture and dresses, the story is told of Denmarks role during the Napoleonic wars, The Battle at Rheden, The Bombardment of Copenhagen, The Danish-French Alliance and the Peace in Kiel.
		The common thread is the limited freedom of choice as opposed to the two blocs of great politics lead by respectively Britain and France.
	www.kb.dk /kultur/diamant/events/napoleon_en.htm (320 words)

	MINELREL-L Archive (01311999-16:46:18-18216) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		It was pointed out that recent changes in the language requirements of Estonian electoral law are not consistent with the functioning of an inclusive democracy, as required by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, in particular Article 25.
		The participants also noted that the concerns underlying international human rights and minority standards are to ensure equality of everyone in dignity and rights, and to protect cultural, religious and linguistic pluralism in society as a basic element for ensuring peace and stability in the country and the region at large.
		Participants further noted with concern that developments during the last decade have caused significant differences in the enjoyment of economic and social rights among members of Estonian society, and that appropriate measures should be taken to ensure that discrimination does not occur on the basis of language and ethnicity.
	www.arts.uwaterloo.ca /minelres/archive/01311999-16:46:18-18216.html (1502 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on BlinkBits.com
		Peaceful Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy (en)
		Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War (en)
		Peace Plan for Self-Determination of the People of Western Sahara (en)
	www.blinkbits.com /wikifeeds/PE (141 words)

	Supremacy
		The union with Sweden never turned out to be lasting and was finally dissolved in 1523 with the Swedish uprising lead by Gustav Vasa.
		The union with Norway, which also included the far-reaching and vast North Atlantic possessions of the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland, lasted until the Peace of Kiel in 1814.
		To the south Schleswig and Holstein were united with the Danish crown in 1420 under Christian I. The Thirty Years’ War (1618-48) and the war against Sweden (1657-60) lead to the loss of the strategically important eastern provinces of Halland, Scania, and Blekinge.
	www.workindenmark.dk /Supremacy (156 words)

	BUCHAREST DAILY NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The union had been established in 1814, and Norway was forced into it.
		After Norway had been taken away from Denmark and handed over to the King of Sweden following the Peace of Kiel, the Norwegians revolted against the Swedes.
		The revolt resulted in the Norwegian Constitution of May 17, 1814.
	www.daily-news.ro /article_detail.php?idarticle=12244 (444 words)

	INES NEWSLETTER 12 may 95
		Around 120 representatives of companies, research and administration from the Baltic countries met in Kiel between the 3rd and 5th of March in this conference, organised by the Peace Research Unit Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-University, and INES.
		A background for the theme of the conference is the fact that expenditure on military production will decline by 40-50% between the end of the 1980's and the year 2000.
		Special attention must be payed to the problems of the disadvantaged as well as to disarmament and to the peace- ful solution of conflicts.
	www.mindspring.com /~ines/may1295.html (1454 words)

	Sweden History & Sweden Culture \| iExplore.com
		Sweden won the last remaining Baltic territories not under their control – Prussia and Pomerania – but Gustav was killed at the battle of Lützen in 1632.
		Although the Peace of Westphalia (1648) confirmed Sweden as a major power, this dominance proved to be short lived.
		After the Peace of Kiel in 1814, Sweden was confirmed in possession of Norway but was forced to cede several German regions to Denmark and Finland to Russia, marking the termination of Swedish interests on mainland Europe.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/Sweden/History (1326 words)

	AFB-INFO 2/96 - German Peace Research Publications in English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Krell, Gert/Nicklas, Hans/Ostermann, Änne, `Immigration, Asylum and Anti-Foreigner Violence in Germany', Journal of Peace Research, 33 (1996), 2: 153-70.
		Schlichtmann, Klaus, `The Ethics of Peace: Shidehara Kijuro and Article 9 of the Constitution', Japan Forum, 7 (1995), 1: 43-67.
		Senghaas, Dieter, `Provocative Mediation: A Suggestion', Peace and the Sciences, 27 (Mar. 1996), 1-4.
	www.bonn.iz-soz.de /afb/afbinfo/962/inf96221.htm (1059 words)

	ICER AIR 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		In 1905 Norway emerged as an independent nation, following the peaceful dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden.
		The Union between Norway and Sweden was established in 1814 following the Peace of Kiel which ended almost 400 years of Danish rule.
		But through negotiations between Norwegian and Swedish representatives a mutually agreed formula for a peaceful ending of the union was reached in Karlstad (Sweden).
	www.icerair.com /events/bigAir/norway.htm (251 words)

	[No title]
		Brunon Synak President of the Pomeranian Region Parliament, Chairman of the BSSSC 11.20 11.45 12.00Break "Which essentials must be observed in cooperation projects?" Prof.
		Klaus Potthoff Director of the Schleswig-Holstein Institute for Peace Research at Kiel University (SHIP) Course of the workshop-seminar, introduction of the moderators 15.05Participants introduce themselves 15.30 16.30 Information session 2: Presentations by the regions attending the meeting (max.
		Brunon Synak President of the Pomeranian Region Parliament, Chairman of the BSSSC and polish parliamentarians powers of the parliament spectrum of the political parties, status of the MPs function of the committees relationship between the executive and the legislative branches who is responsible for foreign relations in the region?
	www.schiff.uni-kiel.de /download_files/landtagtraining.doc (550 words)

	Historisk Tidsskrift / Copyright © by Den danske historiske Forening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Only too late did the King recognize this although his Foreign Secretary, Niels Rosenkrantz, several times since September 1812 had tried to persuade him to loosen the connection with France and attempt a sort of rapprochement with England, its enemy.
		When Frederik VI in Spring 1813 tried to get a peace with England and get a better relationship to Russia, it proved impossible and neither would guarantee that Norway remained a part of the Danish monarchy.
		The result was a renewal of the ties to Napoleonic France, a policy which in the end proved disastrous, insofar as Denmark lost Norway at the peace in Kiel, January 1814.
	www.hum.ou.dk /projects/histtid/summary/77_84.html (278 words)

	Nordic history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		1645: At the peace in Brömsebro Sweden got from Denmark-Norway Jämtland, Härjedalen, Gotland, Ösel and (for 30 years) Halland.
		1721: At the peace in Nystad Sweden lost the baltic provinses and parts of the Karelén to Rusia.
		1814: At the peace in Kiel Norway is given to the king of Sweden, but Iceland remains under the danish crown.
	www.solace.mh.se /~blasta/hist_eng.htm (627 words)

	Sweden History - TravelPuppy.com
		Sweden won the last remaining Baltic territories not under their control, Prussia and Pomerania, however Gustav was killed at the battle of Lützen in 1632.
		Although the Peace of Westphalia (in 1648) confirmed Sweden as a major power, this supremacy proved to be short lived.
		After the Peace of Kiel in 1814, the country was confirmed in possession of Norway but was forced to cede many German regions to Denmark and Finland to Russia, marking the termination of Swedish interests on mainland Europe.
	travelpuppy.com /sweden/history.htm (1046 words)

	1905 – A Peaceful Separation (Norwegian Centennial Anniversary)
		The elderly King Oscar II was disappointed and bitter, but he was also in poor health and obviously a tired man in 1905 who was resigned to giving up Norway without a fight.
		Had the negotiations at the Karlstad conference failed, it is very possible that there would have been a war.
		One possibility is that the Norwegian forces could have stalled the Swedish attack, and bought enough time for the Great Powers to step in and conclude a peace treaty.
	www.2005.norway.info /background/peacefulseparation/history.htm (2078 words)

	AFB-INFO 1/97 - GERMAN PEACE RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS IN ENGLISH
		Birckenbach, Hanne-Margret, `Minority Conflicts in the Baltic Sea Region', in Åland Islands Peace Institute (ed.), Minorities and Conflicts: Report from the Minority Days on the Åland Island 18-23 Oct. 1995 (Mariehamn, 1996), 75-92.
		Groll, Götz von/Meyer, Berthold, Still a Chance for Negotiated Peace: Applying the Lessons of the CSCE with a View to a Conference on Security and Co-operation in the Middle East (Peace Research Institute Frankfurt: PRIF Report 45; Frankfurt/M.,1996).
		Pöllinger, Sigrid, `The Battle for Peace in Bosnia/Herzegowina after Dayton', wiener blätter zur Friedensforschung, 89/1996, 23-33.
	www.priub.org /afb_info/1997_1/inf97107.htm (589 words)

	Workers For Peace
		A simple conversation started amongst workers who believe in the working class values of solidarity, equality and democracy can change the world.
		Let our war begin with the peaceful exchange of words and ideas.
		Trish Staiger, Anti-Poverty and Peace Activist, Hastings, MN Al McKinnis, Fmr.
	www.labournet.de /krieg/usa/int/w4peace.html (640 words)

	Schleswig-Holsteinisches Institut für Friedenswissenschaften an der CAU Kiel
		Schleswig-Holstein Institute for Peace Research at the Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel
		The book concludes with lessons to be learned on how to respond constructively to the mode of Russia's Kaliningrad policy.
		Leonid Karabeshkin is chairman of the Baltic Club, St Petersburg, Russian Federation; Christian Wellmann is deputy director of the Schleswig-Holstein Institute for Peace Research, Kiel, Germany.
	www.schiff.uni-kiel.de /index.php?idart=197 (190 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)